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1. Application status of invention patent in high-tech field

　　According to the classification scheme of high-tech industries (24 small industries) researched and formulated by the Ministry of Science and Technology and the international patent classification (IPC), the comparison table between industrial classification and international patent classification is established (see Annex 1). According to this comparison table, the number of invention patent applications in high-tech industries from 1997 to 1999 is counted (see Table 2). This paper briefly analyzes the situation of inter-industry and domestic patent application.

　　First, look at the development of the four major industries (see Table 1). In terms of the total amount, it was basically the same in 1997 and 1998, but it decreased in 1999, mainly due to the large decrease in foreign applications (the decrease was about 40%). Domestic applications have maintained a growth momentum, with an average annual growth rate of 14.2%, with a surge of 40% in 1999 compared with 1998, making the applications for invention patents in high-tech fields received by China in 1999 equally divided between domestic and foreign countries; Among them, "computer and office equipment manufacturing" has the fastest growth, with an annual growth rate of nearly 19 percentage points, followed by "electronic and communication equipment manufacturing", with an average annual growth rate of about 17%, which indicates the development of science and technology and the progress of these two industries in owning independent intellectual property rights to some extent. Although domestic applications in high-tech fields have increased by a large margin, they accounted for only about 4% of the total domestic applications in that year, which is still far from the 20% of foreign applications in high-tech fields.

　　Secondly, look at the development of various industries. As can be seen from Table 2, the industries with the highest number of applications have basically changed little in the past three years. Among them, there are four industries in which the number of domestic applications accounts for more than half of the total number of domestic and foreign applications (the number in 1999): ① "chemical preparation manufacturing" (mainly Chinese patent medicine manufacturing), ② "computer external equipment manufacturing", ③ "biological products manufacturing" and ④ "chemical raw material manufacturing". ① ② The two industries have always maintained great advantages, accounting for about 60% to 80% of the total patent applications at home and abroad; It is particularly noteworthy that in 1999, the number of foreign applications decreased by more than two times compared with the previous year, but the number of domestic applications increased by four times, making nearly 90% of applications in this field domestic, which is of great significance to changing the situation that the biological product technology market is monopolized by foreign patents. But generally speaking, among the applications for invention patents involving high-tech industries accepted by our bureau, those with relatively high technical content, dominant economic competition and international competitiveness are still mainly from abroad.

　　Finally, look at the application status of major countries in China. This paper takes the United States, Japan, Germany and South Korea, four countries with developed economies and patents, as the objects, and makes statistics on the application status in China during the three years from 1997 to 1999 (see Table 3). Generally speaking, compared with foreign applications to China in that year, the applications from the four countries all accounted for more than half; Especially, "electronic and communication equipment manufacturing" and "computer and office equipment manufacturing" are outstanding, accounting for about 90% of the total number of foreign applications, which has obvious advantages over similar domestic applications. Take the "electronic and communication equipment manufacturing industry", which has the fastest development, the widest application scope and the largest consumer market, as an example. In 1997, the number of domestic applications was only one seventh of that of foreign applications in China (only 35.4% of Japanese applications in China). By 1999, although this situation had improved, foreign applications still accounted for 80%. At present, applications in this field in China are mainly made by Panasonic, Sony, Hitachi and NEC in Japan, Motorola and IBM in the United States, and Samsung and Hyundai in South Korea. These are the major brands that monopolize China’s electronics and communication market today. Although state-owned brands are also striving to expand their market share, they are still at a disadvantage in terms of innovation, market competitiveness and brand awareness.

　　2. Analysis of invention patent authorization

　　(1) Analysis and comparison of authorized cumulative quantity

　　From 1985 to August 18, 2000, there were more than 98,000 applications for ending the examination procedure of domestic invention patent applications, of which more than 21,000 were authorized to be announced. Compared with the number of domestic invention patent applications of more than 145,000, the settlement rate was about 68%.

　　In contrast, from 1985 to now, there are about 82,000 applications for foreign invention patent applications that have ended the examination procedure, of which more than 31,000 are authorized to announce. Compared with the number of foreign invention patent applications of more than 166,000, the settlement rate is about 50%, of which authorization accounts for 38% of the closed cases and authorization accounts for 19% of the applications.

　　Judging from the total number of applications and the total authorized amount, domestic invention patent applications account for 46.6% of the total invention patent applications, and foreign invention patent applications account for 53.4% of the total invention patent applications; Domestic invention patents accounted for 40.2% of the total invention patents granted, and foreign invention patents accounted for 59.8% of the total invention patents granted.

　　(2) Analysis and comparison of hot areas of technological innovation.

　　From the perspective of authorization rate, there is still a big gap between domestic invention patent applications and foreign invention patent applications. On the whole, although domestic invention patent applications and authorization are at a disadvantage, we still have advantages in some technical fields.

　　(a) Comparison of ten hot areas of technological innovation

　　From the statistical results, the top ten IPC categories in the cumulative amount of invention patent authorization in China are (see Table 1):

　　As can be seen from Table 1, among the top ten IPC categories in China, seven categories not only have a large number of patents granted, but also account for more than 50% of the domestic patents granted, which reflects that these categories have relatively strong technological development strength, active research and development, rapid technological development, and a large share of high-level technological innovation, so there are more new technologies and new products, and the upgrading of new technologies and new products is also faster. For example, in A61, the development of new products and technologies represented by traditional Chinese medicine, health care drugs and cosmetics is very active and of high quality.

　　Correspondingly, the top ten IPC categories in the cumulative amount of foreign invention patents granted in China are (see Table 2):

　　As can be seen from Table 2, among the top ten IPC categories of foreign invention patents, five categories are the same as those of domestic invention patents, but the order is different. It shows that in some hot areas, the development trend of domestic science and technology is basically consistent with that of the international community, but it is not synchronized.

　　(b) Changes in ten hot areas of technological innovation

　　In recent years, the top ten changes in the cumulative amount of domestic invention patents can better reflect the distribution, development and changes of domestic technological innovations with independent intellectual property rights in the technical field. The following table lists these changes.

　　As can be seen from Table 3, except that the number of authorization announcements in the first year is too small to be statistically significant, there are only two categories that rank first in the number of authorizations in each year. Before 1994, it was G01, and then it was A61. G01 category has been declining since 1994, and began to disappear from the top ten in 1999, which reflects that the technology development activities of G01 category are weakening in recent years. Before A61 was ranked as the first authorized category in 1994, it basically kept fluctuating among the top ten. After the revision of the patent law in 1992, the restrictions on traditional Chinese medicine and other drugs were liberalized, which was the main reason for A61′ s long-term ranking first.

　　3. Patent application status

　　In 2000, our bureau accepted a total of 170,682 applications for three kinds of patents, an increase of 36,443 over the previous year’s 134,239, with a growth rate of 27.1%.

　　By December 31st, 2000, our bureau had accepted 1,166,427 patent applications. Among them, there are 972,860 domestic patent applications, accounting for 83.4% of the total number of patent applications; There are 193,567 foreign patent applications, accounting for 16.6% of the total number of patent applications.

　　Since 1994, our bureau has officially become a member of PCT, and as of December 31, 2000, we have received 1,767 international applications. Received 1,709 international application search books and completed 1,299 international search reports; Received 903 requests for international preliminary examination and completed 698 international preliminary examination reports; International applications for entering the domestic stage in China: 59,419 inventions and 19 utility models. In 2000, 746 international applications were received; Received 671 international application search books and completed 364 international search reports; Received 267 requests for international preliminary examination and completed 230 international preliminary examination reports; International applications for entering the domestic stage in China: 15,798 inventions and 4 utility models.

　　The characteristics of patent applications in 2000 are as follows: (1) According to the number of three kinds of patent applications, there were 51,747 invention patent applications, up 41.0% from 36,694 in the previous year; There were 68,815 applications for utility model patents, up 19.7% from 57,492 in the previous year; There were 50,120 applications for design patents, up 25.1% from 40,053 in the previous year. (2) From the domestic and foreign composition, domestic applications are mainly utility model and design patents, accounting for 81.9%; Foreign applications are mainly invention patents, accounting for 87.0%. (3) judging from the composition of the three kinds of patents, domestic applications for invention patents have developed by leaps and bounds. In 2000, there were 25,346 applications, an increase of 62.5% over the same period of last year, making the number of domestic and foreign applications for invention patents equally divided; Domestic applications for utility models and designs account for more than 90% of the total.

　　4. Distribution of patent applications by region, industry and country

　　In 2000, the ranking of domestic patent applications by provinces and cities changed compared with the previous year. The top ten provinces and cities were: Guangdong, Shanghai, Taiwan Province, Beijing, Zhejiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Sichuan and Fujian.

　　In 2000, the number of patent applications from domestic industrial and mining enterprises was 45,862, an increase of 40.5% over the previous year’s 32,636; The number of patent applications from domestic colleges and universities was 2,924, an increase of 65.3% over the previous year’s 1,769; The number of patent applications from domestic scientific research institutes was 4,122, an increase of 35.2% over the previous year’s 3,048.

　　As of December 31st, 2000, there were 105 countries and regions that applied for patents in China. In 2000, there were 71 countries and regions that applied for patents in China, and there were 6 new countries: Vatican (2), Andorra, Dominican Republic, Estonia, Morocco and Vietnam (1 each). The top ten countries and regions in terms of applications are: Japan, the United States, Germany, South Korea, France, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Sweden and Italy.

　　5. Distribution of patent applications in various technical fields

　　In 2000, according to IPC classification, 116,769 patent applications for inventions and utility models were completed, an increase of 19.5% over the previous year’s 97,753.

　　Judging from the classification of invention patent applications in 2000, its characteristics are as follows: (1) Applications for medical, dental and cosmetic preparations (A61K) ranked first in the total number of applications for the tenth consecutive year, of which domestic applications accounted for nearly 70%; Applications related to electronic digital data processing (G06F) rank second, and domestic and foreign applications are basically equally divided; (2) The application for peptide and amino acid (C07K) was a hot spot in the growth of domestic applications in 2000, ranking second in the domestic rankings, and the application for drugs (A61K) and electronic digital data processing (G06F) ranked third in the domestic rankings for the fifth consecutive year; (3) The foreign applications are mainly about heterocyclic compounds (C07D), information storage (G11B) and transit switching equipment (H04Q), which account for more than 80% of the total applications.

　　Since more than 95% of utility model patents are domestic applications, the ranking actually reflects the status of domestic utility model applications: applications for containers or packages for storing or transporting substances (B65D) have been in the first place for eight consecutive years, and applications for valves, ventilation, inflatable devices, etc. (F16K), electronic digital data processing (G06F) and door and window devices, etc. (E06B) are among the best.

　　6. Examination and approval of patent applications

　　By December 31st, 2000, China Patent Office had granted a total of 636,385 patents. In 2000, 105,345 patents were granted, up 5.2% from 100,156 in the previous year.

　　In 2000, 38,290 invention patent applications were published. In 2001, 33,449 requests for actual examination of invention patents took effect. In the substantive examination, 961 applications for invention patents were rejected and 5,820 were withdrawn. 12,683 invention patents were granted, an increase of 66.1% over the previous year’s 7,637.

　　In 2000, 54,743 utility model patents were granted, a decrease of 2.9% compared with 56,368 in the previous year; 273 cases were rejected and 9,841 cases were withdrawn.

　　In 2000, 37,919 design patents were granted, an increase of 4.9% over the previous year’s 36,151; 21 cases were rejected and 4,543 cases were withdrawn.

