Source of this article: Shandong CDC

Cold wave public health protection guide

First, the basic concept of cold wave

A cold wave is a weather activity in which cold air from high latitudes invades the middle and low latitudes on a large scale, causing severe cooling (according to the standard of Cold Air Grade GB/T 20484—2017, a cold wave means that the daily minimum temperature drops by more than or equal to 8℃ within 24 hours, or by more than or equal to 10℃ within 48 hours, or by more than or equal to 12℃ within 72 hours, and the daily minimum temperature drops to 4℃ or below.

Second, cold wave health risks

The drop in temperature can lead to the contraction of human blood vessels and the acceleration of respiratory rate. During the cold wave, cold weather is easy to cause superficial skin damage and form chilblain, which aggravates the pain of patients with arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is easy to induce airway spasm and abnormal immune function of respiratory system, and cause acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute attack of bronchial asthma, acute respiratory infection and other respiratory diseases. It is easy to cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, acute heart failure, transient cerebral blood supply deficiency, stroke and so on. At the same time, it may aggravate urinary system diseases and endocrine system diseases, such as chronic kidney disease and diabetes.

Third, the key protection groups

There are three main categories of people: the first category is sensitive people, such as infants, children, pregnant women, the elderly and so on; The second category is people with chronic basic diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory diseases; The third category is outdoor workers, such as traffic police, sanitation workers, construction workers, couriers, takeaways, etc.

Four, cold weather warning information

According to the cold wave warning signal and defense guide, the cold wave warning signal is divided into four levels.

Five, classification protection measures guide

According to the level of cold wave warning signal, we put forward suggestions on protective measures for classified people.

Interpretation of "Cold Wave Public Health Protection Guide"

In order to guide the public to cope with the cold wave scientifically, raise their awareness of self-protection and reduce the possible health damage caused by cold wave weather, we organized experts from the Institute of Environment of China CDC and other units to formulate the Cold Wave Public Health Protection Guide (hereinafter referred to as the Guide) on the basis of scientific research and risk assessment, and put forward protection suggestions for different key groups to protect public health to the maximum extent.

The Guide consists of five parts: the basic concept of cold wave, health risks, key protected people, cold wave meteorological early warning information, and cold wave early warning grading protection measures guide. The definition of cold wave and its effects on human respiratory, cardiovascular and urinary systems are mainly introduced in two parts: basic concepts and health risks. Key protection groups point out the key groups that need attention during the cold wave, including sensitive groups, people with chronic basic diseases and outdoor workers. Cold wave meteorological early warning information guides the public to scientifically understand cold wave forecast and early warning information. The cold wave warning and grading protection measures guide puts forward targeted protection measures for key people respectively.

Editor: Gao Mengdi

Checked by: Wang Hao

Chief Editor: Chen Xiaoran

Original title: "Popular Science | The National Disease Control Bureau issued the" Cold Wave Public Health Protection Guide ""

Read the original text

　　Lead: Everyone is always curious about artists, and what they like to eat and use is always a point of concern, and what their parents are like is also very interesting to know. Although they are often too private to be exposed, some artists and friends have exposed their home tastes for various reasons. Let’s take a look ~(@Lyduo).

　　Recently, Liu Wen’s exposure of her own studio photos in the "wallpaper File" triggered a heated discussion, not only because of everyone’s curiosity, but also because the office of the first cousin is so beautiful! There are even many netizens who want to change jobs very much after reading it!

　　Her studio is located in Liangzhu Cultural Town, Ningbo. It is said that Liu Wen had taken great pains to choose the location of the studio earlier, until she saw it in Ningbo Studio. Because there is a river in front of this place and a river behind it, you can see mountains in the distance, and you can see the sky when you look up, which is very attractive to her.

　　This studio is called "Six-One", and Liu Wen regards it as a "growth box". The overall layout is simple, quiet and warm, with excellent lighting. It looks like Liu Wen, and it is full of the vitality of simple sunshine under the glamorous appearance.

　　See here a little real envy? Not only Liu Wen’s studio, but also star artists really have some ideas about home. Let’s share the exposed star home with you today ~

　　　　Jing Bo Ran’s home:

　　"Warm Man" also loves minimalist style.

　　As early as the year before last, Jing Bao shared his apartment in a magazine. It is said that he spent 30 million yuan at that time, which seems to be a high-quality industrial style.

　　Some netizens think that the design is a little too cold to feel at home, but this is a matter of personal preference and cannot be used to judge whether it is good or not. As a host, Jing Bo Ran is partial to black, white and gray, and also likes the unspeakable mystery in this rich level.

　　Jing Bao said that he was actually very interested in home design and enjoyed the process. He often paid attention to some information about interior design, shared it with his own designers when he was suitable, and bought his favorite home items when he traveled overseas.

　　For example, the geometric vase on the table is the work of Jonathan Adler, a famous American soft clothing designer, which has a feeling of combining retro and avant-garde.

　　Jing Bao also bluntly said that he is a cup control. There are all kinds of cups at home, large and small, and each cup has its own place at home. Every time he goes abroad on a business trip, he will bring a cup back.

　　The study on the second floor also continues the overall style of the house, with a little rational coolness in literature and art.

　　The part of the bedroom will be a little warmer. Warm brown wallpaper and warm blue bedding make the bedroom space not too cold, and it is not out of touch with the overall indoor style.

　　There is also a very black technology cloakroom, in which all cupboard doors can be switched by induction. Is it the ultimate dream of girls?

　　Kardashian’s home:

　　Spend 400 million to turn a luxury house into a "rough house"?

　　After talking about domestic star homes, in fact, more stars in sparsely populated foreign countries have shared their homes. After all, the place is big enough! For example, Kardashian, the topic queen, has a lot of discussions about her home. Who asked her to spend 400 million yuan to build her home into a "rough house" …

　　Although it looks like a blank at first glance, it is actually as wide as a palace, with minimalism as the main theme of decoration, which is very detailed.

　　For example, the "flat" sink that has been discussed before actually has a subtle curvature to maintain the amount of water storage and launching.

　　Although the space is empty, there are actually many mysteries. For example, the 130-inch giant screen TV is hidden inside and rises directly from the ground. What’s more black, with the rise of the TV, the curtains will be drawn, making the indoor light more suitable for watching TV.

　　It is said that there are two kitchens, one for display and the other for cooking. Is it through this "rough house" with four walls, that you slowly smell the taste of money?

　　Kylie Jenner ：

　　The strongest girl who attracts gold! Sitting in a $30 million mansion

　　In the Kardashian family, there is not only Kardashian’s super moat, but also a girl with super gold absorption ability, that is, Kylie Jenner, a little sister born in 1997, who is only 22 years old now, but has bought many luxury houses by her own ability.

　　Recently, this $36 million luxury house has also been exposed. It is fully equipped, including tennis courts, swimming pools, etc., which is the configuration of a luxury house in the traditional sense. The decoration is also quite modern, and it looks like a resort hotel. It is very suitable for relaxing and working harder after reading it!

　　Sharapova’s home

　　The warm home of the tennis goddess

　　Shawa, a 32-year-old tennis myth, not only maintains the standard on the court, but also has high requirements for the home environment. Recently, she exposed her mansion in California in foreign media, and it is said that she participated in it to a large extent. It looks stylish enough, and there is no lack of life.

　　It is said that it took her nearly three years to design and build this three-storey building.

　　There is also a casual bowling alley in the basement.

　　The balcony on the second floor can also enjoy the panoramic view of Los Angeles, which is very suitable for leisure and relieves the pressure after the game. It looks like a very comfortable home!

　　　Taylor Swift’s Home:

　　20 million new york mansions are super warm.　

　　As a world-class Diva, Mumei has her own luxury houses in many places, each with its own characteristics, and also has property in new york. In 2014, she spent nearly $20 million to buy a penthouse in new york, where land is scarce.