　　Table 1: Statistics of three kinds of patent applications at home and abroad in 2000 by job and non-job respectively.

　　Table 2: Distribution of job and non-job applications in China in 2000

　　Table 3: Distribution of Domestic Job Applications from 1997 to 2000

　　Table 4: Top Ten Foreign Companies and Enterprises with Applications in 2000

　　Table 5: Top Ten Colleges and Universities with Domestic Applications in 2000

　　Table 6: Top Ten Research Institutes with Domestic Applications in 2000

　　Table 7: Top Ten Industrial and Mining Enterprises with Domestic Applications in 2000

　　Table 8: Top Ten Provinces and Cities with Domestic Applications in 2000

　　Table 9: Top Ten Countries with Foreign Applications in 2000

　　Table 10: Classification of Invention and Utility Model Patent Applications by IPC in 2000

　　Table 11: the top ten categories of invention patent applications in 2000 according to IPC classification

　　Table 12: the top ten categories of utility model patent applications in 2000 according to IPC classification

　　Table 13: Approval Status of Three Kinds of Patent Applications at Home and Abroad in 2000

　　7. Technical development prospect of biological fertilizer

　　"Bio-fertilizer" technology refers to the technology that crops get specific fertilizer efficiency by the life activities of organisms. It includes two kinds of inventions: the invention of using organisms to prepare fertilizers and the invention of fertilizer products containing organisms, and the latter invention accounts for the vast majority.

　　In fact, the research and application of bio-fertilizer in China began shortly after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. At first, leguminous plants were inoculated with rhizobia. In 1950s, autotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus bacteria and silicate bacteria were introduced from the Soviet Union. In 1960s, China successfully developed actinomycetes "5406" antibiotic fertilizer and nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria fertilizer. From 1970s to 1980s, VA mycorrhiza made of soil fungi was developed, which improved the phosphorus nutrition conditions of plants and increased water use efficiency. From 1980s to 1990s, China successively applied combined nitrogen-fixing bacteria and bio-potassium fertilizer as seed dressing agents, and recently developed to popularize the application of bio-fertilizer made of rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria and organic fertilizer as base fertilizer.

　　Since the implementation of China’s patent law in 1985, the number of patent applications for biological fertilizers has changed as shown in Figure 1.

　　As can be seen from Figure 1, the patent application for bio-fertilizer increased rapidly in 1991, and now it has reached about 30 patent applications every year. It is believed that with the continuous development of high and new technologies in China, especially biotechnology, and the continuous pursuit of modern agriculture, the number of patent applications for bio-fertilizer will also increase, which will have a far-reaching impact on China’s agriculture.

　　We believe that the following aspects are the development trends of bio-fertilizer in China at present and in the future:

　　(1) Development from single biological strain to compound multi-strain

　　Because the fertilizer efficiency of microbial fertilizer is not the result of single function, it will inevitably develop into the compound of many bacteria. At present, domestic microbial fertilizers tend to combine rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria and other microbial strains to form a variety of synergistic effects by using different mechanisms of different biological strains on crops, so it is inevitable to develop from a single biological strain to a compound multi-strain direction.

　　(2) Development from inoculants to compound bio-fertilizers.

　　Because it is difficult to meet the demand of the vast farmland for fertilizer by using effective fungi as inoculants for crop seed dressing fertilizer. Farmland soil is hardened due to the decreasing application of farm manure, which affects the fertility base. This phenomenon has become the biggest obstacle to the further development of agriculture in China. Using biological compound fertilizer composed of microbial fungi and organic fertilizer matrix can greatly increase the beneficial flora in rhizosphere and increase the active organic matter and nutrient elements in soil, which is the mainstream direction of microbial fertilizer in the future.

　　(3) From single function to multi-function.

　　Although the mechanism of action on microorganisms in the field of bio-fertilizer has been debated for many years, the basic consensus is that the functions of various microorganisms are not single. For example, some nitrogen-fixing bacteria can not only fix nitrogen, but also inhibit germs, some insecticidal bacteria can also inhibit bacteria, and many soil microorganisms can stimulate plant growth. With the deepening of people’s understanding of bio-fertilizer, it is bound to put forward higher and more comprehensive requirements for this kind of fertilizer, which requires bio-fertilizer to have comprehensive functions such as improving plant nutrition, stimulating growth and inhibiting bacteria. Therefore, in the future, bio-fertilizer should develop in a multi-functional direction, which requires not only its fertilizer efficiency, improving crop quality and appearance, but also its multiple functions such as preventing and controlling crop diseases and insect pests and adjusting crop maturity.

　　(4) Development from spore-free bacteria to spore-bearing bacteria.

　　The rhizobia and nitrogen-fixing fungi used in the existing biological fertilizers belong to spore-free fungi. Because Bacillus-free bacteria are not resistant to high temperature and drying, their stress resistance is low, and they are not resistant to storage, so they have to adopt liquid form or adsorb microbial strains in some carriers, such as peat or vermiculite, for convenience of storage and transportation. However, with the continuous expansion of the application scope and the increasing dosage of bio-fertilizers, it is difficult to transport and fertilize liquid or adsorbed bio-fertilizers, especially to commercialize them. In order to change the dosage form of microbial fertilizer, it is necessary to update the strains. The above situation can be avoided by using Bacillus as the strain in the bio-fertilizer. For example, at present, many patent applications have proposed to select Bacillus B.megatherium, Bacillus B.polymyxa and Bacillus B.mucilaginosus. These Bacillus and their variants can withstand high temperature and drought, so the bio-fertilizer containing these strains can be dried into dry powder or formed into particles, so as to be stored for a long time.

　　With the increasing attention of society to environmental protection and the development of ecological agriculture, China’s bio-fertilizer is bound to develop greatly. More than 70 countries in the world have been vigorously promoting the application of microbial fertilizer, and its application ratio has reached more than half of the total agricultural fertilizer in developed countries in Europe and America, and it is gradually replacing chemical fertilizer products. Although research work has been carried out in China for nearly 50 years, and there are hundreds of manufacturers, its scale, depth, breadth and application have lagged behind developed countries.

　　8. Nanotechnology Analysis and Prediction

　　At present, nanotechnology is in a period of rapid development. The number of patent applications for nano-materials and technologies has increased sharply. From the perspective of patent applications in China, there are about 312 in total, of which domestic ones are the main ones. Since 1997, there have been about 149 inventions, including 136 inventions, mainly from scientific research institutes, universities and large enterprises in China. According to the derwent database, there have been a lot of foreign applications for nano-materials and technologies in recent one or two years. The number of applications in several major hot areas in the past 99 years is now counted in Table 1.

　　Analysis:

　　A) The number of applications is relatively concentrated in China, the United States, Germany, Japan and South Korea.

　　B) The contents of the application can be roughly divided into three categories: first, nanomaterials and their developed products; second, preparation methods and devices; and third, the application of nanomaterials. As far as chemistry is concerned, nanomaterials mainly involve the development and application of metals or nonmetals and their oxides, coating compositions, polymer nanocomposites, catalysts, ceramics, alloys, single crystals and medical or cosmetic preparations, and carbon nanotubes.

　　C) Most domestic applications involve material preparation methods; There are relatively many applications involved in foreign applications.

　　D) In terms of preparation methods, besides the traditional sol-gel method and pyrolysis method, there are also gas-phase and solid-phase methods, and modern technologies such as radiation, ultrasound and laser are added.

　　E) The products developed with nano-materials involve various fields, and are concentrated in ceramics, coatings and medical or cosmetic preparations at home and abroad; Foreign applications are higher than domestic ones, such as magnets and optical components.

　　Forecast:

　　A) From next year, foreign countries may apply to China in large quantities, mainly focusing on materials, developed products and their applications. At the same time, domestic applications will also increase, mainly focusing on developed products, methods and devices.

　　B) In the field of organic chemistry, the applications of three kinds of nano-lubricating materials, such as organic macromolecule modified nano-particle lubricating oil additives, solid lubricating coatings for enhancing adhesion, nano-particle reinforced polymer composite materials or reinforced metal-polymer multilayer composite materials, and ultra-thin organic lubricating films, will gradually increase.

　　C) Recently, the patent application of carbon nanotubes is still a hot spot, and carbon nanotube arrays will make new progress.

　　D) In the future, applications for promising hydrogen fuel sources, information technology, preparation of nanoparticles with bioactive substances, and nanomaterials that can be used in the fields of pharmacy, medicine and cosmetics will continue to increase.

　　9. Mobile communication technology analysis and patent application prediction

　　In recent years, mobile communication technology has developed rapidly, and its patent applications account for a large proportion in China’s communication field. The number of patent applications in 2000 was basically the same as that in 1999. The proportion of patent applications in major countries and regions in 1999-2000 is shown in Figure 1, and the proportion of patent applications in major companies is shown in Figure 2.

　　From the statistical data, we can see that the number of applications is relatively concentrated in several communication companies in the United States, Japan, Europe and South Korea, such as Nippon Electric, Lucent of the United States, Samsung of South Korea, etc., while the number of applications for mobile communication patents of Chinese communication companies has increased slightly. From the perspective of patented technology, it mainly focuses on power control, diversity reception, switching, terminal equipment and so on.

　　At present, because communication companies are actively developing the third generation mobile communication products, it is expected that in the future, patent applications such as smart antenna technology, baseband processing, power control technology, switching technology, congestion control, resource allocation and management will be the hot spots of patent applications. In addition, a patent application will also be filed for the small image mobile terminal technology applying the wireless access protocol (WAP).

　　Therefore, it is expected that the patent application in the field of mobile communication technology is still a hot spot in patent application in China; In the future, the number and proportion of patent applications of domestic communication companies will increase.

() The business review of the Board of Directors in the first half of 2023 is as follows:

　　I. Description of the industry and main business of the company during the reporting period.

　　(a) the industry situation

　　1. The global economic and trade recovery is tortuous, and the domestic economy is picking up.

　　In terms of global economy, the World Trade Organization will increase the growth rate of global trade from 1% predicted in the fourth quarter of 2022 to 1.7% in 2023, and predict that the growth rate will rebound to 3.2% in 2024. The International Monetary Fund predicts that the global economic growth rate will be 3.0% in 2023 and 2024. At the same time, Asian emerging markets and developing economies represented by China and India will lead the world with economic growth rates of 5.3%(2023) and 5.0%(2024). However, many institutions, including the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization, also pointed out that the prospect of global economic and trade recovery in 2023 is not clear, and it will always face the impact of negative factors such as high inflation expectations and the impact of the financial system. At the same time, the trend of trade regionalization and the risk of decoupling and breaking the supply chain will inhibit the recovery of global economic and trade activities.

　　In terms of China’s economy, according to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, China’s GDP increased by 5.5% year-on-year in the first half of the year, and the overall economic growth rate rebounded, ranking among the leading economies. According to the import and export trade data released by the General Administration of Customs, the scale of import and export trade in the first half of the year exceeded 20 trillion yuan for the first time in the same period, reaching 20.1 trillion yuan, up 2.1% year-on-year. Among them, ASEAN and the "Belt and Road" countries have had a positive pulling effect on supporting China’s import and export scale. In the first half of the year, the total import and export trade between China and countries along the Belt and Road reached 6.9 trillion yuan, accounting for 34.3% of China’s total import and export value in the same period, up 9.8% year-on-year; The total import and export trade with ASEAN reached 3.1 trillion yuan, up 5.4% year-on-year, maintaining its position as the largest trading partner. With the deepening of regional industrial chain cooperation and international economic and trade cooperation led by China, China’s import and export trade will maintain a steady and positive growth trend.