　　This big apartment has a total of seven bedrooms, including audio-visual room, gym and other luxury houses. However, because it was bought from others, the interior decoration is not suitable for young people. After buying it, it was renovated.

　　After the renovation, it is really beautiful and fashionable, and the sunshine is enough, which looks very warm and young.

　　During the renovation, Mumei rented a Tribeca apartment in Manhattan, which looks very attractive. The most important thing is that it has an excellent location, and now it can enjoy the scenery of downtown new york.

　　After reading so much, are some of them shocked? Maybe we can’t do this, but some design ideas can still be learned, and maybe we can learn from them when decorating our new home one day ~

　　BEIJING, Aug. 16 (Xinhua) According to Japanese media reports, US Vice President Biden criticized Trump, the Republican presidential candidate who made nuclear remarks in Japan and other countries, on the 15 th of this month, saying that "the Japanese Constitution that advocates (Japan) cannot become a nuclear-armed country is written by us (the United States). Does he not know this?"

　　According to reports, Biden made the above remarks when attending a rally of Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton in Pennsylvania in the eastern United States.

　　In view of the Japanese Constitution based on the draft of the Allied Forces General Command (GHQ) in Japan, there is an idea of "imposing constitutional theory" in the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan, and American politicians clearly point out that it is rare to draft it by the United States.

　　Biden believes that Trump lacks diplomatic common sense and has no willingness to learn, pointing out that he does not have the qualification to "know the nuclear weapon launch code" as president.

　　It is reported that Biden also said in an interview with the American media in June that "Japan has the ability to develop nuclear weapons overnight."

SAIC-GM has been very busy in recent months.

Within half a year, SAIC-GM launched a number of new cars, and the effect of the "one-price" policy was even more immediate, which seemed to instantly activate the vitality of this old joint venture car company. "In the last two or three months, we have done a lot of actions and met with you frequently." On the eve of the Guangzhou Auto Show in 2024, Haitao Xue, the deputy general manager of SAIC-GM, said this in a relaxed tone. Although this remark is somewhat joking, it is a true portrayal of a series of intensive new product launches and marketing offensives of SAIC-GM in recent months.

In November, in the face of increasingly fierce competition in the market environment, SAIC-GM achieved another great success. Data show that in November, SAIC-GM’s terminal sales volume was 66,797 vehicles (including exports), up 14.7% from the previous month, setting a new high in the year and maintaining growth for five consecutive months. At the same time, the performance of new energy vehicles was particularly bright. In November, the terminal sales reached 10,010 vehicles, up 5.9% from the previous month. From January to November, the cumulative terminal sales of SAIC-GM exceeded 600,000 vehicles, and the cumulative sales of new energy vehicles reached 97,056 vehicles, a year-on-year increase of 77.4%.

This series of data not only reflects the signs of SAIC-GM’s gradual recovery in the predicament, but also marks its staged success in the rapid layout in the fields of new energy, intelligence and high-end. As one of the mainstream joint venture car companies in China, SAIC-GM has been accelerating its transformation in recent years, making full efforts in products, technology, marketing, services and other fields, showing strong market resilience.

New energy strategy: the key layout from oil-electric dual track to electrification transformation

The wave of new energy is irreversible, and the transformation process of SAIC-GM, especially in the field of new energy, is particularly critical.

As one of the strongest R&D centers in China, Pan Asia Technology Center is regarded as the "trump card" of SAIC-GM. From chassis adjustment to body design, Pan Asia always adheres to the highest standards in the world. In the field of new energy, Pan Asia also holds enough trump cards … From the development of Ultium platform to the promotion of intelligent solutions for new energy vehicles, this R&D center has gradually brought SAIC-GM into the electrified track.

In order to cope with the drastic changes in China’s automobile market, SAIC-GM set its sights on the development of "oil-electric dual track" from the very beginning. In November, Buick MPV SkyTeam performed well, with monthly sales reaching 10,211 vehicles, up 16% from the previous month. Among them, the GL8 family is still the main force in the market, and the new energy model GL8 PHEV is a leader. As a luxury gold standard hybrid MPV, GL8 PHEV’s sales volume and orders have maintained a double-digit growth. At present, the number of orders of GL8 PHEV is still increasing, and the market share of hybrid MPVs above 350,000 yuan exceeds 30%, and the market share of MPVs above 380,000 yuan is close to 70%.

At the same time, as a pure electric vehicle, its sales in November also reached 3,039 vehicles, up 55.7% year-on-year. With its spacious interior space, solid battery life and excellent safety, Buick E5 attracts a large number of consumers. Since its launch in September, E5 has been selling more than 3,000 vehicles a month for three consecutive months, making it another brilliant work of SAIC-GM in the field of new energy.

In the field of new energy, SAIC-GM continued to promote the expansion and optimization of product matrix. From January to November, the sales volume of new energy vehicles was close to 100,000, making it one of the fastest brands in the joint venture vehicle enterprises. Buick and Cadillac’s "electrification+intelligence" double upgrades have made SAIC-GM not only occupy a place in the fuel automobile market, but also gradually occupy a leading position in the field of new energy vehicles.

In the next two years, SAIC-GM plans to launch 12 new energy vehicles, covering a complete product matrix from compact cars to large SUVs. This not only shows the technical background, but also reserves enough "ammunition" for the competition in the new energy era, which has injected a strong impetus into brand reshaping.

Price offensive: innovation "limited price" won!

It is natural for Buick to continue to improve by accelerating the renewal of new models, distinctive product strength, and superimposing the "stable and ruthless" marketing strategy and escalating value system.

In the second half of 2024, the Buick brand’s "limited time and one price" strategy became an important driver of SAIC-GM’s successful recovery. What is a "bite price"? In short, the price of car models is unified throughout the country, regardless of regions and dealers, and consumers do not need to bargain with sales staff in the process of buying cars. This policy not only saves consumers time and energy, but also avoids the psychological gap after buying a car. At the same time, there is no need for price competition among dealers, but more energy is devoted to improving service quality.

This strategy directly promoted the growth of sales. Through this innovative strategy, SAIC-GM quickly attracted a large number of consumers’ attention and activated market demand. After the release of the limited-time "one-price", orders quickly exceeded 5,000 units during the National Day. In addition, the continued sales of Plus can not be separated from the promotion of one-price strategy. With this strategy, Buick Angkewei Plus has gained a firm foothold in the SUV market and become an important force that cannot be ignored in the current fuel auto market. According to the latest data, the sales volume of Angkewei family reached 18,300, of which the sales volume of Angkewei Plus reached 12,807, setting a new record for the monthly sales volume of 2.0T displacement vehicles.

In the field of cars, since the launch of Buick 2025 Platinum, the sales volume has continued to rise, with 4,603 vehicles sold in November, up 50.5% year-on-year. The performance of this series of products has laid a good foundation for SAIC-GM’s market recovery.

In addition, GL8 "Tiantuan" also performed well. The luxury gold standard MPV—— listed at the end of October-the new GL8 Luzun terminal is hot, with orders increasing by 108% month-on-month; For the first time, the GL8 land business class entered the price range of less than 200,000 yuan, further lowering the purchase threshold for MPV users. In addition, the 2025 CENTURY was launched less than a month ago, with sales volume increasing by 84.4% month-on-month, and orders rising by more than 240% month-on-month, continuing to write the "century" legend of the top luxury MPV market.

Under the strategic deployment of SAIC-GM, Cadillac brand will not be outdone. This year, Cadillac launched XT6, a luxury six-seat SUV with all road conditions. With the market pricing advantage and replacement subsidy policy, it quickly broke the barriers for consumers to buy luxury SUVs. In November, Cadillac’s brand-new XT5 also sold well, with 6,127 new orders. Since its listing, it has ordered more than 6,000 units and delivered 3,933 units for three consecutive months, and the market share of key cities has risen to the top three. Star rear-drive car CT5 sold 5,306 cars in November, up 9% from the previous month. Undoubtedly, both Buick and Cadillac have demonstrated the firm steps of SAIC-GM in the direction of high-end and electrification.