　　2. Air freight supply recovered, demand weakened, and revenue declined significantly.

　　Domestically, according to data from the Civil Aviation Administration, as the civil aviation industry as a whole entered a stage of rapid recovery, the total cargo and mail turnover of civil aviation in the first half of 2023 was 12.65 billion tons kilometers, an increase of 1.9% over the same period of 2019, and the transportation production level of the industry basically recovered to the level of 2019. Internationally, the global air cargo demand has weakened due to factors such as the high inflation level of major economies in the world and the weak overall growth of the world economy. According to the data released by IATA, the global air cargo demand in the first half of 2023 decreased by 8.1% year-on-year, 5.9% compared with the same period in 2019; With the rapid recovery of the belly cabin of international passenger aircraft, the global air transport capacity supply (available tons and kilometers of mail) exceeded the level of the same period in 2019 for the first time from April 2023, with a year-on-year increase of 9.9% in the first half of 2023 and an increase of 0.9% compared with the same period in 2019.

　　IATA, the international air transport association, recently lowered the forecast value of air cargo revenue of global civil aviation industry in 2023 from the previous value of $149.4 billion to $142.3 billion, which was significantly lower than the revenue scale in 2021 ($210 billion) and 2022 ($207.3 billion).

　　3. Policy tools to cultivate the kinetic energy of aviation logistics development.

　　The strategy of strengthening the country by transportation is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee. As an important part of a strong country by transportation and a leading industry under the new development pattern, aviation logistics plays an important strategic supporting role in building a high-quality "double-cycle" system, such as serving the domestic demand market consumption upgrade, serving China manufacturing to climb the hill and push brands out to sea. In the first half of this year, the Ministry of Transport, the Civil Aviation Administration and other relevant government departments successively issued a number of support and standardization policies for China’s aviation logistics industry. In January, 2023, the Civil Aviation Administration issued the "Guide to the Work of Keeping Aviation Logistics Smooth and Smooth", aiming at establishing and improving the system and mechanism of aviation logistics and giving full play to the basic guarantee role of aviation logistics in the industrial chain and supply chain; In February 2023, the People’s Bank of China, the Ministry of Transport and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission jointly issued the Notice on Further Improving Financial Support and Services in the Field of Transportation and Logistics, and effectively increased the financial sector’s support for the transportation industry through various policy tools; In March 2023, the Ministry of Transport, the State Railway Administration, the Civil Aviation Administration and other departments jointly issued the "Five-year Action Plan for Accelerating the Construction of a Transport Power (2023 -2027)", taking various measures to help China build a safer, higher quality, more efficient, fairer and more sustainable civil aviation construction system; In July 2023, the Civil Aviation Administration issued the Guiding Opinions on Printing and Implementing the Overall Deployment of Digital China Construction and Accelerating the Construction and Development of Smart Civil Aviation, aiming at better coordinating the construction of new infrastructure and activating the potential of data elements.Give full play to the role of smart civil aviation construction as an innovation engine in promoting the high-quality development of civil aviation.

　　4. The operation of industrial logistics and aviation logistics has maintained a recovery trend, and sub-sectors have created new engines for growth.

　　According to the data released by the National Development and Reform Commission, the total logistics of industrial products nationwide in the first half of 2023 was 146.8 trillion yuan, accounting for 91.4%, up 3.8% year-on-year, maintaining a recovery trend. With the in-depth implementation of China’s innovation-driven strategy, industrial upgrading has been solidly promoted, new kinetic energy has grown rapidly, and the support for industrial production has been continuously enhanced. According to the data released by the General Administration of Customs, in the first half of 2023, China’s exports of industrial products increased by 3.3% year-on-year, and the development trend of high-end, intelligent and green industries was obvious. Driven by the rapid growth of exports of "new three kinds" (new energy vehicles, photovoltaic modules and lithium batteries), China’s exports of mechanical and electrical products increased by 6.3% year-on-year in the first half of 2023, accounting for 58.2% of the total export value. According to Seabury, a professional service organization in the aviation industry, the total value of China’s air import and export from January to May 2023 exceeded US$ 312.4 billion, which has basically recovered to the same period in 2019; The total import and export cargo by air is 1.825 million tons, which has recovered to 91.1% in 2019. The categories of cargo are mainly industrial logistics represented by high technology (including 3C equipment, medical equipment, semiconductors, etc.), machinery and equipment parts (all kinds of manufacturing-related parts, etc.), raw materials, chemicals and pharmaceuticals (including pharmaceutical products, testing reagents, etc.), electromechanical equipment, automobiles and parts. With the slowdown of inflation in major developed economies in Europe and America and the gradual restoration of confidence in overseas markets, it will help stimulate economic activities, have a positive impact on demand and further support China’s exports.

　　(1) New forces at sea help cross-border e-commerce to open up growth space.

　　According to the preliminary statistics of the Customs, the advantages and potential of cross-border e-commerce in "buying the world and selling the world" continued to be released in the first half of this year, with the import and export reaching 1.1 trillion yuan, up 16% year-on-year. Among them, exports reached 821 billion yuan, up by 19.9%, and imports reached 276 billion yuan, up by 5.7%, which continued to maintain a good development momentum and effectively helped China’s foreign trade to stabilize its scale and optimize its structure. The expanding global e-commerce market has brought huge development space for China’s cross-border e-commerce business, and the international market’s acceptance and recognition of China-made and China-made brands going to sea has been increasing, which will promote the rapid growth of China’s cross-border e-commerce demand. As a representative of the new generation of offshore platforms, TEMU has successively opened up markets in Europe, Japan and other countries after the American market. TikTok has continuously deepened its social content e-commerce and exerted its strength in the Southeast Asian market, and the total commodity transaction volume GMV has hit record highs.

　　Focusing on the two key elements of market and product, the company comprehensively improves the capabilities of cross-border e-commerce logistics market development, product operation and maintenance, front-end collection and terminal distribution, grasps the overall situation of development, improves the ability to develop cross-border e-commerce market in South China represented by Shenzhen, speeds up the distribution of resources, increases investment capacity, enriches the layout of aviation network in South China, and enhances its competitiveness in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

　　(2) China contract logistics enterprises to speed up the layout of the sea.

　　In recent years, China’s high-tech and high-value-added products and related industries have greatly accelerated the expansion of overseas markets, and gradually occupied a dominant position in China’s export structure. For example, the "new three kinds" of foreign trade, which continues to heat up, has become a new growth point for the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry. The contract logistics enterprises in China also actively responded to the global expansion of China manufacturing, and gradually accelerated the layout speed of the global logistics service network. In addition to the traditional Southeast Asian market, more and more local contract logistics enterprises in China are going to Latin America, Africa, Europe and the United States with manufacturing and consumer brands, and building a global logistics infrastructure network led by American enterprises.

　　The company constantly tries to integrate overseas logistics enterprises with network advantages in various ways to provide customers with "one-stop" comprehensive logistics solutions. In February, 2023, the company officially launched its self-developed online sales platform "Orange Swallow". Through cooperation with many overseas online platforms, it provided a number of important trade channels with Shanghai as the anchor point, traveling to and from Europe, America and the Asia-Pacific region, and further deepened the development of the global freight market.

　　(3) Accelerate the construction of high-quality cross-border cold chain logistics service system.

　　The National "14th Five-Year Plan for Cold Chain Logistics Development" points out that as China has turned to a high-quality development stage, the industry has accelerated to the middle and high end of the global value chain, and modern agriculture, food industry, pharmaceutical industry and service industry are facing an overall upgrade. The demand for high-quality, refined and personalized cold chain logistics services is growing day by day, so it is necessary to vigorously develop aviation cold chain logistics for high-end fresh food and pharmaceutical products. According to the data of the General Administration of Customs, China’s imported meat and edible aquatic products increased by 9.5% and 30% respectively in the first half of this year. Fruit imports from ASEAN reached 40.54 billion yuan, up 24.1% year-on-year, among which fresh durian increased by as much as 65%. ASOEX, a Chilean fruit exporter association, points out that China is the main export destination of Chilean cherries. In 2022-2023, Chile exported 372,000 tons of Chilean cherries to China, accounting for 97% of the total export volume of Chilean cherries in Asia. According to the data of Norwegian Seafood Bureau, the value of salmon imported by China from Norway in the first half of this year was 1.97 billion yuan, an increase of 95% over the same period last year.

　　The company set up a wholly-owned subsidiary, Fresh Port (Ningbo) Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Fresh Port Company") in Ningbo, focusing on cross-border direct procurement of fresh food. With the advantages of Ningbo Port and its own air transport resources, it has built a fresh port model integrating port service, cold chain transportation, cold chain storage, processing and trading, and continuously expanded the categories of imported fresh food. In the first half of the year, the company and Box Horse jointly purchased and introduced high-quality fruits such as mangosteen, durian, mango and dragon palace fruit from Thailand to Shangchao channel through Ningbo. On this basis, the company plans to replicate the fresh port model to many places in China, and with the help of the increasingly perfect cold chain logistics supply chain, send more foreign high-quality fresh products to China to meet the increasingly diversified needs of consumers in China.

　　(2) Main business information

　　1. Air Express

　　China Eastern Airlines Logistics provides customers with air cargo logistics services covering major international and domestic airline networks by means of all-cargo transportation and passenger cabin transportation. By the end of the reporting period, the company owned 17 all-cargo planes, including 15 B777 and 2 B747. The company’s all-cargo flights reach many international cities such as Los Angeles, Chicago, Frankfurt, Amsterdam and new york. The belly cabin transportation of passenger aircraft mainly relies on the global route of China Eastern Airlines. Through SkyTeam, code sharing and SPA agreement, the route network reaches 1,088 destinations in 184 countries and regions around the world. Relying on the competitive advantages of air express business, such as fast transportation speed, large spatial span, safe and accurate transportation, and being not limited by geographical conditions, the company has continuously increased its own transportation capacity to build an air express product system covering express, special freight and general goods with different transportation timeliness and product service requirements, thus contributing to the optimization and upgrading of China’s industrial structure, the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry and the brand’s going out to sea.

　　2. Integrated ground services

　　Ground comprehensive services include cargo terminal operation, multimodal transport, warehousing business, etc. Fast and efficient ground comprehensive services not only reduce the time cost and transportation cost of aviation logistics enterprises, but also provide convenience for broadening logistics channels and improving the accessibility of cargo transportation, which is a necessary extension and core guarantee link of aviation logistics.

　　(1) Cargo Terminal Operation

　　The company has 17 self-operated cargo terminals and 1.5 million square meters of storage area and operation site nationwide, and has built the unique advantages of domestic cargo terminals and storage ground service network. On this basis, it has further improved the development, design and marketing capabilities of innovative products and services for ground services, empowered the operation of air cargo terminals through digital intelligence construction, and provided partners with ground services including assembling, tally, transit, and information processing of inbound and outbound documents.

　　(2) Multimodal transport

　　The company improves the operational efficiency and service level of multimodal transport services by accelerating the improvement of informatization and intelligence, opening up the freight information chain and realizing information sharing, and provides customers with multimodal transport services such as truck flight services for inbound and outbound goods, short ground connection between cargo stations and other additional services provided according to customer needs.

　　(3) warehousing business

　　In addition to general cargo storage in airport cargo terminals, the company has diversified special storage resources such as temperature-controlled cargo warehouses (including cold storage, freezer and constant temperature warehouses), dangerous goods warehouses, precious goods warehouses, live animal warehouses and out-of-gauge cargo warehouses, which are rare in China and can meet the storage needs of special goods, and also provides storage services in customs supervision areas for international import and export goods.

　　3. Integrated logistics solutions

　　The company deeply cultivates integrated high-end logistics solutions, seizes the strategic opportunity of China enterprises to improve supply chain efficiency and establish an independent and controllable global supply chain system, deeply digs into customers’ demand for supply chain upgrade, highlights the "timeliness" and the value of having airline transportation resources, and provides high-end logistics solutions that are different from other competitors in resource-advantaged regions and markets, so as to create a supply chain system with the capabilities of information management, inventory control, lean delivery and multimodal transport, and provide customers with customized and efficient high-end logistics "China Eastern Airlines Scheme".

　　(1) Cross-border e-commerce solutions

　　At present, cross-border e-commerce has injected new momentum into China’s foreign trade development. The company makes full use of the advantages of Pudong Airport’s port and trunk resources to provide direct mail customs clearance services, domestic operations, container warehouse operations, international air transportation and other basic services for the logistics needs of e-commerce sellers, e-commerce platforms, independent stations and cooperative logistics service providers. At the same time, by integrating overseas customs clearance, transshipment and tail-end delivery supplier resources, we will provide sellers and platform customers with cross-border export logistics services in the whole process or "port+warehousing" to enhance the company’s full chain service level, comprehensive service capability and international competitiveness.

　　(2) Direct origin solution

　　Direct origin is committed to building a global high-end renewable animal protein and fruit and vegetable fast cold chain service integrator: providing one-stop supply chain services from overseas origin to designated locations in China, such as overseas fresh food collection, factory delivery, international transportation, customs clearance and port temporary processing. Fresh transportation can provide customers with customized charter flights, ships and cabins, as well as sea-air combined transport, international transit transport, domestic distribution and warehouse delivery services; Fresh trade services can provide customers with flexible and diverse trade forms such as FOB (fob), CIF (CIF) and CNF (CIF (excluding insurance)); Fresh port service can provide customers with value-added services such as port temporary storage, subcontracting and initial processing. The place of origin goes directly to the information platform of Feilai Fresh, which connects all links of overseas factories, means of transport and domestic sales channels, and helps the high-end import and export fresh supply chain system become more agile, smarter and more transparent. With faster speed, better quality and more assured supply chain service, China Eastern Airlines’ direct production area meets the people’s desire for a better life.

　　(3) Supply chain of peer projects

　　The inter-bank supply chain project mainly provides standardized air transport and ground integrated services for customers in postal, express and air freight forwarding industries; In addition, according to the needs of some customers, based on the linkage effect formed by self-owned routes and cargo terminals, we provide customers with "port-to-port" cross-border transit aging products. This business integrates the advantages of all parties in the supply chain to create more economical and high-quality aviation logistics service products for customers.

　　(4) Customized logistics solutions

　　Customized logistics solutions are mainly aimed at customers in high-tech, biomedical, aviation equipment, consumer goods and other industries, and provide highly customized "one-stop" integrated logistics service solutions based on customers’ differentiated aviation logistics needs. On this basis, the company has continuously tapped its own advantages, grafted external superior resources in many ways, further extended its service chain and further enhanced its market competitiveness.

Second, the discussion and analysis of the business situation

　　(1) Overall operation in the first half of 2023

　　In the first half of 2023, due to the high inflation level of major economies in the world and the weak overall growth of the world economy, the global air cargo market demand weakened; With the rapid recovery of the belly cabin of international passenger aircraft, the supply of air transport capacity has increased, the air freight rate has fallen sharply, and the air freight market has gradually returned to the normal stage.

　　Facing the new situation, the company adheres to the general tone of steady progress, constantly enhances the core competitiveness of enterprises, accelerates the development towards high quality, and promotes the effective improvement of quality and reasonable growth of the company’s business. In terms of air express transportation, we should better coordinate development and safety, adjust the structure and scale of the fleet in an orderly manner, continuously optimize the layout of the aviation network, actively seize the market, maintain the cargo carrying rate at a high level, and achieve an increase in the total turnover of cargo and mail transportation; In terms of ground comprehensive services, we will strengthen the maintenance of airline companies and agent customers, consolidate our dominant position in Shanghai’s main base, vigorously expand cargo charter business and truck flight business, and continue to promote innovative businesses such as one-stop air service center, so that the cargo and mail handling capacity will increase; In terms of integrated logistics solutions, we will strengthen direct customer marketing, concentrate superior resources to protect core customers, establish a cross-border free-wing product service system with the characteristics of China Eastern Airlines logistics brand, provide air transportation solutions for many high-tech enterprises, accelerate the construction of cross-border fresh food express transportation network, and achieve rapid growth in imported fresh food business.

　　1. Main financial data

　　In terms of operating income and gross profit, during the reporting period, the company achieved operating income of 9.376 billion yuan, down 19.22% year-on-year, of which the main business income was 9.372 billion yuan, down 19.20% year-on-year; During the reporting period, the gross profit of the company’s main business was 2.295 billion yuan, down 36.62% year-on-year, and the comprehensive gross profit margin was 24.48%, down 6.73 percentage points year-on-year. See Table 3 and Table 4 for the income and gross profit of each business segment.

　　In terms of air express transportation, from the revenue side, the company has steadily increased and optimized the transportation capacity, and maintained the cargo carrying rate at a high level. In the case of weak market demand, it has dug deep into the supply potential, stabilized existing customers and developed new customers, and the total turnover of cargo and mail transportation has increased by 13.82% year-on-year. Due to the weakening of investment and consumer demand in overseas markets, the demand for air freight decreased, and the spot freight rate in the air freight market fell sharply. According to TAC air freight price data, the spot freight rates from Shanghai to North America and Europe all fell by more than 45% at the end of the reporting period. Although the company locked in the price by signing a certain proportion of long-term contracts, the overall freight rate still fell sharply during the reporting period. Under the influence of the above-mentioned volume and price factors, the business income of air express plate decreased year-on-year. From the cost side, due to the expansion of fleet size and the increase of cargo and mail turnover, the main operating costs such as depreciation and jet fuel cost of all cargo planes increased year-on-year, and the transportation service price of passenger cargo business decreased year-on-year due to the large reduction of customers and the sharp decline of freight rates. On the whole, the cost of this sector decreased by 23.25% year-on-year. During the reporting period, the aviation express segment realized the main business income of 4.528 billion yuan, down 35.29% year-on-year, and the gross profit margin of the main business was 28.51%, down 11.21 percentage points year-on-year.

　　In terms of ground integrated services, from the revenue side, the company actively tapped the market potential and accelerated the development of innovative businesses such as one-stop air service center. At the same time, due to the low base in the same period last year, the cargo and mail handling volume recovered steadily during the reporting period, increasing by 16.54% year-on-year, realizing the growth of main business income. From the cost side, the company continued to improve personnel efficiency by building smart cargo terminals. During the reporting period, labor costs decreased slightly year-on-year, and at the same time, the expenditure on epidemic prevention expenses was reduced compared with the same period last year. During the reporting period, the ground comprehensive service sector realized the main business income of 1.167 billion yuan, up 6.49% year-on-year, and the gross profit margin of the main business was 36.46%, up 17.00 percentage points year-on-year, of which the gross profit margin in the second quarter was 41.57%, which returned to the historical high level.

　　In terms of integrated logistics solutions, the company fully integrates its own resource advantages such as air transportation and ground cargo terminal operation, enhances the satisfaction of direct customer service and enhances customer stickiness, while continuing to play its leading role in cross-border fresh food supply chain and expanding its business scale. During the reporting period, the integrated logistics solutions segment realized the main business income of 3.678 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.86%; In the case of a sharp decline in air freight rates, the gross profit margin of the main business remained at 15.73%, a slight decrease of 2.18 percentage points.

　　In terms of expenses, during the reporting period, sales expenses and management expenses were basically the same as those of the same period last year; The company continued to increase investment in business management systems and information systems, and spent 14.07 million yuan on research and development, up 97.64% year-on-year; Due to the exchange loss caused by the fluctuation of RMB exchange rate and the interest expenses caused by the introduction of new financial leasing aircraft, the financial expenses increased by 261.15% during the reporting period.

　　In terms of net profit, during the reporting period, the company achieved a net profit of 1.47 billion yuan, down 41.40% year-on-year, due to factors such as the sharp drop in air freight rates and exchange losses. The net profit rate was 15.68%, down 5.93 percentage points year-on-year; The net profit attributable to the owners of the parent company was 1.272 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 40.11%; The net profit attributable to the owner of the parent company after deducting non-recurring gains and losses was 1.137 billion yuan, down 45.03% year-on-year.

　　In terms of capital structure, as of the end of the reporting period, the company’s assets maintained steady growth, with total assets of 27.446 billion yuan and net assets attributable to shareholders of listed companies of 14.234 billion yuan, up by 5.29% and 5.25% respectively compared with the end of last year; The company’s asset-liability ratio was 43.19%, down 0.48 percentage points from the end of last year.

　　2. Main business operation data

　　During the reporting period, the main operating data of the company’s air express, ground integrated services and integrated logistics solutions are shown in Table 5, Table 6 and Table 7.

　　(2) Consolidate the operating chassis and improve the operational toughness, and the efficiency of air express transportation is generally stable.

　　1. Adjust the structure of the fleet steadily, and accurately ensure the operation guarantee.

　　In terms of fleet planning, during the reporting period, the company continued to implement the "14 th Five-Year Plan" all-cargo aircraft fleet development plan and continuously optimized the fleet structure and scale. Two brand-new B777 all-cargo planes were successfully introduced by means of financial leasing, and two B777s whose operating lease contracts were due to expire were started to be returned. By the end of the reporting period, the company had 17 registered cargo planes, including 15 B777 and 2 B747. The follow-up company will further optimize the fleet structure and form a unified fleet of B777 aircraft, all of which will be owned or financed, which will help to reduce the overall aircraft holding cost and operating cost of the company.

　　In terms of aircraft operation, the company coordinates development and safety, and accurately pays attention to operational guarantee. In terms of flight technology and crew management, strengthen training management, make full efforts to make arrangements for crew configuration, ensure balanced strength of crew, and meet flight production needs; In terms of maintenance supervision, strengthen the control of aircraft key systems and repeated technical failures, dynamically optimize and adjust the execution time of C inspection, and improve the arrival rate of aircraft; In addition, through the continuous optimization and adjustment of air routes and alternate sites, economic oil loading and other measures, the operation cost is reduced.

　　During the reporting period, the carrying rate of all cargo planes was 82.75%, down by 1.64 percentage points year-on-year; With the withdrawal of the "passenger-to-cargo" derived from meeting the freight demand and the rapid recovery of the belly cabin of conventional passenger aircraft, the route structure of passenger aircraft freight business has changed, resulting in a significant decline in the passenger aircraft freight business carrying rate, down 8.63 percentage points year-on-year to 30.10%.

　　2. Continuously optimize the route network and promote the construction of express product system.

　　For all cargo planes, the company is committed to building an all cargo plane route network with Shanghai as the main hub, Guangzhou-Shenzhen as the secondary hub, and Beijing and Chengdu-Chongqing as the "two wings". During the reporting period, the company actively expanded and encrypted the frequency density of European and American routes. First, encrypt the frequency density of routes in Europe, America and Japan to consolidate Shanghai’s position as the main hub; Second, a new all-cargo flight from Shenzhen to London will be opened, so that the direct capacity of routes in South China can cover the European and American markets. During the reporting period, the company had 17 scheduled flights for all cargo planes, including 15 from Shanghai and 2 from Shenzhen.