From channel to organization, the gold content of SAIC-GM system strength is still improving.

At present, the sales volume of SAIC-GM terminals has stabilized at more than 50,000 vehicles per month, and it has continued to grow for five months, obviously stabilizing and warming up.

In fact, the success of SAIC-GM is not only reflected in the breakthrough of products and sales, but also in the deep localization strategy and organizational optimization behind it. This year, SAIC-GM successfully "destocked" more than 150,000 vehicles, significantly improving the health of the channel. Combined with the new marketing strategy and management optimization, the company’s market performance gradually picked up. In particular, the comprehensive optimization and integration of production efficiency, organizational structure, core team and operating costs have laid a solid foundation for the company’s future sustainable development.

In terms of channels, SAIC-GM has strengthened its support for dealer networks through digital means. It not only provides a more transparent data sharing platform, but also helps dealers reduce operating costs through the optimization of financial policies. This "empowerment management" model has won more support for the brand in the market competition.

More importantly, thanks to the full support of the parent companies SAIC and GM, SAIC-GM has formulated a series of long-term development plans for the future, including product planning for the next decade. With the continuous introduction of more new technologies and new models, SAIC-GM is accumulating strength for further breakthroughs in the coming year.

In the face of the deep transformation of the market, SAIC-GM has demonstrated strong coping ability and market acumen. Whether it is continuous innovation in new energy and intelligence, or multi-dimensional adjustment in products, technology and marketing, it shows that it is fully prepared for healthy and sustainable development in the future. With the gradual recovery of sales in 2024, SAIC-GM is expected to continue to be at the forefront in the field of new energy and intelligence in 2025. The strong rebound in monthly sales once again verified its strong competitiveness against the trend in the predicament.

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For SAIC-GM, the recovery of sales volume is not only a staged victory, but also a starting point for redefining brand value and winning back consumer trust. Under the circumstance of accelerating the reshuffle of China automobile market, SAIC-GM is moving towards the peak again at a steady pace.

At present, China auto market is undergoing a deep transformation, and opportunities and challenges coexist. As the leader of joint venture car companies in the era of smart electricity, SAIC-GM has continuously adjusted its strategy and demonstrated its strong resistance to pressure with innovative breakthroughs. A series of reform measures have demonstrated the confidence and determination of SAIC-GM, as if to declare to the market that the past trough is only temporary. In the future, it will continue to meet the challenges with an open attitude, and with its strong brand influence, technical strength and market insight, it will set off new waves in China and even the global automobile market.

We are confident that we can see the day when SAIC-GM "the king returns".

　　In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Supreme Leader emphasized that innovation is the first driving force for development and the strategic support for building a modern economic system. In accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, it is of great and far-reaching significance to take accelerating the construction of an innovative country as the overall strategic measure of modernization, firmly implement the innovation-driven development strategy, strengthen the position and role of innovation as the first driving force, and highlight the leading role of scientific and technological innovation in all-round innovation.

　　Deeply understand the great significance of accelerating the construction of an innovative country

　　The main symbol of an innovative country is that science and technology and talents have become the most important strategic resources for a strong national strength. The improvement of labor productivity and social productivity mainly depends on scientific and technological progress and comprehensive innovation. It has a number of world-class scientific research institutions, research universities and innovative enterprises, and the innovative legal system environment, market environment and cultural environment are excellent. The essence of an innovative country is to rely on innovation activities to promote economic development and improve competitiveness, and its measurement indicators are mainly reflected in innovation resources, knowledge creation, enterprise innovation, innovation performance, innovation environment and so on.

　　Accelerating the construction of an innovative country is an inherent requirement for China to move towards a modern power. Science and technology are the sharp weapon of the country, and all the modern powers in the world are innovation powers and science and technology powers. The strategic goal of building an innovative country in China is to enter the ranks of innovative countries by 2020, to be in the forefront of innovative countries by 2035, and to become a world science and technology power by the centenary of the founding of New China. At present, China’s development has reached a new historical starting point and is moving from a developing country to a modern power. If we can’t win in the field of innovation, we can’t grasp the opportunities and advantages of global competition, and we will lose support in moving towards a modern power. We must speed up the construction of an innovative country, highlight the improvement of scientific and technological innovation ability, and support a modern power with a strong country of science and technology.

　　Accelerating the construction of an innovative country is an inevitable choice to solve the main social contradictions in the new era in China. At present, the main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. In particular, economic development is big but not strong, big but not excellent, the driving force of factors is obviously weakened, and new kinetic energy has not been fully connected. The demand for scientific and technological innovation in economic and social development has never been as urgent as it is today. Only by speeding up the construction of an innovative country and fully practicing the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing in the whole process of economic and social development can we accelerate the transformation to connotative development mainly relying on knowledge accumulation, technological progress and the improvement of labor quality, realize a fundamental change in the endogenous motivation and vitality of China’s development, and open up a broader space for solving major social contradictions.

　　Accelerating the construction of an innovative country is a strategic measure to seize the historical opportunity of the new scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. At present, a new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is gestating, especially information technology, biotechnology, manufacturing technology, etc., which have widely penetrated into various fields, and led to major group technological changes characterized by green, intelligence and ubiquity. The pace of integration of next-generation information technologies such as big data, cloud computing and mobile Internet with robots and intelligent manufacturing technologies is accelerating, which is triggering a major adjustment of international industrial division of labor, thus reshaping the world competition pattern and changing the balance of national power. China is faced with a rare historical opportunity to catch up and leapfrog, but also a severe challenge to widen the gap. Only by accelerating the construction of an innovative country, comprehensively enhancing the ability of scientific and technological innovation, and striving to achieve leapfrog development in important scientific and technological fields can we win the strategic initiative in the new round of global competition.

　　Firmly implement the strategy of innovation-driven development

　　The innovation-driven development strategy is related to the overall situation of China’s economic and social development. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China puts forward the strategy of firmly implementing innovation-driven development, which shows that our party regards the implementation of this strategy as a major and long-term task and puts it at the core of the overall development of the country.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has made remarkable achievements in implementing the innovation-driven development strategy. The contribution rate of scientific and technological progress to economic growth has increased from 52.2% in 2012 to 56.2% in 2016, which has effectively promoted industrial transformation and upgrading. Breakthroughs have been made in the industrialization of major scientific and technological achievements such as high-speed railways, hydropower equipment, UHV power transmission and transformation, hybrid rice, Earth observation satellites, Beidou navigation, electric vehicles, etc. Some industries are at the forefront of the world, continuously improving the quality and efficiency of China’s economic development and expanding the new space for China’s development.

　　To implement the innovation-driven development strategy, it is necessary to highlight the supporting and leading role of scientific and technological innovation in supply-side structural reform and fostering new kinetic energy for development. First, promote the innovation of industrial technology system around the new generation information network, intelligent green manufacturing, modern agriculture, modern energy and other fields, pay attention to the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries with new technologies and new formats, and lead the development of emerging industrial clusters with the support of technological breakthroughs. The second is to promote the integration of technological innovation, management innovation and business model innovation, expand emerging service industries such as digital consumption, e-commerce, modern logistics and internet finance, and vigorously develop digital economy, platform economy, sharing economy and intelligent economy. The third is to vigorously promote innovation and entrepreneurship, establish a number of low-cost, convenient and open creative spaces and virtual innovation communities, and incubate and cultivate innovative small and micro enterprises with "specialization and novelty". Fourth, create new economic growth points, growth zones and growth poles, deepen the construction of globally influential scientific and technological innovation centers in Beijing and Shanghai, accelerate the coordinated innovation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Economic Belt and the eastern and western regions, strengthen the radiation-driven role of national independent innovation demonstration zones and national high-tech zones, and build a number of innovative cities and regional innovation centers with strong driving effects.

　　Promoting new breakthroughs in key areas of scientific and technological innovation around "three orientations"

　　Facing the forefront of world science and technology, facing the main battlefield of economy and facing the major needs of the country is the main strategic direction of China’s scientific and technological innovation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the forward-looking layout and systematic promotion of the "Three Orientations" have been significantly strengthened, and breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation have been significantly accelerated. Benchmarking the forefront of international science and technology, China has achieved a large number of major original achievements in basic research and applied basic research fields such as quantum communication and computer, high temperature superconductivity and neutrino oscillation, and its international influence has been greatly enhanced. Facing the main battlefield of economy, a series of major technical and engineering breakthroughs have been achieved in major national science and technology projects, and the mobile communication field has developed by leaps and bounds from "2G following", "3G breakthrough", "4G parallel" to "5G leading", and the C919 large passenger plane made its first flight successfully. Focusing on the major needs of national development, China has achieved a number of landmark major scientific and technological innovations with international influence in strategic areas such as deep space, deep sea, deep ground and deep blue, such as manned spaceflight and lunar exploration, manned deep diving, deep drilling and supercomputing.

　　At the same time, we should also see that basic research in China is still weak. Original technology and subversive technology are relatively insufficient, and key core technologies in many fields are subject to people. It is necessary to integrate scientific and technological resources more effectively and accelerate breakthroughs. First, strengthen basic research and applied basic research, and strengthen the source reserve of new ideas, methods, principles and knowledge. Second, focus on major national science and technology projects, organize Industry-University-Research to jointly tackle key problems, and break through a number of key common technologies in the fields of information, biology, new energy, new materials and artificial intelligence. The third is to launch "Science and Technology Innovation 2030— Major projects ",increase efforts in the fields of space, ocean, network, materials, energy and health, and break through and master a number of original and subversive technologies. The fourth is to promote modern engineering technology research and demonstration application, and strengthen technology development and integration, equipment development and large-scale application for marine engineering, heavy equipment, transportation, power grid, modern agriculture and other fields.

　　Strengthen the construction of national innovation system

　　National innovation system is the basis of determining the level of national development, strategic scientific and technological forces are the backbone of national innovation system, and international competition is largely the competition of scientific and technological innovation capability systems.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the construction of China’s scientific and technological innovation capability system has reached a new level. The construction of scientific and technological innovation bases has been accelerated, the comprehensive national science center has been promoted as a whole, and breakthroughs have been made in the construction of large-scale scientific research infrastructure. Major scientific and technological facilities such as the world’s largest spherical radio telescope (FAST) with a diameter of 500 meters and the super-large hypersonic shock wind tunnel will be built, and innovative platforms such as the State Key Laboratory will be laid out. At the same time, we will promote the open sharing of science and technology infrastructure platforms, and bring 58 major scientific research infrastructures and 58,000 sets of large scientific research instruments into a unified national network management platform. A number of large-scale comprehensive scientific research institutions have greatly improved their research capabilities and moved forward in international rankings. The technological innovation capability of enterprises has been further enhanced. In 2016, enterprises accounted for more than 77.5% of the R&D expenditure of the whole society, and a number of internationally influential scientific and technological innovative enterprises emerged.

　　At present, in the face of the requirements of building a world science and technology power, we must vigorously strengthen the capacity building of the national innovation system and systematically build China’s strategic scientific and technological strength. First, lay out national laboratories in major innovation fields and build a strategic scientific and technological innovation base that reflects the will of the country and has a world-class level. Second, focus on energy, life, particle physics and other fields to build a number of major scientific and technological infrastructures, and accelerate the construction of three comprehensive science centers in Zhangjiang, Shanghai, Hefei, Anhui and Huairou, Beijing. The third is to optimize and integrate the layout of national scientific research bases and platforms, and make layout around the national strategy and innovation chain to promote the open sharing of scientific and technological resources. Fourth, according to the requirements of enterprise-oriented, market-oriented and Industry-University-Research’s deep integration, we will promote technological innovation, build a number of national technological innovation centers to lead enterprise innovation and industrial development, support a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises to enhance their innovation capabilities, and cultivate a number of innovative leading enterprises with outstanding core technological capabilities and strong integrated innovation capabilities. The national innovation system we are building is open, not closed. We should improve the internationalization level of scientific and technological innovation in all directions, build a "Belt and Road" collaborative innovation community, and actively take the lead or participate in international major scientific plans and projects.

　　Building a team of high-end scientific and technological innovation talents

　　Innovation drive is essentially talent drive, and comprehensive national strength competition is talent competition in the final analysis. Whoever has the advantage of talent will have the advantage of innovation strength.

　　There are still some problems in innovative scientific and technological talents in China, such as outstanding structural contradictions, lack of world-class scientific and technological masters, shortage of leading talents and top talents, and disconnection between engineering and technical personnel training and production and innovation practice. Therefore, the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to cultivate a large number of strategic scientific and technological talents, leading scientific and technological talents, young scientific and technological talents and high-level innovative teams with international standards. We should take this deployment as a priority task in implementing the innovation-driven development strategy and pay close attention to it. First, promote the strategic adjustment of the structure of innovative scientific and technological talents, strengthen the construction of high-end scientific and technological innovative talents, highlight the orientation of "high precision and sharp lack", and strengthen the selection and training of strategic scientific and technological talents, leading scientific and technological talents and high-level innovative teams. Second, aim at the world’s scientific and technological frontiers and strategic emerging industries, support and train young and middle-aged leading talents with development potential, and open up special support channels for young talents. The third is to cultivate a large number of entrepreneurial talents with global strategic vision, innovation ability and social responsibility, and protect entrepreneurs’ innovation income and property rights according to law. Fourth, continue to increase the introduction of overseas high-level talents, introduce high-level innovative talents such as chief scientists to the world, and achieve accurate introduction. Fifth, vigorously promote innovation education, enhance the innovation consciousness and ability of the whole society, and create a team of innovative and entrepreneurial talents with large scale, innovative spirit and dare to take risks.

　　Deepen the reform of science and technology system

　　To build an innovative country, we must adhere to the two-wheel drive of scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation. Only when the two wheels work in harmony can the new engine driven by innovation be started at full speed.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to deepen the reform of the scientific and technological system, and we should work hard on the strength and methods of implementation. First, improve the inclusive policy system to support enterprise innovation, and increase the implementation of policies such as R&D expenses plus deduction, tax incentives for high-tech enterprises, and accelerated depreciation of fixed assets. The second is to promote the reform of project evaluation, talent evaluation and institutional evaluation to stimulate the enthusiasm of scientific and technological personnel. The third is to improve the national technology transfer system, cultivate a number of national technology transfer institutions with high professional level and strong service ability, establish and improve regional and industrial technology markets, and build a technology transfer network connecting innovative resources such as technology, capital and talents at home and abroad. The fourth is to strengthen the creation, protection and application of intellectual property rights, deepen the reform of rights management of scientific and technological achievements, improve the incentive evaluation system for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and strengthen the legal protection of intellectual property rights in innovative countries. The fifth is to create a fair, open and transparent market environment, establish a government procurement system in line with international rules, and expand the market space for innovative products and services.

　　Wang zhigang

　　Cctv newsOn July 7th, China Consumers Association and china health care association Cosmetics Development Working Committee issued summer consumption tips.