　　In terms of passenger cargo business, during the reporting period, with the rapid recovery of international conventional passenger cabin, the company made overall plans for conventional passenger cargo business and unconventional passenger cargo business, deepened cooperation with major intermodal partners in Europe, America and Asia, and carried out intermodal transport with Delta Air Lines and Japan Airlines on the Shanghai-Seoul/Tokyo route in the form of package cooperation. At the end of the reporting period, the company’s passenger aircraft belly cabin transportation mainly relied on the global routes of China Eastern Airlines. Through SkyTeam, code sharing and SPA agreement, the route network reached 1,088 destinations in 184 countries and regions around the world.

　　In terms of product system construction, the company actively expands the transit business, makes full use of the coverage advantages of domestic passenger aircraft belly cabin and ground truck network by using the policy of "customs clearance integration", further enriches the products with "port-to-port" time limit, and extends them to the hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta, southwest China, South China and other regions to dig deep into the aviation logistics demand of high-value goods, expand the product coverage and improve the revenue level of the whole network.

　　3. Strengthen market development, resist fluctuations and seek resilience.

　　During the reporting period, in terms of long-term contract signing, the company maintained the annual contract signing rate of all cargo planes to a reasonable level through the combination and promotion of various service products, of which the contract signing rate of long-term routes originating from Europe and America in Shanghai was over 60%, and that of short-term routes in Asia-Pacific was about 50%; In terms of cooperation with major customers, the company has continuously deepened cooperation with large international logistics enterprises ranked in the forefront of global air transport, and reached cooperation agreements with many international logistics giants; In terms of domestic passenger aircraft belly cabin sales, we will strengthen cooperation with domestic express delivery companies such as SF Express, Leap Forward and Tongda Department, and launch "road-to-air" and economic mail products; In addition, bidding for domestic sites and zero-low-income flights was carried out, and underwriting and booking agreements were signed. By taking the above measures, in the first half of 2023, when the air freight rate dropped sharply, the company’s air express business showed certain operational resilience.

　　(3) Strengthen the operation quality and tap the market potential, and quickly repair the benefits of comprehensive ground services.

　　1. Dig deep into the market potential to generate income and increase efficiency, and steadily promote the construction of new capacity.

　　In terms of market sales, in the face of weak market demand, the company actively maintains existing customers and develops incremental customers. On the one hand, actively visit various airlines and key agent customers to deeply understand their operating pain points and difficulties, and at the same time strengthen the management of agents and do a good job in maintaining existing customers; On the other hand, we will intensify market development, actively expand potential customers, sign ground service agreements with airlines such as Vietnam Bamboo Airlines and Alitalia, and provide air cargo and mail ground agency services at Shanghai Pudong Airport and Beijing Daxing Airport.

　　In terms of new capacity construction, the company has steadily promoted the construction of the second phase of Pudong Airport West Cargo Terminal, the joint venture company of Pudong Airport Smart Cargo Terminal and the cold storage project of the logistics center cargo terminal, among which the second phase of Pudong Airport West Cargo Terminal is expected to be completed and put into operation by the end of this year, and the joint venture company of Pudong Airport Smart Cargo Terminal has started construction and is expected to be completed by the end of 2025. In terms of the development and operation of airport industrial park, the Northwest Airport Industrial Park project of China Eastern Airlines Logistics has been successfully put into production, and customers have settled in during the reporting period. The company will also actively promote the negotiation and signing of Zhengzhou Logistics Park and other projects, and take advantage of the company’s air transportation advantages to realize the benign interaction between airport warehousing and aviation main business.

　　During the reporting period, the company handled 1,188,000 tons of cargo and mail, up 16.54% year-on-year. Among them, the cargo and mail handled in Shanghai was 1,020,700 tons, up 13.75% year-on-year, and the market share in Shanghai was 58.36%.

　　2. Expand the service connotation and develop value-added service products.

　　During the reporting period, the company enriched its business connotation in terms of service products, service chain and service innovation. In terms of service products, according to customer demand and market changes, design and develop new value-added service products of cargo terminals, such as limited delivery service, integrated ground operation service and apron direct delivery service; In terms of service chain, the one-stop air service center is used to provide extended distribution services at both ends of the "port-to-port" supply chain according to the individual needs of customers, helping the company to realize the transformation of its comprehensive logistics solution business from "port-to-port" to "door-to-door", and expanding its service targets from airline customers and freight forwarding customers to direct customers covering high-tech industries; In terms of service innovation, we continued to promote business innovation and transformation, and set up Sigat Studio to engage in dangerous goods air transport safety operation training, industry rules formulation, and dangerous goods transport professional scheme customization.

　　3. Continue to increase investment in science and technology to empower smart cargo terminals.

　　During the reporting period, the company continued to increase investment in science and technology, committed to realizing unmanned production operations, visualized production data, timely tracking of goods status, and online process management, and gradually changed from labor-intensive to technology-led. First, the EOS new cargo terminal operating system, the company accelerated the process of building a "smart cargo terminal", and the EOS new cargo terminal operating system was officially put into operation in the East Pudong cargo terminal, integrating the existing fragmented and scattered systems, realizing the whole chain tracking of goods, helping the work of the cargo terminal to be scientific and technological, the process to be intelligent and the goods to be informationized, and promoting the digital transformation and development; Second, the latent lifting AGV project, which has been tested in the warehouse, can save energy and increase efficiency, make full use of existing space, reduce manpower and equipment investment, reduce operational safety risks, improve cargo operation quality and help intelligent cargo terminal construction; Third, the customer service platform, which officially launched the module of booking and picking up incoming goods, has covered more than 90% of the incoming goods in two cargo stations, standardized the international picking up process of incoming goods in Pudong, greatly shortened the time of agent picking up goods, improved the efficiency of picking up goods, and prepared to build a centralized document examination center to unify the operation process and improve work efficiency.

　　(D) Deepen direct customer cooperation and strengthen innovative business, and the revenue of integrated logistics solutions continues to grow.

　　The company gives full play to its resource integration advantages and service capabilities, responds to customer needs quickly, and provides comprehensive logistics solutions for the whole link. During the reporting period, the company continued to deepen its market segments, achieved remarkable results in direct customer expansion, and achieved sustained growth in the business income of integrated logistics solutions.

　　1. Cross-border e-commerce solutions

　　The company continuously explores the growth point of cross-border e-commerce business, enriches the cross-border product operation and maintenance system and revenue operation and maintenance mode, and monitors all links of cross-border full-link products in real time to ensure the overall revenue of cross-border business. In terms of product system development, we will launch a series of products such as Wing Optimization, Wing Express, Wing Express, Wing Huiyun and Wing Warehouse in stages according to timeliness, service type and service object, providing customized products to large customers and standardized products to small and medium-sized customers, with good customer structure and effectively suppressing market fluctuations; In terms of customer development and market development, we will continue to increase the depth, breadth and regional scope of cooperation with fast fashion cross-border e-commerce head enterprises, provide them with comprehensive logistics service solutions including factory delivery, port operation and air transportation, continuously optimize service processes and continuously improve service timeliness to meet the extreme logistics needs of customers. In addition, in order to meet the huge cross-border e-commerce logistics demand in South China, the company will continue to increase the resource layout in South China markets such as Guangzhou and Shenzhen, increase investment capacity and enrich the aviation network. In terms of cost control, the trunk transportation cost accounts for a high proportion of the whole process cost of cross-border e-commerce. The company flexibly adjusts the structure of its own transportation capacity and external transportation capacity according to market changes and optimizes the trunk transportation cost.

　　During the reporting period, cross-border e-commerce solutions realized the main business income of 1.904 billion yuan, up 73.25% year-on-year.

　　2. Direct origin solution

　　During the reporting period, the company registered and established a wholly-owned subsidiary, Fresh Port Company, as an independent legal entity operating the direct origin solution business. Since its official operation, Fresh Port Company has taken many measures simultaneously. On the basis of its long-term regular fresh flights such as Chengdu/Zhengzhou-Santiago de Chile, Ningbo-Los Angeles, Zhengzhou/Ningbo-Bangkok/Ho Chi Minh/Osaka/Seoul, Shanghai-new york and the "RCEP Fresh Express", around the two core product axes of "Renewable Animal Protein and Fruit and Vegetable Products", it has been established in Ningbo, Zhengzhou and Chengdu. In the future, the company will add services such as port operation service, temporary storage and temporary maintenance of fresh food, subcontracting and segmentation to the fresh food import industrial chain, and create a model of "one route, one industry, one ecological circle".

　　In terms of lobster import in North America, by paying close attention to the stable operation of flights and the establishment of service system, the cooperative relationship with upstream suppliers and downstream customers has gradually stabilized, and the market share of lobster charter business in North America has steadily increased; In terms of South American salmon import, the San Diego-Chengdu salmon charter flight route was officially opened, and Zhengzhou destination was added after one month of operation. At the end of the reporting period, stable cooperative relations were established with several major salmon brands in Chile. In terms of fruit import in Southeast Asia, a fruit charter flight from Bangkok to Ningbo was opened, and a joint brand of Southeast Asian fruits was launched with Box Horse, and this model was replicated and extended to ports such as Beijing, Shenzhen and Chongqing, which effectively filled the fruit off-season business and realized the company’s fresh-keeping business. As for the import of cherries, the business model of sea-air combined transport was further upgraded, and the mode of "one-stop direct from the place of origin to Shangchao store" was jointly launched with leading enterprises in the industry to improve the quality of cherries by sea.

　　During the reporting period, the main business income of the direct origin solution was 714 million yuan, up 146.21% year-on-year.

　　3. Customized logistics solutions

　　The company actively explores customers in different sub-sectors. In the high-tech industry, we continue to provide aviation logistics solutions for precision instruments and products for semiconductor enterprises, with routes covering Europe, America and Asia-Pacific. With the strengthening of overseas terminal capabilities, we will gradually provide customers with "door-to-door" services. In terms of aviation equipment, we have carried out in-depth cooperation with important strategic customers such as aircraft manufacturers, aviation companies and aviation equipment factories to provide customers with efficient, safe and high-quality aviation material supply chain services, and actively build the customs supervision warehouse into a business drainage platform, expanding the service chain from the storage section to the whole process of imported supply chain services. In the special goods industry, we strengthened cooperation with the head enterprises in the dangerous goods industry, jointly explored the dangerous goods market, coordinated visual operation with cargo terminals, and expanded the business of precious goods and live animals.

　　The company enhances customer experience and satisfaction by strengthening the construction of online sales platform, strengthening self-built products and enhancing service capabilities. In terms of online sales platform construction, during the reporting period, the online sales platform "Orange Swallow" independently developed by the company was officially launched. At the same time, the company established close cooperation relations with many platforms at home and abroad, made good platform drainage, and reached cooperation agreements with Freightos, the world’s leading freight booking and payment company, and Cargo One, a German online air freight booking platform. Through digital docking, online inquiry and booking services for overseas customers were realized, and online products were docked with where to go and the cabin network. In terms of self-built products and service capabilities, according to the actual needs of different customers, port-to-port products and end-to-end products are launched. First, through product standardization and sinking channels, services are closer to the owner group; Second, on the basis of standardizing port-to-port products, we can meet customer needs to the greatest extent by grafting the capabilities of logistics services at both ends.