　　In recent years, with the development of society and economy, people’s pursuit of beauty has become more and more intense, and the cosmetics market has gradually shown a growing and aging trend, and children’s cosmetics categories have been derived. Children’s cosmetics refer to cosmetics that are suitable for children under the age of 12 (including 12 years old) and have the functions of cleaning, moisturizing, refreshing and sun protection. Products that are marked with words such as "suitable for all people" and "for use by the whole family" or use trademarks, patterns, homophones, letters, Chinese Pinyin, numbers, symbols and packaging forms to imply that the product users include children are also managed according to children’s cosmetics.

　　According to relevant statistics, at least 50 million children use cosmetics every year in China, and it is estimated that the market share of children’s cosmetics has reached nearly 5 billion yuan, and it is increasing year by year. In the market, children’s cosmetics such as lip gloss, lipstick, blush, nail polish, eye shadow, glitter, cosmetic cream, powder cake and puff are dazzling, and some e-commerce companies also sell them in the form of children’s cosmetics combination sets, with considerable sales. At the same time, there are some problems in the children’s cosmetics market, such as producing children’s cosmetics without a production license, forging the name and address of the manufacturer, illegally adding hormones and anti-infective drugs, claiming "food-grade" cosmetics, and selling "make-up toys" that are easily regarded as children’s cosmetics, which is not conducive to children’s safety and health.

　　(1) Attention should be paid to the efficacy category when purchasing children’s cosmetics, and infants under 3 years old should not use "make-up". Compared with adults, children under 12 years old, especially infants under 3 years old, have immature skin barrier function, strong susceptibility to external stimuli, poor defense ability and strong susceptibility to bacterial infection. These skin characteristics determine that children have more special considerations about cosmetics formula. Not only are children’s cosmetics quite different from adult cosmetics, but also the cosmetics used by infants under 3 years old and children aged 3-12 years old are not exactly the same.

　　The Classification Rules and Catalogue of Cosmetics issued by National Medical Products Administration stipulates that the functions of cosmetics used by children aged 3-12 are claimed to be cleaning, makeup removal, moisturizing, beauty modification, fragrance, hair care, sun protection, repair, soothing and refreshing; The efficacy claims of cosmetics used by infants aged 0 ~ 3 years are limited to cleaning, moisturizing, hair care, sun protection, soothing and refreshing. It can be seen that the cosmetic efficacy claims used by 0 ~ 3-year-old infants do not include "make-up" categories such as beauty modification and makeup removal. To this end, parents should not buy "make-up" for infants under 3 years old. It is illegal if the label of make-up cosmetics claims that infants under 3 years old are available.

　　(two) to buy children’s cosmetics, you should choose qualified regular merchants, read the labels carefully and verify the product information, and look for the "Little Golden Shield" logo. When consumers buy children’s cosmetics, first of all, they should carefully check the qualifications of operators such as business licenses, choose regular businesses with complete licenses to trade, and keep shopping vouchers such as invoices and receipts. Secondly, we should try to choose brands and products with high popularity and good consumer evaluation, and carefully read the labeling information on the product packaging, especially the product composition, efficacy, users, production date and shelf life, and precautions. Finally, to check the registration or filing information of products, children’s cosmetics are generally in the name of "makeup", and can be checked through the website of National Medical Products Administration (https://www.nmpa.gov.cn/) or the cosmetics supervision APP to check the authenticity of product information.

　　It should be noted that the label "Little Golden Shield" on cosmetics packaging only shows that the product belongs to children’s cosmetics, which is different from adult cosmetics, toys and other products. It does not mean that the product has been approved by the regulatory authorities or certified for quality and safety.

　　(3) Parents should actively monitor their children’s use of children’s cosmetics and stop using them immediately if they feel unwell. Children should be ensured to use children’s cosmetics under the supervision of their parents in accordance with the use methods marked on the labels or instructions. It is recommended to check the quality of children’s cosmetics before each use. If it is within the shelf life, the product characteristics have changed, such as discoloration, oil-water separation, mildew spots or odor, the use should be stopped. When a child uses a certain children’s cosmetics for the first time, it is suggested to do a "skin test" first, and choose a small amount, dilution or local trial to see if there will be any adverse reactions. If there is no abnormality, then use it normally.

　　If allergic reaction or discomfort occurs during the use of children’s cosmetics, stop using them immediately. If the reaction and symptoms are mild, you can wash off the applied cosmetics on your skin with clear water and observe the recovery of your child. If the reactions and symptoms are serious or the cosmetics on the skin are not improved after washing, you can take the cosmetic product and its outer packaging to the dermatological department of the hospital and describe the process and details of the adverse cosmetic reactions to the doctor.

　　(4) There is no "food-grade" cosmetics, and there is a safety risk when food is ingested with cosmetics. Recently, some merchants used some raw materials that can be used to produce "food" in the production of cosmetics, and took the opportunity to call such cosmetics "food-grade" cosmetics, suggesting that it is safer for parents to use such cosmetics for children. In fact, cosmetics and food are two different kinds of products. According to different laws and regulations, different product standards, raw material requirements, production conditions, etc., there is no so-called "food-grade" cosmetics. To evaluate the safety of cosmetics, it is necessary to evaluate the safety of its raw materials, as well as the product formula, production technology, use mode and storage conditions. To this end, the second paragraph of Article 13 of the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Children’s Cosmetics clearly stipulates that "the label of children’s cosmetics shall not be marked ‘ Food grade ’ ‘ Edible ’ Words or food-related patterns. "

　　In daily use, if occasionally a small amount of lipstick, lipstick and other qualified children’s cosmetics are licked into the mouth, you don’t have to worry too much, because this intake is small and generally still within the safe range. However, if children mistake children’s cosmetics for a large amount of food, it may lead to health risks. If there are unwell symptoms, they should seek medical advice in time.

　　Children’s cosmetics should be strictly distinguished from toys, and make-up toys should not be used as children’s cosmetics. Children’s cosmetics and toys are two different kinds of products, which are managed according to different laws and regulations, and their management measures and requirements are also different. At present, some products such as "children’s dressing table" or "baby dressing table" including eye shadow, blush, lipstick and nail polish are very popular in the market. In fact, many of these products are "make-up toys" produced by toy manufacturers only for painting dolls, etc. They are only produced and inspected according to the production standards and quality inspection standards of toys, and the products have not been registered or filed in the drug supervision department according to law, so they are not managed as children’s cosmetics. Products such as "lipstick toys" and "blush toys" produced according to general toy product standards may contain substances that are not suitable for use as cosmetic raw materials, such as colorants with relatively high safety risks, which may irritate children’s skin if used as cosmetics. In addition, this kind of "make-up toys" may also have the problem of excessive heavy metals, such as excessive lead, which can damage many systems of the body and affect children’s intellectual development after being absorbed. To this end, parents must distinguish children’s cosmetics from make-up toys when purchasing for their children.

　　Finally, parents are reminded to actively guide their children to establish a correct aesthetic view, advocate more children to pursue natural beauty and healthy beauty, and avoid children’s excessive dependence on cosmetics. At the same time, parents are also called upon to earnestly safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. When their rights and interests are damaged, they can negotiate with the operators to solve them, or they can complain to the market supervision departments or consumer associations where the operators are located.

　　How do children of foreigners, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan enter Huizhou? A few days ago, Huizhou Education Bureau and Huizhou Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Bureau jointly issued the Measures for the Administration of Recruiting and Training International Students and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Students in Huizhou Primary and Secondary Schools (hereinafter referred to as the Measures). According to the Measures, children of foreigners, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan people who attend Huizhou schools enjoy the same treatment as children of local registered population. They can not only enjoy free compulsory education as local registered students, but also take the senior high school entrance examination, academic examination and college entrance examination in the local area, regardless of nationality and household registration.

　　According to reports, the Outline of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s Development Plan specifically proposes to strengthen school construction, expand the supply of degrees, and study the right to give children of Hong Kong and Macao residents who work and live in nine cities in the Pearl River Delta the same as mainland residents to receive compulsory education and high school education. To this end, Guangdong has actively introduced a number of measures to ensure that children of Hong Kong and Macao residents receive preschool education, compulsory education and ordinary high school education in Guangdong. At present, the Provincial Department of Education has formulated and promulgated the Notice of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education on Forwarding the Admission of Ordinary Primary and Secondary Schools in 2019, the Notice of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education Forwarding the Notice of Ministry of Education on Implementing the Measures for the Application and Issuance of Residence Permits for Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Residents, and the Notice of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education on Doing a Good Job in Education for the Children of High-level Talents.

　　The term "international persons" as mentioned in these Measures refers to foreigners who do not have People’s Republic of China (PRC) nationality according to the Nationality Law of the People’s Republic of China; The term "international students" as mentioned in these Measures refers to foreign students who do not have People’s Republic of China (PRC) nationality according to the Nationality Law of the People’s Republic of China. The term "Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan people" as mentioned in these Measures refers to people with household registration in People’s Republic of China (PRC) Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province; The students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan mentioned in the Measures refer to students with household registration in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Province.

　　Enter the first and seventh grades "near the test-free"

　　The "Measures" clarify that if international people and people from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan apply for their children to attend Huizhou public primary schools and junior high schools, they will make overall arrangements in accordance with the principle of admission to the nearest school without examination.

　　Among them, those who invest in Huizhou will be enrolled in public schools by the education administrative department of the county (district) where the investment is located in accordance with the principle of free entrance to the nearest school; If you are employed in Huizhou, the education administrative department of the county (district) where the employment unit is located will make overall arrangements for enrolling in public schools in accordance with the principle of admission to the nearest school without examination; In Huizhou, those who reunite with their local registered spouses and live for a long time shall be enrolled in public schools by the education administrative department of the county (district) where their local registered spouses are located in accordance with the principle of admission to the nearest school without examination.

　　If you apply for transferring your children to Huizhou public schools, the education administrative department of the local county (district) shall treat them equally according to the method of transferring students with local household registration to public schools according to the above Measures.

　　It is worth noting that if Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan people who do not meet the above enrollment conditions or their children apply for residence permits for People’s Republic of China (PRC), Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Province residents in Huizhou (hereinafter referred to as Hong Kong, Macao and residence permits), they will enjoy the same treatment as the children of migrant workers in different places in the mainland (mainland) to enroll in public schools.

　　The "Measures" also emphasize that international students and students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan are enrolled in Huizhou public primary schools and junior high schools, and tuition fees are free and textbooks are provided free of charge; When enrolled in Huizhou private primary schools and junior high schools, they pay tuition fees according to the charging standards of the private schools they attend, and enjoy financial subsidies for public funds per student. When collecting tuition fees, private schools deduct tuition fees by semester and provide textbooks free of charge.

　　After graduating from Huizhou junior high school, you can take the senior high school entrance examination in Huizhou.

　　The "Measures" clarify that international students and students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan who want to enter ordinary high schools in Huizhou after graduating from junior high schools must take the junior high school level examination (senior high school entrance examination) organized by Huizhou, and enjoy the same treatment as Huizhou household registration students. They need to fill in the volunteers of ordinary high schools, enjoy the enrollment indicators directly allocated to junior high schools by high-quality ordinary high schools, and be admitted according to the same score line.

　　International people and people from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan who invest or work in Huizhou or reunite with their local registered spouses and live for a long time need to provide relevant information to the education administrative department of the county (district, city) where they invest or work or reunite with their local registered spouses and live for a long time, and the education administrative department of the county (district, city) will co-ordinate the reception arrangements.

　　The "Measures" also emphasize that international students and students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan are enrolled in Huizhou public ordinary high schools and pay the same fees as registered students in this city; Enrolling in Huizhou private ordinary high school will be paid according to the charging standard of the private ordinary high school.

　　International students should have a physical examination when they enter school.

　　The "Measures" require that international students should go to the health and quarantine department of China for confirmation of the Record of Physical Examination for Foreigners or have a physical examination in accordance with the regulations of the health administrative department of China. Those who are confirmed to have serious mental disorders, infectious tuberculosis or other infectious diseases that may cause great harm to public health as stipulated in the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Exit and Entry Administration shall be dealt with by the public security department according to law. No admission in Huizhou.

　　The "Measures" also propose that if the study visa held by international students indicates that they need to apply for residence certificates after entering the country, they should apply to the exit-entry administration department of the public security organ of the place where they intend to stay for residence certificates of study foreigners within 30 days from the date of entry.

　　When a school enrolls an international student under the age of 18 whose parents are not resident in China, it must require their parents to formally entrust a foreigner or Chinese who is resident in China as the guardian of the international student, and provide relevant certification materials. The school implements the international student full insurance system. International students must be insured in accordance with relevant state regulations and school requirements. Those who fail to purchase insurance in accordance with the regulations should be insured within a time limit. If they fail to do so within the time limit, the school will not accept them; Those who have already studied in school should drop out of school or not be registered.

　　International, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan students study in regular classes in principle.

　　The Measures point out that after international students and students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan enter school, schools should provide them with entrance education in time to help them understand the laws, regulations and school systems of People’s Republic of China (PRC). Students who violate the laws and regulations such as the Exit and Entry Administration Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Public Security Administration Punishment Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Regulations on the Entry and Exit Administration of Foreigners in People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Regulations on the Administration of Religious Activities of Foreigners in People’s Republic of China (PRC) should promptly report to the public security, education and other competent departments for handling according to law.

　　The school implements unified management and teaching for international students, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan students and local students. Generally, international students and students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan should be arranged to study in regular classes, instead of arranging classes separately. Its teaching is organized and implemented according to the current teaching standards in our province. Schools can arrange necessary Chinese tutoring for international students and students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan according to actual needs (no fees are allowed).

　　International students and students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan who have completed various science courses and passed the examination will be issued with graduation certificates; Those who fail to complete their studies as planned can be issued with realistic learning certificates.

　　The Measures also require that education administrative departments and schools at all levels should attach great importance to the safety work of international students and students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan during their school days, establish and improve the safety guarantee system and safety accident handling plan for international students and students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and ensure the smooth communication channels between schools and international students and their parents or entrusted guardians. Schools can sign admission agreements with their parents or other guardians to clarify their respective responsibilities and obligations.

　　How to go through the admission formalities?

　　As for how to go through the relevant admission procedures? The "Measures" clarify that when applying for admission (including transfer) to public schools for accompanying children, they need to submit their identity information, investment or employment in Huizhou or related information materials (one original and one copy each, and the original will be returned after face-to-face verification and confirmation) to the local county (district) education administrative department.

　　International students and students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan who apply for admission (including transfer) to public schools or private schools shall submit the following original documents and photocopies to the school in duplicate (one of which shall be kept by the school, and the other shall be signed by the school manager and marked "consistent with the original" and stamped with the official seal and submitted to the education authorities. The original will be returned after being checked and confirmed by the school in person): (1) Passport and valid residence certificate of the international student himself and one of his parents; (two) Hong Kong and Macao students themselves and one of their parents’ residence permits for Hong Kong and Macao residents or the Pass for Hong Kong (Macao) residents to and from the Mainland; (three) Taiwan Province students themselves and one of their parents’ Taiwan Province resident residence permit or five-year "mainland travel permit for taiwan residents". County (District) education administrative departments to accept, unified registration, the applicant’s relevant application materials submitted to the county (District) Taiwan Province Affairs Office for review. County (District) Taiwan Province Affairs Office shall timely feedback the audit results to the county (District) education administrative department. County (District) Taiwan Province Affairs Office after the audit is not approved, the education administrative department shall not accept the application.

The State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism held a press conference in Beijing on June 9th to introduce the situation of nucleic acid detection and epidemic prevention and control. Let’s look at it together-

If there is no epidemic situation and no import risk, nucleic acid inspection should not be the norm.