　　During the reporting period, due to the weakening of market demand, customized logistics solutions realized the main business income of 162 million yuan, down 51.79% year-on-year.

Third, risk factors

　　1. Industry and market risks

　　(1) Macroeconomic fluctuation risk

　　The aviation logistics industry in which the company is located has a strong positive correlation with the macroeconomic growth rate, and is also closely related to the industry where downstream customers are located, their growth rate and changes in industrial structure. Therefore, the change of the above factors will affect the total service of the aviation logistics industry and then affect the operating performance of the companies in the industry. In the period of economic expansion, the demand for cargo transportation increases and the aviation logistics industry prospers; On the contrary, when the economy is in a period of austerity, the demand for cargo transportation decreases and the aviation logistics industry is weak. During the reporting period, due to the weakening of overseas demand and other factors, the air freight rate dropped sharply, and the future freight rate trend is still uncertain. To sum up, macroeconomic fluctuations will have different degrees of impact on the whole social and economic activities, and then have a certain impact on the overall development of China’s aviation logistics industry and the company’s future business growth.

　　(2) the risk of international trade friction

　　The company’s aviation logistics service business covers a wide range of end customers, carries a variety of goods, and accounts for a relatively high income from cross-border logistics services, which is closely related to the changes in international trade policies as a whole. At present, the international political and economic situation is complicated, the overall growth of the world economy is weak, the spillover effect of policy contraction in major developed economies appears, there are many unstable and uncertain factors, the development of global trade pattern presents certain uncertainty, and the trade friction and confrontation among major economies intensifies. The import and export tariff measures, technical trade measures, import and export restrictions and other measures adopted by countries in the trade friction will affect the trade pattern, trade mode and total trade volume, which will lead to the reduction of import and export transportation demand of commodities, and then indirectly affect the company’s operating performance by affecting the transportation demand of company customers.

　　(3) Market competition risk

　　With the vigorous development of China’s logistics market, international logistics companies have entered the China market. With advanced logistics management concepts, global logistics networks, strong financial strength and good industry reputation, international logistics companies have become strong competitors of local logistics companies in China. On the one hand, the main participants in the company’s industry also include other enterprises engaged in aviation logistics business in the civil aviation market, such as Air China and China Southern Logistics. In recent years, shipping companies, express delivery companies and e-commerce platform companies have also entered the aviation logistics industry one after another, and the market competition is fierce; On the other hand, railway transportation, highway transportation and waterway transportation have certain substitutability for air transportation. Compared with other modes of transportation, air transportation has the advantages of quickness, efficiency and safety, but the appearance or improvement of other modes of transportation will have a certain substitutive impact on the market demand of air logistics to some extent. In the future, if the company can’t take active and effective measures to deal with market competition, it will face the potential risk of declining market share and operating performance.

　　(4) The risk of jet fuel price fluctuation

　　Aviation fuel cost is one of the important cost items of aviation logistics companies, and the fluctuation of aviation fuel price is an important factor affecting the profit level of aviation logistics companies. In recent years, influenced by many factors, such as the development of the world economy and the fluctuation of RMB exchange rate, the international crude oil price has experienced great fluctuations, and the jet fuel price has also changed greatly. With the increasingly complicated international economic and political situation, the future trend of jet fuel price is still uncertain. Although the company has taken measures such as adjusting the fleet structure, optimizing the route and alternate field, carrying oil economically, and reasonably controlling the extra fuel quantity to reduce the unit fuel consumption and control the fuel cost, and at the same time, it can alleviate the rising pressure of fuel cost by levying fuel surcharge, but if the aviation fuel price fluctuates greatly in the future, the company’s operating performance may still be affected to some extent.

　　Assuming that the adjustment of fuel surcharge is not considered and other factors remain unchanged, based on the actual aviation fuel consumption of the company in the first half of 2023, if the average purchase price of aviation fuel increases or decreases by 100 yuan/ton, the aviation fuel cost of the company will increase or decrease by about RMB 25.63 million.

　　(5) Risk of exchange rate fluctuation

　　The company’s air express and integrated logistics solution business involves foreign currency settlement. In the case of RMB exchange rate fluctuation, the conversion of assets and liabilities settled in foreign currency will generate exchange gains and losses, which will have a certain impact on the company’s operating performance. In addition, the company’s purchase cost of aircraft and aviation materials will also be affected by exchange rate fluctuations. Recently, the foreign exchange market continues to fluctuate. If the RMB exchange rate fluctuates greatly in the future, the company will face certain exchange rate risks.

　　Assuming that other factors remain the same, for example, every 100 basis points increase or decrease in the exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar will result in a decrease or increase in the company’s shareholders’ equity on June 30, 2023 and its net profit in the first half of 2023 by about RMB 3.88 million.

　　2. Operational risks

　　(1) Risks brought by changing market demand

　　China’s economic development and the gradual improvement of people’s consumption and living standards have determined that the demand for aviation logistics services in the terminal market is increasing. The diversified needs of customers put forward higher requirements for timeliness, convenience and safety of cargo transportation, as well as further improving the company’s professional service level and providing differentiated services. The company pays close attention to the changes of market demand and customer demand, and improves the ability to serve customers. If the company fails to adjust its business strategy in time according to the changes of customer demand and improve the level of service specialization and differentiation, it may face the risk of failing to meet the market demand and causing the loss of customers.

　　(2) Management risks caused by business expansion

　　By integrating the ever-increasing resources of all-cargo plane, Skynet in belly cabin and ground cargo terminal, the company builds an express platform integrating heaven and earth, launches direct and transit products covering major cities at home and abroad, and at the same time, strives to develop comprehensive logistics solutions such as cross-border e-commerce solutions, direct origin solutions, customized logistics solutions, and supply chain of peer projects, so as to provide customers with customized and efficient high-end logistics "China Eastern Airlines Scheme". In the future, there may be staged management risks due to factors such as the rapid expansion of transportation capacity and the mismatch of key technical talents in the short term. In this regard, the company will strengthen the layout and investment in key technical personnel, operation management and information construction to meet the needs of business development.

　　(3) the risk of insufficient information, intelligent construction and innovation ability

　　In recent years, with the strong support of national policies, the logistics industry has continuously promoted the process of informationization and intelligence construction. Modern information technology and new smart equipment are widely used, and the quality, efficiency and power changes of modern industrial system are further promoted, which not only injects new vitality into the innovation and development of logistics, but also requires speeding up the digitalization, networking and intelligent empowerment of modern logistics, and creating a new smart logistics model with high technology content and strong innovation ability. In the future, the company will continue to conform to the development trend of the industry and increase the investment in logistics informatization and intelligent construction to meet the needs of logistics informatization and intelligent development. At present, the company takes the empowerment of science and technology as an important strategic foothold, and relies on digital and intelligent transformation to promote cost reduction and efficiency improvement. After years of innovative research and development accumulation and upgrading of existing systems, it has gradually established an information and intelligent system that can meet the needs of daily operations, effectively supporting the efficient development of the company’s core business of air express, ground integrated services and integrated logistics solutions. If the company’s future investment in informatization and intelligent construction is insufficient and its innovation ability is insufficient, it will not be able to effectively enhance its core competitiveness and may face the risk of declining customer service ability.

　　(4) Compliance risk of overseas business operation

　　In order to meet the needs of further improving circulation efficiency and extending aviation logistics chain, the company has set up branches overseas to engage in aviation logistics-related business, and overseas branches must abide by the laws and regulations of the country or region where they operate transnational logistics business. The company has established a perfect compliance management system in accordance with relevant laws and regulations to strictly control the compliance risks of overseas business operations. However, the characteristics of cross-border logistics determine the possibility and risk that logistics enterprises will inevitably be investigated by relevant departments of overseas countries or regions on business compliance (including but not limited to trade control, commercial bribery, anti-monopoly, data protection, etc.) in the process of engaging in logistics services abroad. In the future, if the company is investigated by local judicial or law enforcement agencies due to business compliance problems, and even administrative penalties and lawsuits are triggered, it will adversely affect the company’s overseas business operations.

　　(5) Aviation safety risks

　　Ensuring aviation safety is the basis and bottom line for the survival and development of aviation logistics companies, and it is also a prerequisite for providing customers with high-quality professional and convenient services and gaining a good market reputation. The systematicness, integrity and complexity of aviation safety are much higher than those of other logistics industries. If there is an unsafe flight event, it will have a negative impact on the company’s business and operating performance.

　　In terms of safety management, the company strictly implements rules and regulations and operating standards, formulates safety management work plans, implements the responsibility system for safety production, strengthens the investigation and management of potential safety hazards, improves the safety risk prevention and control system, and strengthens safety management and control capabilities.

　　3. Other Force Majeure and Unforeseen Risks

　　The aviation logistics industry is greatly influenced by the external environment, and natural disasters, sudden public health incidents, wars and other force majeure or unpredictable risk factors will have a certain impact on the market demand and the company’s production and operation.

Iv. analysis of core competitiveness during the reporting period

　　(1) Covering the routes and ground service networks of major hubs at home and abroad, the combination advantage of "Skynet+Ground Network" is obvious.

　　After years of development and layout, the company has built a unique "Skynet+Ground Network" global aviation logistics network, which serves as a traffic portal and an important support, providing continuous empowerment for the company’s cross-border e-commerce solutions, direct origin solutions, customized logistics solutions and other businesses, and laying a unique resource endowment for the company to build the most innovative aviation logistics service provider.

　　1.skynet

　　With international hubs and regional hub airports as fulcrums, the company has built a high-connectivity, wide coverage and super-convenient domestic-international airline network, with Shanghai as the core hub and Guangzhou-Shenzhen as the important layout, and gradually formed a pattern of operation in East China and South China, creating an efficient international airline network structure and a comprehensive Skynet system with Europe and the United States as the mainstay and Asia-Pacific as the supplement.

　　(1) All-cargo international air network: By the end of the reporting period, the company had 17 all-cargo aircraft, all of which were used to fly to Europe, America, Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia and other international and regional routes.

　　(2) Global Airline Network of Passenger Aircraft: The company exclusively operates the cargo business of nearly 800 passenger aircraft of China Eastern Airlines, and the domestic airline network reaches all provincial capitals and important cities, covering national urban agglomerations such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Guanzhong Plain; Relying on SkyTeam network, code sharing and SPA agreement, International Airlines has reached 1,088 destinations in 184 countries and regions around the world.

　　(3) Cross-border fresh food fast supply chain air network: The company’s origin direct solution business has long operated a number of regular fresh food flights and "RCEP Fresh Food Express" such as Chengdu/Zhengzhou-Santiago de Chile, Ningbo-Los Angeles, Zhengzhou/Ningbo-Bangkok/Ho Chi Minh/Osaka/Seoul and Shanghai-new york, and gradually built a "two-axis and four-wings" covering all major economic belts in China and connecting North America, Central and South America, ASEAN, Japan and South Korea. At the same time, the direct delivery of origin constantly updates the development concept and innovative product model, quickly captures the market changes, fully taps the capacity resources of refrigerated dry bulk carriers, and introduces the solutions of "sea-air combined transport" and "direct shipping from factories to customers’ stores" for South American cherries to ensure the stability of the import supply chain.

　　2. Ground net

　　In addition to the powerful Skynet resources, the company has a broad comprehensive network of ground services nationwide, and has built a comprehensive ground service system of "cargo terminal operation+warehousing+distribution", forming a unique logistics service model in the industry.