After the outbreak of cluster epidemic, according to the needs of epidemic prevention and control, we should scientifically determine the strategy of nucleic acid detection, delimit the scope and frequency of nucleic acid detection, avoid blindly expanding the scope of nucleic acid detection for all staff, and carry out nucleic acid detection in turn according to the risk level from high to low. The first nucleic acid screening should be completed in the sealed control area within 24 hours, and the first full-time nucleic acid screening should be completed in the control area within 48 hours. That is to say, after the outbreak, the personnel, scope and frequency of nucleic acid testing must be arranged as a whole according to the needs of epidemic prevention and control. People in medium and high-risk areas, sealed control areas and control areas are not allowed to go out, but if it is really necessary to travel in low-risk areas and prevention areas where the epidemic occurs, a 48-hour negative nucleic acid test certificate is required. All localities can make adjustments according to the needs of epidemic prevention and control.

If there is no epidemic situation and there is no risk of import, nucleic acid inspection should not become a normal state.

The 15-minute nucleic acid sampling circle should be built according to the time and situation.

In the prevention and control of normalized epidemic situation, such as port cities, provincial capital cities and cities with a population of 10 million, because of the high risk of epidemic situation input, it is beneficial to provide more convenient and convenient nucleic acid testing services for people who should and want to complete the inspection. It is conducive to improving the sensitivity of epidemic monitoring and early warning and building a system for early warning and discovery of epidemic situation; It is also conducive to discovering potential risks earlier, implementing prevention and control measures faster, and avoiding large-scale and explosive clustering epidemics. In particular, it is important to emphasize that the 15-minute nucleic acid sampling circle is not required to be established in all cities, but mainly concentrated in large cities with high risk of epidemic import, especially with large population. Whether to build a 15-minute nucleic acid sampling circle and the frequency of our detection are mainly based on the occurrence and development of the local epidemic situation and the needs of prevention and control work, and should be determined according to the situation and the situation, and it is not possible to make a "one size fits all".

Nucleic acid detection is the "gold standard" of diagnosis, and virus variation has no effect on the detection ability of nucleic acid detection.

As for nucleic acid detection, it is a mature and international laboratory diagnostic method. In the past, we mainly relied on culture to detect the pathogen of virus, and we identified it by dyeing, morphological observation, biochemical test, immune test and other methods. The virus was cultivated for a long time, and some pathogens in the laboratory were difficult to cultivate. Later, we had a nucleic acid detection method. The nucleic acid detection method has high sensitivity and specificity can reach 100% in methodology. That is to say, the positive result of nucleic acid detection is equivalent to the result of pathogen culture and becomes the "gold standard" of diagnosis. Not only do we do COVID-19’s viruses, but also common pathogens, such as hepatitis B virus and HIV, can be diagnosed by nucleic acid detection and monitored for treatment.

We do nucleic acid detection in Covid-19, and the nucleic acid detection reagents used are aimed at the double-target or triple-target genes in COVID-19. There is basically no possibility that the virus mutation will mutate in two or three target genes at the same time, so the virus mutation has no influence on the detection ability of nucleic acid detection.

Positive nucleic acid detection in environmental samples does not mean that there is a live virus.

The positive detection of nucleic acid in environmental samples does not mean that there must be a live virus in environmental samples. If there is a live virus, it is necessary to do cell virus isolation or sensitive mice to isolate the virus to determine whether there is a live virus. Because both dead virus and live virus are in environmental samples, or the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine we are playing now, it contains nucleic acid, which can be detected as positive by nucleic acid detection, so the detection of nucleic acid positive does not mean that it has a live virus, so it should be comprehensively judged.

There is no need for frequent nucleic acid testing in low-risk areas and low-risk people.

There is no need for frequent nucleic acid testing in low-risk areas and low-risk people, such as long-term family members. The focus of nucleic acid testing should be on high-risk people and staff in high-risk positions, as well as areas with epidemic situation.

It is necessary to publish the information of nucleic acid sampling points in time, feedback and update the test results in time.

To publish the information of sampling points in time, we can publish the sampling points to the public through official websites, clients, WeChat WeChat official account and public service applets, so that the public can choose the nearest points for nucleic acid sampling. In addition, we also guide local governments to constantly establish and improve electronic maps and update them in time to facilitate people’s inquiries and sampling nearby.

It is necessary to feed back and update the test results in time. After the testing organization completes the test, the relevant departments should synchronize the test results to the health code and other platforms in time, so that the public can find their own test results as soon as possible.

Nucleic acid detection sampling swab belongs to medical devices, not cotton swabs, and is non-toxic and harmless.

The sampling swab looks like a cotton swab, but it is not a cotton swab. It is made of polyester or nylon fiber, which is similar to the toothbrush in our daily life. The bristles of the toothbrush are also nylon, but in the process of making our sampling swab, millions of tiny fibers are vertically and evenly covered on the handle end of the swab. When we are sampling, we brush our teeth like a toothbrush, but it brushes the posterior pharyngeal wall in our mouth to take cells, and then puts the sampling swab into the sampling tube. Because it uses nylon and polyester, it is easy to take it off into the preservation solution, and then the relevant tests are carried out in the laboratory.

Sampling swab belongs to medical devices, its production environment and requirements are very strict, and there are also relevant standards for quality supervision. The most basic standard of one of our products is non-toxic and harmless, and harmful substances will not be produced in the production process of sampling swab.

For large-scale population screening, oropharyngeal swabs are generally used.

Samples include samples of lower respiratory tract, such as sputum, and samples of upper respiratory tract, such as nasopharyngeal swab and oropharyngeal swab. Among these swabs, the sputum virus content is the highest and the positive detection rate is the highest, followed by nasopharyngeal swabs and oropharyngeal swabs. As an infected person in Covid-19, dry cough was the main symptom in the early days, and sputum is not saliva, so it is difficult to obtain. The collection of nasopharyngeal swab requires a high level of operation of the sampler, and the sampling process is slow. Although the positive rate is higher than that of pharyngeal swab, it is generally not used for screening most people, but can be used for sampling isolated people. The sampling of oropharyngeal swab is relatively simple and fast, so we usually use oropharyngeal swab in large-scale population screening, although its detection rate is not as good as that of nasopharyngeal swab. As an anal swab, we don’t recommend it. Considering the discomfort of the taker and the low positive detection rate of anal swab, we don’t recommend sampling with anal swab.

There are three situations in which nucleic acid detection is negative for many times and then positive.

Nucleic acid test is negative for many times in a row, and finally it appears positive. Most people will not have it, but it has happened. It should be in these three situations: in the first case, this person was not infected at first, but infected at a later time, and then the test was positive after infection. Also, when we were in the incubation period, our test was not detected, and the test was positive after the onset. The third aspect, as mentioned above, is that although the virus was present at the beginning, its load could not reach the lower detection limit, and it was not detected at this time, but it was detected as soon as the load was high.

Those who take illegal and compulsory measures for nucleic acid detection will be required to rectify and correct in time.

Call on the masses to abide by the relevant provisions and requirements of epidemic prevention and control in accordance with the law, actively cooperate with the development of nucleic acid testing, fulfill their personal prevention and control obligations, and jointly promote the formation of a good social atmosphere for mass prevention and control.

For regions, units and individuals who take illegal and compulsory measures, the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council will require the relevant places to rectify and correct in time, and the media friends are also welcome to supervise.

1905 movie network news The movie key directed by,, and starring was postponed for the second time, and the release was extended to March 28th. As of press time, the cumulative box office of the film has reached 1.291 billion. Previously, the movie webcast was finalized, and it was launched on the online streaming media platform on February 14th.