　　(1) Hub airport cargo terminal: The cargo terminal is an important node of the air logistics transportation network, which is responsible for collecting and temporarily storing goods. At the end of the reporting period, the company had 17 self-operated cargo terminals, covering the domestic core air cargo hub area with high network value and radiation-driven effect.

　　(2) Airport Logistics Industrial Park: On the basis of the existing cargo terminal network, the company actively promotes the layout of airport storage park resources outside the airport red line and the construction of operation and service capacity of airport logistics industrial park. The northwest airport industrial park project of China Eastern Airlines Logistics at Xi ‘an Xianyang Airport has been completed and put into operation, forming a complementary linkage effect with the cargo terminal network, and strengthening the cargo flow entrance attribute of node resources. At the same time, the company has further enriched the format and customer base of the airport logistics industrial park through the establishment and operation of the fresh port company.

　　(3) Multimodal transport: By strengthening the development cooperation with () airport cargo terminal and airport logistics industrial park, as well as the strategic cooperation with China Railway Express in air-rail intermodal products, air-rail intermodal station construction and other aspects, the company cultivates the intelligent terminal operation solution capability of aviation logistics, promotes the gathering of aviation logistics customer resources to aviation logistics hubs, accelerates the connection with high-quality railway freight resources such as high-speed rail express, China-Europe trains, luggage express and intermodal stations, and further strengthens the integrated logistics service of airport and ground.

　　(4) Overseas network: Based on the long-term internationalization strategy and business layout, the company has 17 overseas branches in the United States, Germany, France, the Netherlands, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, Hong Kong, China, Taiwan, China and other countries and regions, forming an overseas marketing agency, operation site and ground agency network system covering key countries and cities in North America, Western Europe, Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia. Focusing on the new development pattern of serving domestic and international double cycles,

　　(B) Unique and scarce aviation logistics core resources, with significant competition barriers.

　　The company has accumulated abundant core resources of aviation logistics, with strong barriers to all-cargo key international routes, wide coverage of the global navigation network of passenger aircraft belly cabins, and strong scarce core hub airport cargo terminal resources, which has realized the blocking of key resources and formed a significant industry competition barrier.

　　1. Time resources of air rights

　　China Cargo Airlines, a subsidiary of the company, was established in 1998. It is the first professional cargo airline specializing in air cargo and mail business in China. After more than 20 years of professional operation and deep market cultivation, it has acquired and possessed abundant air rights resources. During the reporting period, the company has 17 all-cargo scheduled flights from Shanghai, Shenzhen to Amsterdam/Frankfurt/Zaragoza/Los Angeles/London/Anchorage/Seattle/Chicago/new york/Tokyo/Osaka/Seoul/Singapore/Bangkok and other international freight hubs. In addition, the company exclusively manages the freight business of nearly 800 passenger planes of China Eastern Airlines, and has high-quality air rights time resources covering all domestic provincial capitals, important cities and important international destinations.

　　2. Cargo terminals and storage resources

　　The company’s self-operated cargo terminals are all located in the red line of the airport, and there are strict restrictions on qualification examination, business license access, business site and other conditions. The cargo terminal resources of the core hub airport and the airport logistics storage facilities are irreplaceable and scarce, which constitutes the core competitive barrier of the company’s comprehensive ground service. The company has a cargo terminal operating site and storage area of 1.5 million square meters, of which Shanghai, as the third largest air cargo hub in the world, has obvious resource advantages, with 6 cargo terminals near the apron and 1 freight transfer station with an area of 1.25 million square meters, and it is also one of the only two enterprises in Pudong Airport that operate a centralized supervision warehouse for cross-border e-commerce. In the first half of this year, the company handled 1,020,700 tons of cargo and mail at Shanghai Pudong Airport and Hongqiao Airport, accounting for 58.36% of the cargo and mail handling capacity of the two major airports in Shanghai.

　　(C) "China EAL" brand effect, with industry-leading operation and management system.

　　1. With high-quality customer resources, the brand effect of "China EAL" is highlighted.

　　Since its establishment, with its unique and scarce resource advantages, customer value-oriented service standards, and stable and controllable industrial chain service capabilities, the company has accumulated a good reputation and created the "China EAL" brand, which has been highly recognized by customers and the industry, and its brand effect has been highlighted. The company’s customer coverage is constantly expanding, and it has accumulated high-quality, stable and diversified customer resources, including but not limited to Apple, Samsung, Intel, Roche Diagnostics, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Honeywell, Inditex, Newland, Unilever, Sinopharm, Siemens, Wish, China Post, Zongteng, Sifang, Baiguoyuan and Xianfeng Fruit.

　　In terms of air express, the customer base not only includes domestic and foreign large and medium-sized enterprise customers, freight forwarding companies, professional logistics companies, etc., but also has established business cooperation relations with cross-border e-commerce platforms and cross-border e-commerce logistics enterprises. In terms of ground comprehensive services, the company provides air cargo and mail ground agency services for many domestic and foreign airline customers and freight forwarder customers, and has accumulated many high-tech industrial customers by cooperating with the administrative committees and customs of Shanghai () Bonded Zone, Shanghai () Technology Park, Suzhou Industrial Park and other places to explore regional and port linkages. In terms of integrated logistics solutions, the company has been deeply involved in sub-sectors such as cross-border e-commerce, direct origin and customized logistics solutions, and is committed to providing customers with one-stop integrated logistics solutions. At present, it has covered a stable customer base in sub-sectors such as fresh food supermarkets, cross-border e-commerce, high technology, consumer goods, biomedicine and aviation equipment.

　　2. It has an industry-leading quality control system and operation qualification certification.

　　The safety management system of aviation logistics industry has strict requirements, extremely high quality standards and complex and rigorous processes. The company has an industry-leading quality management system, strict quality control standards and effective quality control measures, and insists on providing quality services to customers. China Cargo Airlines, a subsidiary of China Cargo Airlines, is the first professional cargo aviation enterprise engaged in air cargo and mail services in China, and has accumulated rich quality control experience and reputation for safe operation for more than 20 years. The company has established a quality control system covering the whole logistics service link, always adhering to high standards, providing customers with high-quality aviation logistics services, adhering to PDCA cycle (four stages of quality management, namely, plan, execution (do), inspection and treatment (act)) as the basic elements, promoting the continuous improvement of the company’s service quality, and at the same time building a perfect operational safety management and control system to ensure the company’s sustained high-level safety.

　　The company has obtained a number of operational qualification certifications. In terms of air express transportation, the company has passed the IATA Operational Safety Audit (IOSA) of the International Air Transport Association, and has been a registered operator of professional air cargo IOSA for more than ten years, and its safety management system (SMS) has passed the supplementary operation qualification examination of the Civil Aviation Administration of China; In terms of ground integrated services, the company has obtained Lloyd’s ISO9001:2015 quality system certification and GB/T19001-2016 management system certification; Obtained the certification of IATA Independent Medical Logistics Verification Center (CEIV Pharma). The company’s drug cargo handling procedures strictly follow the World Health Organization (WHO) GDP(Good Distribution Practices) guidelines, and have obtained the GDP management system certification. It is a rare cold chain service guarantee enterprise in China that can provide airport ground operation and warehousing management for high value-added temperature-controlled goods such as drugs and fresh goods.

　　(IV) Actively promote the digital and intelligent transformation of the company and build a new infrastructure with core competitiveness.

　　The company takes technology empowerment as an important strategic foothold. Relying on digital and intelligent transformation to promote cost reduction and efficiency improvement, and combining cutting-edge technologies such as industrial Internet, logistics robots, big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence with the company’s business scenarios; Combine business and management lines with scientific and technological innovation, informationization and intelligent upgrade, realize informationization of business layer, intelligence of operation layer, coordination of management layer and intelligence of decision-making layer, and drive the high-quality development of the company’s business.

　　By the end of the reporting period, the company had built and promoted the operation of EOS new cargo terminal business system, switched all foreign flights, and built an industry-leading ground business platform for smart cargo terminals. Upgrade the on-line flight operation control FOC system to better ensure flight operation safety; Build an operation data center project, integrate operation data and unify data standards, and build a freight data center; Construction of freight security inspection information system, covering 24 security inspection channels in Hongqiao and Pudong, realizing security inspection equipment networking and security inspection process full information; Promote logistics online sales platform, build logistics "Orange Swallow" brand, and provide customers with "one-stop" logistics solutions; Online cross-border e-commerce order management system, docking cross-border e-commerce business, to meet the needs of high concurrency of transformation business. In the field of intellectual property rights, during the reporting period, the company obtained 14 pieces of computer software copyrights and applied for 4 patents, which effectively protected the company’s core technical property rights, promoted scientific and technological innovation, and enhanced the company’s core competitiveness and brand influence.

　　On the 18th, the reporter learned from the press conference on the research and investigation results of Cretaceous Heilongjiang Helen Biota that rare Cretaceous biota fossils were found in Heilongjiang Helen Grand Canyon.
　　According to Liu Shuchen, deputy director of China geological museum and member of the National Committee of Paleontological Fossils, since 2018, many paleontologists from geological museum, Shenyang Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey, beijing museum of natural history and other units have conducted in-depth investigation and research on animal and plant fossils in Helen City, Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province, and discovered the paleontology of Helen Grand Canyon. "This is the first biota found in China, which is mainly composed of Cretaceous tree fern stem fossils. At present, more than a dozen fossils of Cretaceous pteridophyte stems, gymnosperms, dinosaurs and turtles have been found. The discovery of these fossils provides important evidence for studying the evolution of paleoecology, paleoclimate, paleoenvironment and paleovegetation in the dinosaur era in Northeast China. "
　　The remains of paleontology in Helen Grand Canyon are located in Helen National Forest Park, Heilongjiang Province. The canyon is connected with the remaining veins of Xiaoxing ‘an Mountains and reaches the upper reaches of Dongfanghong Reservoir in Helen City. The valley is more than 10 kilometers long, which is the transition zone from the western slope of Xiaoxing ‘an Mountains to Songnen Plain. The regional ecosystem is complete, the forest regeneration and succession are good, and the species diversity is rich. Since 2018, Helen has invited paleontologists from many national authorities to visit and study for three times.
　　"The paleontological fossils discovered this time are widely distributed in the river valley in gravel state, with a large output. Fossil individuals are larger than those in other areas. There are rich types of fossils, including ferns, gymnosperms and reptiles such as dinosaurs and turtles. " Cheng Yeming, a researcher in geological museum, China, said, "The discovery of a large number of fern stem fossils in Puschi also provides evidence for the correlation between Cretaceous strata in China and contemporary strata in other parts of the world."
　　According to the research, Cheng Yeming concluded that in the Late Cretaceous, the Helen area was a relaxed coastal and shallow lake environment, with rivers criss-crossing, and the Helen Grand Canyon was at the intersection of rivers and lakes. At that time, the climate should be warm and humid, with lush vegetation, ferns and gymnosperms such as conifers and cypresses growing, and other vertebrates such as turtles and dinosaurs living and multiplying on the shore of the lake, forming a good terrestrial ecosystem.
　　Zhang Lidong, deputy chief engineer of Shenyang Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey, found through investigation that the paleontological remains of Helen Grand Canyon mainly include three kinds of plant fossils of Cretaceous tree ferns, cycads and conifers, and three kinds of animal fossils of Paleozoic protozoa dragonfly, invertebrate gastropods, reptile turtles and dinosaur bones. Based on comprehensive indoor arrangement and regional stratigraphic correlation, it is preliminarily considered that the stratum of Hailun Grand Canyon belongs to Late Cretaceous-Neogene stratum.
　　Experts believe that the discovery of paleontology in Helen Grand Canyon provides an important basis for exploring the relationship between Cretaceous flora in East Asia, Western Europe and North America. At the same time, the paleontological fossils in this area have a high degree of silicification, the structure of paleontology itself is intact, and it has typical environmental indicators. It is an excellent earth science popularization place to show geological and historical changes, fossil burial and excavation, and should be further studied, protected and utilized.
　　

Source of this article: Shandong CDC

Cold wave public health protection guide

First, the basic concept of cold wave

A cold wave is a weather activity in which cold air from high latitudes invades the middle and low latitudes on a large scale, causing severe cooling (according to the standard of Cold Air Grade GB/T 20484—2017, a cold wave means that the daily minimum temperature drops by more than or equal to 8℃ within 24 hours, or by more than or equal to 10℃ within 48 hours, or by more than or equal to 12℃ within 72 hours, and the daily minimum temperature drops to 4℃ or below.

Second, cold wave health risks

The drop in temperature can lead to the contraction of human blood vessels and the acceleration of respiratory rate. During the cold wave, cold weather is easy to cause superficial skin damage and form chilblain, which aggravates the pain of patients with arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is easy to induce airway spasm and abnormal immune function of respiratory system, and cause acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute attack of bronchial asthma, acute respiratory infection and other respiratory diseases. It is easy to cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, acute heart failure, transient cerebral blood supply deficiency, stroke and so on. At the same time, it may aggravate urinary system diseases and endocrine system diseases, such as chronic kidney disease and diabetes.

Third, the key protection groups

There are three main categories of people: the first category is sensitive people, such as infants, children, pregnant women, the elderly and so on; The second category is people with chronic basic diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory diseases; The third category is outdoor workers, such as traffic police, sanitation workers, construction workers, couriers, takeaways, etc.

Four, cold weather warning information

According to the cold wave warning signal and defense guide, the cold wave warning signal is divided into four levels.

Five, classification protection measures guide

According to the level of cold wave warning signal, we put forward suggestions on protective measures for classified people.

Interpretation of "Cold Wave Public Health Protection Guide"

In order to guide the public to cope with the cold wave scientifically, raise their awareness of self-protection and reduce the possible health damage caused by cold wave weather, we organized experts from the Institute of Environment of China CDC and other units to formulate the Cold Wave Public Health Protection Guide (hereinafter referred to as the Guide) on the basis of scientific research and risk assessment, and put forward protection suggestions for different key groups to protect public health to the maximum extent.

The Guide consists of five parts: the basic concept of cold wave, health risks, key protected people, cold wave meteorological early warning information, and cold wave early warning grading protection measures guide. The definition of cold wave and its effects on human respiratory, cardiovascular and urinary systems are mainly introduced in two parts: basic concepts and health risks. Key protection groups point out the key groups that need attention during the cold wave, including sensitive groups, people with chronic basic diseases and outdoor workers. Cold wave meteorological early warning information guides the public to scientifically understand cold wave forecast and early warning information. The cold wave warning and grading protection measures guide puts forward targeted protection measures for key people respectively.

Editor: Gao Mengdi

Checked by: Wang Hao

Chief Editor: Chen Xiaoran

Original title: "Popular Science | The National Disease Control Bureau issued the" Cold Wave Public Health Protection Guide ""

Read the original text

　　China Overseas Chinese Network June 15th Issue: Attention overseas Chinese friends! When you return to China during the Dragon Boat Festival, you can enjoy another entry and exit convenience.

　　I’m afraid overseas Chinese friends have encountered this annoying thing when they return home on holidays: getting off the plane and getting ready to enter the country, looking at the long queue waiting for customs clearance in front of them, thinking that it will take an hour at the earliest to pass the border inspection, and the enthusiasm for returning home to visit relatives and friends immediately cooled a lot …

　　Xiaoqiao had a similar experience. On the last day of the National Day holiday in a certain year, the overseas Chinese who returned home after traveling caught up with the return peak. It took a full hour and a half to get off the plane and go to the border inspection. They were exhausted by the long flight and felt even more exhausted after going through customs.

　　Someone wants to ask, isn’t there a self-service entry channel? Wouldn’t it be quicker to go there? On the one hand, the self-service channel requires a new version of electronic passports, and many people’s old passports have not expired and have not been replaced yet, so they cannot enjoy convenience; On the other hand, self-service customs clearance is exempt from stamping, but when applying for visas from some countries, the entry stamp on the passport must be complete.

　　At present, although many self-service aisles are equipped with cover patches, many people are not aware of them. There was a case before: when Ms. Zhao applied for a tourist visa, because she entered the country through the self-service channel when she returned to China the previous time, the "entry stamp" was missing from her passport. The travel agency worried that she might be refused a visa, and suggested that she go to the airport to reissue the entry stamp, which was equivalent to running again.

　　However, starting from the 18th of this month, that is, this year’s Dragon Boat Festival, all China citizens, including overseas Chinese, will no longer have to worry about the long queue for entry and exit customs clearance!

　　China’s National Immigration Bureau announced at the press conference of the Ministry of Public Security on the 14th that starting from June 18th this year, the national land, sea and air ports will be required to queue up for entry and exit customs clearance of China citizens for no more than 30 minutes, so as to solve the problem of long queues of China citizens at the peak of large ports.

　　I have to say that the introduction of this regulation is too timely! In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people’s living standards and the deepening of China’s opening up to the outside world, China citizens’ overseas travel, visiting relatives and business activities have greatly increased.

　　The data shows that in 2017, the total number of entry-exit personnel nationwide reached 598 million, an increase of more than 140 times compared with 1977 before the reform and opening up, and an increase of 73% compared with 2007. Among them, there are quite a few overseas Chinese groups who frequently travel between China and foreign countries.

　　The increasingly huge passenger flow undoubtedly puts great pressure on the border inspection port. According to statistics, up to now, there are 35 ports with an average daily inspection of more than 5,000 passengers, 19 ports with more than 10,000 passengers and 7 ports with more than 50,000 passengers.

　　Especially on weekends and holidays, the inbound and outbound passenger flow is relatively concentrated, and the queue waiting for inspection at peak hours is longer. Then, what measures will the relevant departments take to ensure the 30-minute customs clearance period?

　　Currently known methods are:

　　Set up a special passage for China citizens.

　　Optimize on-site organization, improve process setting and improve inspection management level.

　　Improve the application level of scientific and technological informatization, promote self-service customs clearance and increase the proportion of self-service customs clearance.

　　Improve the customs clearance environment, and solve the problems such as narrow waiting area and insufficient inspection channels.

　　Undoubtedly, this is another big gift package to improve the level of entry and exit facilitation after the establishment of the National Immigration Bureau. Why do you say "again"? Friends who pay attention to media reports must be well aware that since the official establishment of the Immigration Bureau in April this year, all kinds of good news about entry and exit have simply poured in:

　　Launched "visa-free entry travel for personnel from 59 countries in Hainan"

　　From May 1st this year, Hainan Province implemented a visa-free policy for inbound tourists from 59 countries, further supporting Hainan’s comprehensive deepening of reform and opening up.

　

　

　　Handling entry and exit documents such as passports "only runs once"

　　Also on May 1st, the whole country began to implement the system of "only running once" for passport and other entry and exit documents:

　　Optimize the process of handling licenses, and concentrate all the links scattered in different time periods and places, such as photo collection, fingerprint collection, application materials submission, face-to-face verification and certificate payment, in the same place at the same time;

　　The "green channel" permits, increasing the scope of emergency permits, and providing "go and go" expedited permit service for those who go abroad to attend meetings and negotiations, sign contracts, and report for study abroad when the time is approaching, and their documents are lost or damaged before departure;

　　"Non-working-day certification", which provides office workers with the service of accepting applications on Saturdays, during the peak of certification, and before holidays.

　　"Shorten the time for applying for permits in different places", and the time limit for examination and approval of cross-provincial applications for entry and exit documents has been shortened from 30 days to 20 days;

　　"One form", one person who applies for multiple documents at the same time only needs to submit an application form, take a number, and send it synchronously according to the applicant’s needs;

　　"One-line processing", applicants can make an appointment in advance by using the Internet booking platform, which is convenient for applicants to apply for entry and exit documents at the entry and exit reception window according to the appointment time period; Provide the service that applicants voluntarily choose two-way express mail entry and exit documents.

　　Improve and perfect the examination and approval mechanism for permanent residence qualifications.

　　After the establishment of the National Immigration Bureau, the review process for foreigners’ applications for permanent residence was continuously optimized to improve work efficiency. In two months, 1,881 eligible foreigners were approved for permanent residence in China, equivalent to the total amount of approval in 2017.

　　Some of these new regulations directly cover overseas Chinese groups, while others can indirectly benefit foreign Chinese, and once they are promulgated, they will be recognized by overseas Chinese. I believe that with the continuous advancement of the work of the Immigration Bureau, there will be more powerful new policies coming out one after another, which will bring more convenience to the entry and exit of overseas Chinese.

　　(Source: China Overseas Chinese Network official WeChat, Author: Fu Qiang, ID: qiaowangzhongguo)

Special topic: the incident of smashing, looting and burning in Lhasa, Tibet

Photos described by Dalai as "China soldiers posing as lamas to stir up riots".

Using this photo to slander "China soldiers pretending to be lamas" is full of flaws.

　　　 On March 29th, the Dalai Lama held a press conference in India, and made a rumor by himself that "China soldiers pretended to be lamas to stir up riots", so as to shirk the responsibility of launching the "March 14th Tibet incident". And there is a lot of evidence that this is another smear of Dalai’s low level that can’t stand scrutiny.

　　　 On this issue, the World Wide Web contacted Ren Yan, a special correspondent of Global Times in India. At that time, the fact was that the Dalai Lama only gave lip service at the press conference and did not produce evidence and photos. Moreover, the general view in India was that China had been committed to the stability of Tibet and could not take the initiative to provoke conflicts. Therefore, the Indian media only mentioned the Dalai Lama’s press conference and did not agree with Dalai’s outrageous slander. In the report, he described Dalai’s nonsense as a "war of words".

　　　 According to the Global Times reporter, the "China soldiers posing as lamas" mentioned by the Dalai Lama came from an online photo, but with a little analysis, it can be found that this photo could not have been taken during the "314 Tibet smashing and looting incident":

　　　 First of all, the picture is not China’s army but the armed police force; Secondly, according to the news of Xinhua News Agency in 2004, from January 1, 2005, the officers and men of the Armed Police Force will wear armbands and chest tags in a unified way, but the armed police soldiers in the photo did not wear armbands and chest tags, indicating that this photo was taken at least before 2005; Another fact is that, according to the news of Tibet Business Daily in October, 2004, from October 13th, 2004, human tricycles in Lhasa will uniformly use blue, red and green curtains with Tibetan characteristics, while the color of the tricycle curtain in the picture is still blue, which shows that the photo can’t be taken after November, 2004.

　　　 这张被达赖集团拿来污蔑“中国军人假扮喇嘛挑起暴动”的照片，非但没有起任何效果，照片本身反而成了揭露达赖集团唯恐西藏不乱真面目的铁证，而达赖言之凿凿的新闻会又成了一场可笑的闹剧。

　　　 正如外交部发言人姜瑜31日就达赖称中国军人“假扮僧侣”一事答记者问时表示，达赖用道听途说的谣言无法改变事件真相，只能证明他心虚气短。 (环球时报?环球网 郝?石)

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