The annual meeting can’t stop! As the box office champion in January, after entering February, it was impacted by the new film of the Spring Festival and the impact of webcasting, and it still won 149 million box office and temporarily ranked fifth in the box office list in February. Its strength should not be underestimated. The film tells the story that locksmith Hu Jianlin was transferred to the group headquarters by mistake and became a gold collar. At the annual meeting of the group, he exposed the corrupt executives of the factory and finally saved the factory. The film is joyful and ironic about the strange phenomenon in the workplace, which resonates with countless migrant workers.

Author’s preface：In the autumn of 2024, in the northern part of Stuttgart, Germany, the author started from Schwaikheim to Affalterbach (where Mercedes-Benz’s AMG department is located), the fast lane (up to 100 km/h) and ordinary city streets, and tested the latest Mercedes-Benz new energy vehicle EQE (which can be said to be the pure electric version of the E-class car). The author experienced the handling, comfort and automatic driving mode of the whole vehicle. The videos and pictures in the article were taken by the author or Mercedes-Benz colleagues in person.

Figure 1 The exterior of Mercedes-Benz EQE350 tested by the author 1

Basic parameters of Mercedes-Benz EQE

Length x width x height 4946X2103X1510, wheelbase 3120mm, cruising range 693km (WLTP road condition), battery capacity 90.5kWh, curb weight 3035kg and rated motor power 215kW.

Fig. 2 The exterior of Mercedes-Benz EQE350 tested by the author 2

Figure 3 Mercedes-Benz EQE350 interior tested by the author.

Static impression

Observing, EQE has abandoned the former style of being quite regular and business-oriented, and is close to the exterior of the coupe style as a whole, and the interior is still finely crafted, not forgetting the true colors of Mercedes-Benz; The ambient light that runs through the waistline of the whole vehicle has moved closer to China car companies; Mercedes-Benz has always been the leader of the industry (up to now, almost 90% of the armrest boxes of vehicles are modeled after Mercedes-Benz); What makes the author not particularly satisfied is the wood grain decorative board of the dashboard, which looks too "old school". In the digital and intelligent era, do you need to keep pace with the times here? !

The 90.5 kWh battery pack has a cruising range of 693 kilometers (WLTP), which is quite good for a motor vehicle with a curb weight of 3035 kg. DC fast charging power can reach 170kW, and it can be charged from 10% to 80% in 32 minutes, bid farewell to cruising range anxiety.

A variety of optional packages are dazzling: Advanced-Paket, Advanced-Plus-Paket, Premium-Paket, Premium-Plus-Paket, Night-Paket, from mobile phone integration, voice recognition, head-up display (HUD) to all kinds of assisted driving, including assisted autonomous driving.

Dynamic experience

　

Fig. 4 Photo of the author during the test drive of EQE350 (assisted autopilot mode)

The video author is on the way to test drive Mercedes-Benz EQE350.

The author often tells friends that if the driving mileage is also 500 kilometers, if you drive a Volkswagen Golf, you will feel that you have driven 500 kilometers after driving 500 kilometers. However, if you drive a Mercedes-Benz E-class car, you will feel that you have only driven 250 kilometers after driving 500 kilometers. This is the difference between the two cars. Handling, comfort and noise (NVH), Mercedes-Benz’s E-Class car has great advantages, which is not lost in EQE. Its handling and comfort are almost perfect. Of course, some models of China car companies, such as P7 of Xpeng Motors and M7 of Wenjie, have already caught up, and even BYD’s Yuan Plus EV is close in handling and comfort.

During the test drive, the author likes the constant-speed assisted autopilot mode: in the fast lane of the German town of Schwaikheim to Affalterbach, the author started the constant-speed cruise. Hands off the steering wheel, enter the "automatic driving" mode, drive in straight lines and corners, completely "automatic", and it will automatically slow down when there is a vehicle in front. It is very distinctive that if there is circular traffic ahead, it will automatically slow down when it recognizes circular traffic. However, it is up to the author to operate from which intersection to drive circular traffic. The steering wheel is equipped with a sensor to assist "automatic driving" for several minutes (? ), it (the vehicle) will prompt in the instrument cluster that the driver needs to hold the steering wheel again. After several times of prompting, the driver still does not hold the steering wheel, and it (the vehicle) will enter an emergency mode and automatically slow down to a stop to prevent the driver from "losing consciousness and losing control of the vehicle".

Headup-Display is a good configuration function and has the potential to replace mobile navigation.

price

The price of the EQE 350 test drive by the author is about 90,000 euros, equivalent to about 690,000 yuan. The entry price of EQE is 67,187 euros, about 520,000 yuan. Compared with M7 (starting from 250,000 yuan) or P7+(starting from 186,000 yuan) in Tucki, many car owners will ask, why?

1. The R&D cost of a single vehicle, if European car companies need 50 to 1 billion euros, equivalent to 3.85 to 7.7 billion yuan, while the R&D cost of bicycles of China car companies is only 350 to 700 million yuan, the gap is huge; If the R&D cost of bicycles is allocated to every vehicle sold (assuming that the sales volume of a single vehicle is 500,000 vehicles in its life cycle, and the gap of R&D cost allocation of bicycles is 7,000 to 14,000 yuan, the price gap of bicycles due to R&D cost allocation will be about 10,000 to 20,000 yuan.

2. Energy cost, taking electric energy as an example, is about 0.75 Euro/kWh in Europe, equivalent to 5.77 RMB/kWh, and the average industrial electricity consumption in China is 0.73 RMB/kWh, which is 8 times different! The energy cost difference of bicycles is about 3,500 yuan, and the price difference of bicycles is 5,000 yuan.

3. Labor cost, the average skilled worker in Europe is about 1 euro/minute, which is equivalent to RMB 7.7 yuan/minute, and the average skilled worker in China is 10 times (don’t misunderstand that the salary is 10 times, and various tax rates and social insurance (medical care, retirement, unemployment, etc.) in Europe are the main gaps), the labor cost of bicycles is about 10,000 yuan, and the price gap of bicycles is 150,000.

4. Material cost, the bicycle gap is expected to reach 70,000 to 160,000 RMB, especially in battery packs, motors, other electronic systems and wiring harnesses.

5. The premium gap of brands, the author does not make a detailed analysis here (interested readers can refer to an article published by the author in Geshi Automobile earlier, Brand Strategy of Automobile Enterprises).

Fig. 5 The author is on the way to test drive Mercedes-Benz EQE350.

To sum up, the total price gap at 1, 2, 3 and 4 o’clock is about 100,000 to 200,000 yuan, and the price gap between Mercedes-Benz EQE and the customer M7 or Tucki P7+ is not completely closed. With the passage of time, the gap in labor costs will continue to narrow. After reading this article, colleagues from China automobile companies and colleagues from European automobile companies can feel where there is a competitive advantage and where is the direction to catch up.

author　Dr. Liu xiaoyi(Founder and CEO of Guanyu Electromechanical Technology (www.costkey-solutions.com)), new production technology, vehicle planning (including new energy vehicles) and cost engineering of German Daimler Group (Mercedes-Benz) for more than 20 years; German physicist award winner; Expert in the automotive industry think tank of the "Changfeng Plan" of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology; High-level technical management of Great Wall Motor and Haichen Energy Storage; Author of Cost Engineering System of Manufacturing Enterprises, the key book of China Gongxin Publishing Group’s "National Heavy Equipment Publishing Project"; Graduate enterprise tutor of School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Visiting Professor, School of Automobile, Tongji University; Talent Exchange Center of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology/China Automobile Industry Training Base/Special Lecturer of Cost Engineering of Gao Dun Institute of Finance and Taxation; Author of Gai Shi Automobile’s Liu Xiaoyi Column; CostKey is the first SaaS software system of cloud enterprise-level cost engineering independently developed by Guanyu Electromechanical Technology in China, and won the Innovation Fund Award of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission.