[Editor’s Note] This interview was conducted in Seoul on August 24th, 2015. The interviewer was Professor Takahiro Nakajima of the Center for Philosophy Research of the University of Tokyo, Japan, and the interviewee was Professor Bai Yongrui of Yonsei University, South Korea, with Jin Hang as the translator. The original title of this article is "Giving Vitality to the Gap: An Interview with Bai Yongrui", which was signed by the author as "Conversation between Nakajima Takabo and Lu Chan" and published in Thought magazine (published by Lianjing Publishing Company on December 14, 2017). Reprinted by The Paper with authorization. The original interview was 20,000 words long, and here are some excerpts. There are notes in the original text, which are omitted here.

I. Born in Incheon shortly after the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement.

Nakajima Takahiro:When planning this dialogue, two texts came to my mind. One is a dialogue between Emmanuel Lévinas and Philip Nemo. This was originally an interview in a radio program, and later it was compiled into a book called Ethics and Infinity. This book is very good. Levinas talks about his philosophy in it, and there are some things that he may not put into writing. On the question "What kind of philosophy is Levinas’ philosophy?", he expounded it in his own words, which is very simple and easy to understand. I want to use this as a model to talk to you today. The dialogue between Levinas and Nemo began with the former’s childhood memories, and another text that came to my mind happened to be walter benjamin’s Childhood in Berlin around 1900. Today, I want to start a dialogue with these two texts as examples. First of all, please ask Professor Bai to recall his childhood and let everyone know the story of Bai Yongrui (= history).

Benjamin said in the book: "The picture of my urban childhood may be able to shape the future historical experience in advance." He listed his unique historical view and some corresponding childhood impressions. Excuse me, what is Professor Bai’s impression of his childhood?

Bai Yongrui:First of all, I would like to thank Professor Nakajima for coming to Seoul. Among the questions received in advance, it was written that "personal issues do not involve privacy issues". I think you indicated this article with reference to Benjamin and Levinas. This inspired me and looked back on my childhood.

First of all, I want to emphasize one point. I was born in August 1953, shortly after the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement (July 1953). My parents were born in Huanghai Road, North Korea, and moved to the south across the 38th parallel, which is called "Vietnam" in Korean, so my parents are both "Vietnamese citizens". This kind of birth and experience formed my first impression of childhood.

Incheon, like Yokohama in Japan, is also a seaport city that opened to the outside world very early. I was born in the slums of this city. Although he was born in a slum, he was not a poor family. My father is a primary school teacher, so our family is a rich class in the slums. I have been very sensitive to the "difference" between the poverty around me and my living conditions since I was a child. I am not only insensitive to the gap between the rich and the poor around me and the differences between myself, but also worried about poverty and the gap between the rich and the poor although I was a child.

My sensitivity to the gap between the rich and the poor probably stems from two influences. One is Christianity. My mother is a Christian. Under her influence, I learned to understand and face the gap between the rich and the poor. The other is family reasons, and parents are not in harmony. As a "Vietnamese citizen", there are often disputes at home. Mothers are sometimes treated violently by their fathers, which is a domestic violence. I have been thinking about "why do we live in such a violent environment" since a long time ago, and I feel the same for my mother. Because of this experience, I have a certain feminine sensibility inside. In short, one is the influence of Christianity; The second is thinking about the abused vulnerable groups such as women, that is, the minority groups in society. Since then, I have developed a perceptual knowledge of the weak and the poor in my body.

When I was young, I spent more time reading and writing at home than playing with my friends next door. Later, these became my interests and I spent most of my time on books. Maybe I have a little talent. My composition often wins prizes after school. In junior high school and senior high school, I participated in literary and art activity groups. When I was in college, I wanted to study literature, especially Chinese literature. However, they are opposed by their parents. They think that "learning literature and being poor all their lives" should be studied in law or philosophy. Finally, I made a compromise and chose history.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Recently, I just read Xian Xixian’s Till Death, and found that Christianity had an extremely important influence in South Korea in the second half of the 20th century. As a Christian, your mother should often be exposed to poverty.

Bai Yongrui:Christianity has played many roles in Korea. Especially in improving the status of women, this has become a religious and social phenomenon. After being hurt by her father, my mother may have found solace in the church. Until now, the church still has the function of spiritual healing. From the perspective of Christianity improving women’s status, my mother has no formal education, but learned Korean and parenting knowledge in church, and was exposed to society and culture.

My mother was deeply influenced by the church, and I was deeply influenced by my mother. However, in the process of my growth, this influence has become a huge burden in terms of emotion and sensibility. Give an impressive example. In my junior year, I was arrested and imprisoned for participating in the student movement. It was a winter, and when I thought that my son was in prison for the winter, my mother didn’t use the heating all winter. This is "maternal love and burden go hand in hand". In addition, through the communication with the parents of those students’ sports companions, the mother also joined the democratization movement. Under the influence of Christian spirit, the mother gradually regarded the love for her son and the democratization movement as one. I witnessed the changes in my mother with my own eyes and was surprised that a person could change like this. This is a very deep impression on my mother.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:I once asked the Koreans in Japan and South Korea. It is said that the problem of domestic violence among Koreans in Japan and South Korea was once very serious. Later some young people criticized this. Those who were familiar with the situation at that time could not give a reasonable explanation even if they were condemned. Of course, the same problem exists in Japanese society, and many families have experienced violence. From this, I thought that those war wounds that are everywhere may be vented in the form of "domestic violence". This is not only a matter of Professor Bai’s family, but also a common problem in East Asia.

If you are not afraid of misunderstanding, isn’t it because of the influence of childhood environment that Professor Bai has paid attention to minority groups? However, unlike you, more people choose to solve the problem through male or paternalistic violence.

I think that "minorities" are often associated with some kind of "fairness = fairness". Professor Bai once wrote that the antonym of forgetting is not memory but justice. That’s true. But besides "justice", I deeply feel that there is fairness in it. After listening to Professor Bai’s words just now, I think it is precisely because of your childhood impression of your mother.

Bai Yongrui:As Professor Nakajima said, the transformation of war trauma into domestic violence is not only a problem for our family, but also a common phenomenon throughout East Asia. We abandoned our wealth and took refuge from the Yellow Sea Road in North Korea. As "Vietnamese citizens", our lives were hard. Trauma is manifested as the violence of interpersonal relationship.

I witnessed my mother’s misfortune, and thus I became concerned about the minority. This is concern for the mother or the weak. But at the same time, there is also an important reason for his father’s misfortune, or that his life should be like this. The concern for minorities or feminism is not limited to the concern for the weak, but also the concern for interpersonal relationships and people themselves. In violent relationships, people themselves are devastated. I have a deep understanding of this since I was a child.

Looking back on the past, men in adolescence will have the illusion and desire to show their masculinity. But I am small, even if I want to be such a man, it is unrealistic. Because of this, I began to think about my body. This may be an opportunity for me to understand women later. Recently, I began to use the expression "female element in myself". Childhood memories leave not only rational perception, but also physical memory.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:In Professor Bai’s thesis, there have been many expressions about body feeling. But this kind of physical feeling keeps a certain distance from the thought, which is impressive. Although the dialogue will be mentioned again later, now I want to say that the part based on physical feeling is an important element in the "universality" that Professor Bai thinks about. It seems that there has always been a strong physical feeling in your article.

Bai Yongrui:Thank you, Professor Nakajima, for reading my article. But as far as I’m concerned, I didn’t realize that I would resort to words for my physical feelings. It should be said that this is my future topic.

Professor Bai Yongrui

Second, the crisis of reading life and peace

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Next, let’s change the topic. Please ask Professor Bai to talk about his childhood study life. Levinas mentioned in his dialogue with Nemo that he read Russian literature when he was a child. Levinas said that although he did not need to regard himself as a Russian national, he still read Russian literature. What books did you read when you were a child?

Bai Yongrui:When I was in primary school, I read the world famous books published for boys and girls. After entering middle school, I read the complete works of world literature. But I didn’t limit myself to reading a certain country’s literary works like Levinas did.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Are there any works that are particularly impressive?

Bai Yongrui:What impressed me most was a reading experience in Grade Two or Grade Three. Living in a slum, only the priest can study together. We read History and Eschatology by Rudolf Karl Bultmann. This is a book about theology. After reading it, I became interested in such questions as "What is the power to push history forward", "Some law to control history" and "What is faith". Just now, I said that my choice of history was the result of compromise with my parents. To tell the truth, I didn’t really accept it myself, but in retrospect, maybe it has something to do with that reading experience.

At that time, the history department of Seoul National University was divided into Korean history, oriental history and western history. I chose Oriental History without hesitation. One of the reasons is that I am very interested in how Bultmann’s historical philosophy, historical laws and historical forces reflect these problems in East Asia.

Another reason is the situation at that time. In 1971, Sino-US relations began to ease. The relaxation policy is spreading, and people’s attention to China is increasing. Influenced by this, I chose Oriental History.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:I think many people have had this experience, and in the process of growing up, there was some kind of identity crisis. Some people have survived this crisis, while others have not. What kind of junior and senior high school life did Professor Bai experience before he went to college? Is it calm or full of crisis?

Bai Yongrui:I have hardly experienced an identity crisis (laughs). My junior high school and senior high school are famous local schools, and I have been the president of the student union, and the activities of the literary and art activity group are also very smooth. It can be said that as a good student, I live a model life.

However, I experienced a big crisis in my freshman year. At that time, the principal graduated from Hiroshima Normal School and was an anarchist comparable to Xian Xixian. He insisted on his own idea and changed all school exams to unsupervised. An English quiz in Grade One of Senior High School was not as formal as the mid-term or final exam. I cheated. After being discovered by the English teacher, I was not only punished by corporal punishment, but also taken to the office for one day. For me as a model student, this incident has become a huge trauma.

For a period of time after that, I didn’t want to go to school, and I was not interested in anything. I began to learn and try to master French, which became an opportunity to make up for the trauma. Although it was a kind of self-satisfaction, it did help me through the difficulties.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Why study French?

Bai Yongrui:After the recovery of Korea, German was the second foreign language. In my freshman year, I could choose French besides German. I am not interested in law, but I am interested in literature, history, philosophy and French literature, so I naturally choose French. Maybe the aversion to law is too strong.

The experience of cheating in the exam in senior one and the experience of being imprisoned for participating in the student movement just now made me understand how fragile and precarious the "peace" created around me is under external forces.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Benjamin’s Childhood in Berlin around 1900 also gives people a premonition that the unique calm state of childhood will be broken. Perhaps everyone will find out after adulthood that if it is not created by themselves, in the words of Professor Bai, it is the "peace" generated by their own judgment, then it will not be realized. Professor Bai experienced this in high school, didn’t he?

Bai Yongrui:I thought I created peace through my own feelings, but in fact, it was not through my own internal judgment, but based on the surrounding environment or the judgment of adults and schools. They think you are excellent, so I cooperate with external judgment to create a kind of peace. This is not the peace created by your own judgment. That "crisis" also gave me a chance to reflect on how fragile the so-called "model" is.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Have you participated in student sports since high school?

Bai Yongrui:In high school, I was not interested in student sports. I mentioned Bultmann just now. Actually, I was interested in historical philosophy at that time. However, after entering the university classroom, I found that there is no philosophy of history, but all courses are positivism. This may be influenced by Imperial University of Japan, and teachers have been discussing how to demonstrate historical facts. As a result, I gradually lost my interest in learning and couldn’t read well. Fortunately, students take part in the study meeting on their own-called "society" in Korea, which is similar to an ideological interest group-where they can learn about historical philosophy. In other words, we can discuss such issues as "What are the laws of history and the forces that push history forward", "What is the structure of capitalism" and "Who is the subject of history", and share various experiences with contemporary students.

Benjamin’s Humpty Dumpty: Childhood in Berlin Around 1900

Third, student sports and "learning as sports"

Bai Yongrui:After I went to college, I became interested in the structural problems of Korean society and joined a group aimed at cultivating social activists. Although the ideological interest group I joined had some connection with the student movement, what was more urgent at that time was the "October Reform" incident in Korea in October 1972. That is, President park chung-hee will change the constitution to realize the lifelong presidential system. Revise the constitution, formulate the "Reform Constitution" and move towards dictatorship. This happened in my freshman year. I went to school that morning, and the chariot was parked in front of the gate. The soldiers took control of the gate and drove the students out of the campus. Then, the university entered a state of long-term suspension. People can’t vote for the president directly, which runs counter to the democracy I learned in middle school and university. I can’t forgive the government’s behavior. This has also become an opportunity for me to directly participate in the student movement. The discussion about history study mentioned just now, for me, the influence from the ideological interest group far exceeds the formal university classroom, and its influence has continued to this day. As my own view of learning, I practice "learning as a sport". This is also directly related to the current research.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:I want to confirm the date. President park chung-hee promulgated the National Education Charter in 1968. At that time, Professor Bai was still a high school student, right?

Bai Yongrui:Grade three.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Professor Bai just mentioned that when you go to school, you can choose French as a second foreign language besides German. Is this a system reform because of the promulgation of the National Education Charter?

Bai Yongrui:There may be other reasons for adding two foreign languages. The important educational reform in 1968 was the beginning of military training in schools.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Dictatorships and similar regimes are bound to intervene in education and try to change it. The park chung-hee regime has completely intervened and changed this. You entered the university in March 1972, and the university was blocked six months later. How long did this blockade last?

Bai Yongrui:Five months.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:What happened in the meantime?

Bai Yongrui:Let’s talk about how the Reform Constitution elected the president. First of all, the "National Assembly of the Unified Subject" was established as the appointed body of sovereignty, and the president was indirectly elected through this meeting. Shortly after the October Reform, a meeting was held to elect a president. After that, various systems were improved by issuing presidential decrees. These things happened during the five months when the university was blocked. The regime established in the "Reform coup" became an orthodox regime, during which universities were closed. An exam was held in February, and the term ended.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima: You just said that when Nixon visited China in 1972, China and the United States started dialogue, and the situation in East Asia, including Japan, changed dramatically. As a history student, you should have thought a lot at that time, right?

Bai Yongrui:Let me explain the characteristics of the student movement at that time. The student movement at that time was not so much a political movement to change the system or play a certain political role as a large-scale cultural movement. Recently, some American scholars suggested that the student movement in South Korea in 1970s and 1980s created a "Counter Public Sphere". Let’s not talk about whether we should use this term, but our goal at that time was to build a popular national culture as an alternative to the orthodox culture of nationalism. Participating in the construction of alternative culture is the common value of activists. The main reason why the student movement can last until the 1980s is not only that it is a political movement, but also that it wants to create alternative culture in all fields of social life, and this conceit is the spirit of the student movement.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Since the beginning of the increasingly powerful reform system, you have spent this time as a college student.

Bai Yongrui:In April 1974, a large-scale demonstration took place in South Korea. This is a national parade led by college students. The authorities announced that the "All-China Federation of Democratic Young Students" led the March and attempted to create civil strife. They arrested the student leaders, and I was one of them. The All-China Federation of Democratic Young Students is referred to as the "Youth League". In fact, the Youth League of China is not a systematic organization. However, the authorities believe that this is an organization instructed by North Korea to act in a unified manner in an attempt to launch civil strife. I don’t have any officially appointed position, just a parade liaison in Seoul National University.

In the end, I was arrested as one of the masterminds of the civil strife. That parade happened just during the emergency measures taken according to the Reform Constitution, and the whole trial turned into a military trial. I was sentenced to seven years in prison and expelled from the university. At that time, the newspaper reported the Youth League as a criminal organization and attached a grass-roots organization chart. I’m in there, too. They said that behind this "criminal organization" was an organization called the People’s Revolutionary Party, in which spies instructed by North Korea attempted to launch a revolution, including Japanese independent journalists. In fact, the "People’s Revolutionary Party Incident" is part of a large-scale civil strife conspiracy fabricated incident. Later, when Roh Moo-hyun was in power, the case was retried. The court ruled that this was a fabricated event without any factual basis. In 2013, I was acquitted in the final trial, and seven years’ imprisonment was invalid. I was officially rehabilitated.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:It took nearly forty years.

Bai Yongrui:If you look at my resume, you will find that I seem to have studied in college for nearly nine years. In fact, from 1974 to the end of 1979, I was counted as a "student without citizenship". After the death of President park chung-hee, I was able to resume my studies in March 1980 and then graduated.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Before, I went to Jeju with Professor Bai. The "Jeju Island April 3rd Incident" in 1948 was also considered to have North Korea behind the scenes, and many people were killed. Such fabrications keep happening. Just now, you said that there were Japanese independent journalists in the People’s Revolutionary Party incident. What was the connection between the student movements in Korea and Japan at that time?

Bai Yongrui:I don’t think there is a direct connection between the two. Although Japanese and Koreans can bring Japanese books when they study in Korea, it is by no means easy and can easily be regarded as spies. Due to the situation at that time, everyone could not keep in touch with the outside world. After reading the works of the famous brothers Xu Sheng and Xu Jingzhi, you will know that it was a difficult time.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:The reason why I asked the question just now is because the student movement in Japan was at the end in 1983 when I entered the university, and everyone received a lot of news about the Korean student movement. Therefore, in my impression, students who participated in the Japanese student movement also participated in the Korean student movement, and there is a connection between the student movements in Japan and South Korea. But you just said that it would be regarded as a spy, which seems very difficult!

Fourth, reading life in prison

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:What books did you read in prison? What thoughts have you made?

Bai Yongrui:Although he was sentenced to seven years, the actual detention period was ten months and fifteen days. When I was in prison, my mother took part in the democratization movement. At that time, the democratization movement of the whole society was in full swing. The authorities were forced to make concessions and suspended my sentence. He was released from prison in February 1975. Although I stopped serving my sentence, I was not acquitted, so I could not return to school. Just like parole, you can’t go back to college, and you can’t walk around at will.

There are two books that are very important to my prison life. One is Taijun Takeda’s Sima Qian. After reading this book, I was deeply moved by Sima Qian’s spirit of writing history in a difficult situation. When I read that he was still recording history in prison after being tortured, I couldn’t help crying.

Another book is Li Yongxi’s The Theory of Changing Times, which is the fourth in a series of new books published by the Creation and Criticism Society. This book was lent to me by my cellmate Lee Hae Chan, who later became the prime minister of Roh Moo-hyun’s government. When he lent me a book, he said that after reading this book, you will have a new understanding of the China Revolution and the Vietnam War. Therefore, I take it for granted that this is a Japanese book, and I never thought that there would be such works in Korean books. I secretly got it in prison and found that it was actually a Korean book. There are new ideas about the "Cultural Revolution" in the book, and there are many new understandings of the history of China, including the "Cultural Revolution", which deeply shocked me after reading it. This book has refreshed my understanding of the history of China. It was not the class at Seoul National University that prompted me to revisit the study of China’s history, but the book The Theory of Changing Times that I read in prison.

Except me, all young Koreans in the 1970s were deeply influenced by this book. Including the late President Roh Moo-hyun, this book had an absolute influence on the young people at that time, so Li Yongxi was called "the mentor of the times". From the present point of view, you will feel that he is over-beautifying the "Cultural Revolution" and the Vietnam War. But at that time, during the period of capitalist development after rapid economic growth, various problems emerged in Korean society. This book provided us with a mirror to reflect on reality and understand ourselves. This is the meaning of this book. In short, The Theory of Changing Times is like putting a mirror outside us, so that everyone can reflect on themselves. In this sense, this book, as a weapon to criticize Korean society, has achieved remarkable results. Even now, we should acknowledge its value.

Li Yongxi later wrote Idol and Reason. This title simply and clearly summarizes the mental state of Korean society at that time. ……

In the situation in East Asia at that time, the atmosphere of reconciliation and relaxation policies between China and the United States swept across the country. In such an international situation, the key word "transformation" was generally accepted by Korean society at that time. If we regard this era as an era of transformation, we need new theories that conform to this era. Idol and Reason is a work that meets this requirement. Therefore, Li Yongxi’s works were accepted by many young people at that time.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:This is "learning as a sport".

Bai Yongrui’s Thoughts of East Asia

V. Changing society through language

Bai Yongrui:After I got out of prison, I was in a state of nothing to do. Criminal police often followed, and the general environment at that time was that the participants in the student movement either engaged in political activities in the wild, or worked in factories under cover, and then formed trade unions to carry out labor movements. These are the ways for people who are interested in the revolutionary movement, but I can’t do it. Later, I became an editor in a publishing house. This publishing house is the "Creation and Criticism Society" that is still related to me (its name was changed to "Chuangpi" in 2003).

Shortly after I got out of prison, I visited teacher Li Yongxi’s home. I admire Teacher Li very much. We read and discussed together, from literature to the revolutionary history of China. At the same time, as an editor, I work with books. Because of some trauma in my mind, or some feeling I have had since childhood, and I like reading and writing, I began to realize that it is my duty to change society through language through editing this job.

Of course, the reason why I think of changing society through language is also related to my personal habits and growing experience. But the most important thing is that I do feel the reform power of language. What impressed me the most was after returning to the university campus in the spring of 1980. At that time, the university wall was covered with posters, on which students quoted Mr. Li Yongxi’s words and extracted sentences from books and magazines published by my creative and critical society, showing the demand for social change. Seeing this, I deeply feel the power of language and how important it is to elaborate ideas.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:You can feel the vitality of language by quoting the ideas in the books of Teacher Li Yongxi and the Creation and Criticism Society. When I was in college, there were also vertical billboards and posters on campus, but the words on them made people feel old and lifeless. I passed the end of the student movement in Japan, which was completely different from Professor Bai’s experience.

After resuming your studies, you graduated from undergraduate course in August 1981. In March of the following year, I entered the Graduate School of Tankook University (Korean schools graduated in August and entered in March). At that time, many partners who participated in the student movement and colleagues in the creative and critical society were outside the university campus. Who did you mainly act with?

Bai Yongrui:First of all, Lee Hae Chan mentioned just now, and Jin Zhihe, a poet who served his sentence together. Immediately after I got out of prison, I went to see Mr. Li Yongxi and studied the revolutionary history of China with him. Jin Zhihe told me that you shouldn’t be a political athlete or a labor athlete, you should be a scholar. He also said that Teacher Li Yongxi viewed the China issue from a journalist’s point of view. As a scholar, you can study the history of China as an ideological issue or a historical issue, which is exactly what you need now, and this is also your duty.

Six, from the history centered on human history to social humanities.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Just talking about Taijun Takeda’s Sima Qian, China’s historiography pays attention to exploring the changes of the times and its reasons, which is different from the emphasis of modern historiography. The history you want to learn from Mr. Li Yongxi is about the historical structure of the China Revolution, but it seems to be a combination of traditional China historiography and modern historiography to discuss how this structure came into being and how it changed.

Bai Yongrui:Professor Nakajima’s comments are very interesting. So far, I haven’t thought deeply about this problem. Now I can explain my thoughts.

Modern historiography expounds history with the system and structure as the center, but China’s viewpoints and narratives focus on people. I think we should find a narrative way that can transcend these two historiography. Therefore, we should focus on "people" first. However, this does not refer to a famous person or related historical stories of China, let alone modern historiography which focuses on system and structure. What I am concerned about is not the "people" themselves, but the relationship between those who live in the system and the structure. This is "history centered on human history". I wonder if I answered your question just now. How to develop history centered on human history is my current research topic.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:There are also historians like Naito Hunan. Naito’s stories are large in scale, which makes people understand the reasons for the rise and fall of traditional China’s rebellion, but in the end, it encourages the contempt for China at that time. Naito tried to combine the discussion of system and structure in modern historiography with China’s traditional historical narrative in some way, but eventually he lost his critical consciousness of the Japanese status quo.

Compared with Naito’s practice, Professor Bai wants to develop the two methods as two intersecting lines, which is exactly the opposite. In other words, your approach is neither to focus on the characters in China’s rebellion, nor to focus on the system and structure but make the characters disappear from history, as in modern western historiography. Therefore, Professor Bai’s article not only pays attention to human history, making it appear repeatedly, but also has a critical consciousness of the present situation.

Bai Yongrui:I am very grateful to Professor Nakajima for evaluating my research work from that perspective. You said that my research method is completely opposite to that of Naito Hunan, and I was really scared. In any case, Professor Nakajima did point out the direction of future historical research with a novel point of view.

No matter what changes and twists and turns occur in history, history must focus on human history. For me, this is the most important thing. The reason why I regard human history as the main content of historical research is not only because I have paid attention to literature since I was a child, but also because of my later creative activities in the quarterly journal of literary politics, Creation and Criticism, and the Creation and Criticism Society. Creation and Criticism is a comprehensive magazine that involves and intervenes in social movements and the current situation. It has exercised my sensitivity as an editor and a reporter. Later, how to construct and expound the history centered on human history became my main research topic. From this point of view, the crisis of "history as a system" and "history as an academic" is precisely a result of these historical studies ignoring human history. Therefore, in order to get rid of the "institutional" history that caused this crisis and result, I have always emphasized "history as empathy".

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:I’d like to ask Professor Bai again about the relationship between "academic" history. Excuse me, what was written in the graduation thesis of this master’s period?

Bai Yongrui:The undergraduate thesis is about Liang Shuming’s rural construction movement. My master’s thesis originally wanted to write about the May 4th Movement or the Communist Movement, but Mr. Min Douji suggested that, based on your experience, if you do research on the Communist Movement or Radicalism, it is not conducive to finding a job in the university in the future. On the contrary, you should study the Kuomintang movement, which is considered a "reactionary" even in China. Therefore, the master’s thesis wrote Zhu Zhixin, the left wing of the Kuomintang.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:I see. My master’s thesis was written by Zhu Zhixin, and later I did research on Dai Jitao who put forward the theory of national revolution.

Bai Yongrui:Zhu Zhixin was also one of the propagandists of Marxism, so he was studied in his master’s thesis. As for Dai Jitao, Japanese Sun Wen Studies introduced my Dai Jitao studies.

Photo taken on Dai Jitao’s rickshaw (taken in Tokyo in 1916). At the top left of the photo, it says "When I went to greet before the 5 th anniversary of the Republic of China". Hidden in the Meiwu Zhuangji Reference Room.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Have you been studying with Mr. Min Douji since you were an undergraduate at Seoul National University?

Bai Yongrui:Teacher Min Douji’s influence on me only became greater after the 1980s.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:I see. I thought you and Mr. Min Douji knew each other for a long time.

Bai Yongrui:After I got out of prison, I went back to the university campus first. After entering the graduate school, I entered the door of teacher Min Douji.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:When you first entered Seoul National University, wasn’t Mr. Min Douji there?

Bai Yongrui:When I entered school, Mr. Min Douji was already a teacher at Seoul National University, but he went to Germany for academic leave. Moreover, I have only taken one class, and there is no intersection with Mr. Min.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Just now you mentioned that positivism prevailed in the history department, and Mr. Min Douji was not one of them.

Bai Yongrui:In fact, there was another thing that happened. When I submitted my application for admission to the Graduate School of Seoul National University, I was told that I was not qualified for admission. At that time, Mr. Min Douji was very angry with the university’s decision and said that "it is impossible to be unqualified, what is going on". He told me that even if I failed, I could go to the exam first. In the end, I didn’t get into the graduate school of Seoul National University.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Therefore, you went to the Graduate School of Tankuo University.

Bai Yongrui:Although I entered the master’s program in the Graduate School of Tankuo University, I received personal guidance from teacher Min Douji for three semesters. This is not a formal research class, but one-on-one personal guidance, including the history of China’s philosophy, the history of Chinese historiography and thesis guidance. After entering the late period of Quan Douhuan’s regime, the social restrictions on former student movement participants were reduced. Unlike when I took the master’s degree, I was able to enroll in the doctoral program of the graduate school of Seoul National University. So, I returned to Seoul National University.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:So, once again, you are under the door of Mr. Min Douji. What kind of person is Teacher Min Douji?

Bai Yongrui:I once compared the academic achievements of Mr. Min Douji and Mr. Li Yongxi in a critical study of China. For me personally, both of them exist in my heart like prosecutors. Teacher Li Yongxi may ask, can your article become a weapon of social change? Teacher Min Douji may ask, is your article writing based on strict academic norms? I often ask myself these two questions when writing articles.

In addition to South Korea, Mr. Min Douji is also a famous positivist in Japanese societies. But I have been in close contact with him and feel that he is not just a positivist. It is often said that Mr. Min Douji, as a liberal, did not take part in the action to change reality. Although Mr. Min Douji is not directly involved, he will severely criticize the real problems in his essays and other places. In fact, before I took part in the student movement, I had a meeting with Mr. Min Douji once during my undergraduate course. At that time, I wanted to study history and take part in political movements, and I didn’t know which way to choose. So I confessed my troubles to Mr. Min Douji. Now, I have also become a university professor. When students ask such questions, I always find it difficult to answer them. At that time, as a student, I asked this question to Mr. Min Douji. Teacher Min Douji suggested that I should strictly distinguish between "words and deeds as a citizen" and "words and deeds as a scholar", and recommended Max Weber’s "Learning as a Career". I opened the book with great expectation, expecting to read an exciting article, but Weber was throwing cold water on it and the content was serious. I gave up before I finished reading, and was later arrested and imprisoned for participating in the student movement. At that time, what bothered me was how to combine "learning as a system" with "learning as a movement", and how to distinguish and combine "words and deeds as a citizen" and "words and deeds as a scholar" that Teacher Min Douji said. Today, I am still looking for these answers.

Some people who know my relationship with Mr. Min Douji will wonder why people like Mr. Min Douji tolerate people like me who are keen on real politics and have been arrested and imprisoned for participating in the student movement. In this regard, I want to say at first that Mr. Min Douji is not only a positivist, but also a magnanimous person who can tolerate people like me. Dare not talk about the teacher’s private affairs, just say one thing. Teacher Min Douji was born in Jeolla-do, which was once a fierce guerrilla battlefield during the Korean War. Mr. Min Douji had a predecessor who died in guerrilla warfare. This predecessor was intelligent and eager to learn, and he was excellent. Before he took part in guerrilla warfare, he told Mr. Min Douji: I entered the war for the sake of righteousness. Although I can’t continue my studies, you must continue reading. The elder entrusted his full ambition to Mr. Min Douji, and Mr. Min Douji kept this agreement.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:What a great teacher! At that time, you were studying under Mr. Min Douji, and at the same time, your intersection with the real society, especially with Creation and Criticism, was deepening. Through publishing work, contact with the society in different forms with student movements. Under Mr. Min Douji, your research has become more rigorous. These are things that Professor Bai grasped with both hands at that time. Excuse me, how do you promote knowledge research and social activities at the same time

Bai Yongrui:I’m still worrying about this problem. How to combine both at the same time? This is not only my personal problem, but also a problem related to my own research theme "academic history research" In other words, research is carried out around "learning as a movement" and "learning as a system", in which we objectively think about our identity. In this sense, the Japanese version of my book contains two articles that I like very much. One is The Birth and Decline of Oriental History, and the other is A Critical Study of China. I want to do some research on Korean studies and Japanese studies from this perspective as much as possible in the future.

Whether it is academic research or social activities, I am carrying on with these troubles. Before that, he served as the dean of the National Studies Institute of Yonsei University for seven years, and established HK(Humanities Korea, the national research project of Korea "Humanities Korea") with "Social Humanities" as the research theme. During these years, my colleagues and I have been thinking about how to combine "learning as a system" with "learning as a sport".

Whether we use the terms "learning as a sport", "learning as a system" and "social humanities" or not, we do meet companions who share the same values and think together everywhere. In the future, I want to move the main venue of the activity to the creation and criticism society outside the university, so that the social humanities can continue to carry forward.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:From the beginning as an editor, Professor Bai has always had an intersection with the Creation and Criticism Society. Recently, you have become the main member, and your relationship with the agency has gone further. Excuse me, what is your relationship with Mr. Bai Leqing, editor-in-chief of Creation and Criticism?

Bai Yongrui:Because there are very few people with the surname "Bai" in Korea, some people speculate whether there is a blood relationship between me and teacher Bai Leqing. Actually, we are not related. Because of teacher Li Yongxi, I got to know teacher Bai Leqing. Teacher Li Yongxi was sued for "The Theory of Changing Times" and "Idol and Reason". As a publisher, Creative and Criticism Society made teacher Bai Leqing a "joint principal offender", but he was not arrested and put on record, but helped teacher Li Yongxi to join the lawsuit. So, I naturally got to know Mr. Bai Leqing.

At first, I worked as an editor in the Creation and Criticism Society, and later I participated in publishing as a graduate student and a university professor, which lasted for 30 years. I often think about my role in the creative and critical society. As an editor, an editorial board member and an editor’s main force, I have spent these thirty years.

I have reached the age of hearing. Looking back, my friends and colleagues who participated in the student movement all entered the field of political or social movements, while I, as a university professor and editor, have been dealing with books. For me, this kind of life choice is very consistent with my own endowment and meaningful. I am really lucky to be able to produce knowledge as a professor and a researcher, and at the same time to spread knowledge as an editor. Compared with the career as a scholar, the career as an editor is longer. From now on, I want to continue to work hard to do these two jobs.

　　People’s Daily Online, Beijing, May 16 (Reporter Yang Xi) According to the National Bureau of Statistics, in April 2023, China’s economy and society resumed normal operation in an all-round way, most production and demand indicators increased year-on-year, service industry and consumption recovered quickly, employment prices were generally stable, and economic operation continued to recover to a good trend.

　　Fu Linghui, spokesperson of the National Bureau of Statistics and director of the National Economic Statistics Department, said that overall, in April, the national economy continued to recover and the positive factors accumulated. However, we must also see that the international environment is still complicated and severe, domestic demand is still insufficient, and the endogenous driving force for economic recovery is not strong. In the next stage, we should adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, comprehensively deepen reform and opening up, combine giving full play to the effectiveness of policies with stimulating the vitality of business entities, actively restore and expand demand, accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system, promote the effective improvement of quality and reasonable growth of quantity of the economy, and strive to promote high-quality economic development.

　　The service industry continued to pick up, and the contact-gathering service industry improved significantly.

　　In April, the national service industry production index increased by 13.5% year-on-year, 4.3 percentage points faster than last month. By industry, the production index of accommodation and catering, wholesale and retail, transportation, warehousing and postal services, information transmission, software and information technology services increased by 48.7%, 18.8%, 17.6% and 13.2% respectively, which was 18.8, 7.9, 5.7 and 1.2 percentage points higher than that of last month. From January to April, the national service industry production index increased by 8.4% year-on-year, 1.7 percentage points faster than that in January-March. From January to March, the operating income of service enterprises above designated size increased by 5.0% year-on-year. In April, the business activity index of service industry was 55.1%, and the expected business activity index was 62.3%. Among them, the business activity index of railway transportation, air transportation, accommodation, telecommunications, radio and television, satellite transmission services, culture, sports and entertainment and other industries was in the high boom zone of more than 60%.

　　Industrial production is generally stable, and the equipment manufacturing industry is growing rapidly.

　　In April, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 5.6% year-on-year, 1.7 percentage points faster than last month; The chain decreased by 0.47%. In terms of three categories, the added value of the mining industry was flat year-on-year, with the manufacturing industry increasing by 6.5% and the electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industries increasing by 4.8%. The added value of equipment manufacturing industry increased by 13.2% year-on-year, 5.3 percentage points faster than last month. In terms of economic types, the added value of state-owned holding enterprises increased by 6.6% year-on-year; Joint-stock enterprises increased by 4.4%, and foreign-invested enterprises from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan increased by 11.8%. Private enterprises increased by 1.6%. In terms of products, the output of new energy vehicles and solar cell products increased by 85.4% and 69.1% respectively. From January to April, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 3.6% year-on-year, 0.6 percentage points faster than that in January-March. In April, the purchasing manager index of manufacturing industry was 49.2%, and the expected index of enterprise production and operation activities was 54.7%.

　　Market sales grew rapidly, and online retail sales increased rapidly.

　　In April, the total retail sales of social consumer goods was 3,491 billion yuan, up 18.4% year-on-year, 7.8 percentage points faster than last month; The chain increased by 0.49%. According to the location of business units, the retail sales of urban consumer goods reached 3,039.8 billion yuan, up 18.6% year-on-year; The retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 451.3 billion yuan, up by 17.3%. By consumption type, the retail sales of commodities reached 3,115.9 billion yuan, up by 15.9%; The catering revenue was 375.1 billion yuan, an increase of 43.8%. The sales of upgraded goods grew rapidly, and the retail sales of gold, silver and jewelry, sports and entertainment goods and cosmetics above designated size increased by 44.7%, 25.7% and 24.3% respectively. From January to April, the total retail sales of social consumer goods was 14,983.3 billion yuan, up 8.5% year-on-year, 2.7 percentage points faster than that in January-March. The national online retail sales reached 4,410.8 billion yuan, up 12.3% year-on-year, 3.7 percentage points faster than that in January-March. Among them, the online retail sales of physical goods was 3,716.4 billion yuan, up by 10.4%, accounting for 24.8% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods.

　　The scale of investment in fixed assets has expanded, and investment in high-tech industries has grown rapidly.

　　From January to April, the national investment in fixed assets (excluding farmers) was 1,474.82 billion yuan, up 4.7% year-on-year, down 0.4 percentage point from January to March. In terms of fields, infrastructure investment increased by 8.5% year-on-year, manufacturing investment increased by 6.4%, and real estate development investment decreased by 6.2%. The national commercial housing sales area was 376.36 million square meters, down 0.4% year-on-year; The sales of commercial housing reached 3,975 billion yuan, up by 8.8%. By industry, investment in the primary industry increased by 0.3%, investment in the secondary industry increased by 8.4%, and investment in the tertiary industry increased by 3.1%. Private investment increased by 0.4%. Investment in high-tech industries increased by 14.7% year-on-year, of which investment in high-tech manufacturing and high-tech service industries increased by 15.3% and 13.4% respectively. In the high-tech manufacturing industry, the investment in electronic and communication equipment manufacturing, medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing increased by 19.9% and 19.4% respectively; In the high-tech service industry, the investment in scientific and technological achievements transformation service industry and professional technical service industry increased by 42.1% and 33.9% respectively. Investment in social fields increased by 5.6%, of which investment in health and education increased by 13.8% and 5.0% respectively. In April, investment in fixed assets (excluding farmers) decreased by 0.64% from the previous month.

　　The import and export of goods continued to grow and the trade structure continued to be optimized.

　　In April, the total import and export of goods was 3,434.7 billion yuan, up 8.9% year-on-year. Among them, exports were 2,026.5 billion yuan, an increase of 16.8%; Imports reached 1,408.1 billion yuan, down 0.8%. Import and export balance, with a trade surplus of 618.4 billion yuan. From January to April, the total import and export volume of goods was 13,323.2 billion yuan, up 5.8% year-on-year. Among them, exports reached 7,672.9 billion yuan, up by 10.6%; Imports reached 5,650.3 billion yuan, up by 0.02%. From January to April, the import and export of general trade increased by 8.5% year-on-year, accounting for 65.4% of the total import and export, an increase of 1.6 percentage points over the same period of last year. The import and export of private enterprises increased by 15.8%, accounting for 52.9% of the total import and export, an increase of 4.6 percentage points over the same period of last year. The export of mechanical and electrical products increased by 10.5%, accounting for 57.9% of the total export.

　　The employment situation is generally stable, and the urban survey unemployment rate has dropped.

　　In April, the national urban survey unemployment rate was 5.2%, down 0.1 percentage point from the previous month. The unemployment rate of local registered labor force survey is 5.1%; The survey unemployment rate of migrant registered labor force is 5.4%, of which the survey unemployment rate of migrant agricultural registered labor force is 5.1%. The unemployment rate of the 16-24-year-old and 25-59-year-old labor force survey is 20.4% and 4.2% respectively. Among the 25-59-year-old labor force, the survey unemployment rate of junior high school education or below, senior high school education, junior college education and bachelor degree or above is 4.5%, 4.6%, 4.0% and 3.1% respectively. The survey unemployment rate in 31 big cities and towns is 5.5%. The average weekly working hours of employees in enterprises nationwide are 48.8 hours.

　　Consumer prices rose year-on-year, while industrial producer prices fell year-on-year.

　　In April, the national consumer price (CPI) rose by 0.1% year-on-year and decreased by 0.1% quarter-on-quarter. By category, the prices of food, tobacco and alcohol increased by 0.8%, clothing by 0.9%, housing by 0.2%, daily necessities and services by 0.1%, transportation and communication by 3.3%, education, culture and entertainment by 1.9%, medical care by 1.0% and other supplies and services by 3.5%. Among the prices of food, tobacco and alcohol, the price of fresh vegetables decreased by 13.5%, the price of grain increased by 1.1%, the price of pork increased by 4.0% and the price of fresh fruit increased by 5.3%. After deducting food and energy prices, the core CPI rose by 0.7% year-on-year, the same as last month. From January to April, the national consumer price rose by 1.0% year-on-year.

　　In April, the ex-factory price of industrial producers nationwide decreased by 3.6% year-on-year and 0.5% quarter-on-quarter. The purchase price of industrial producers nationwide decreased by 3.8% year-on-year and 0.7% quarter-on-quarter. From January to April, the ex-factory price and purchase price of industrial producers nationwide decreased by 2.1% and 1.5% respectively.

　　As soon as the sky was white in the east, Gu Yuzhong, a ranger in Chedaoling, anding district, Dingxi City, Gansu Province, got on a motorcycle and entered the forest farm.

　　"The bitterness in the middle of Gansu is the best in the world." Dingxi has fragile ecology, serious soil erosion and high evaporation. Locals often say that in Dingxi, it is easier to plant a living tree than to raise a child.

　　This is the 30th year of Gu Yuzhong’s forest protection. "I am responsible for fire prevention, theft prevention and pest prevention of 1,300 mu of forest. Although it is hard, it is very meaningful, and there is a good income." Gu Yuzhong said.

　　Chedaoling Forest Farm has 8 mountain ridges and more than 50 gullies and bays, and more than 13,000 mu of land is now covered with "green clothes", with a forest coverage rate of 92.75%. There are 208 mu of nursery land and 800,000 seedlings in the nursery of forest farm, mainly including spruce, Platycladus orientalis, Pinus tabulaeformis, Robinia pseudoacacia, five-pointed maple, Populus hopeiensis and Sophora japonica.

　　The persistence of green supports people here to plant trees without stopping. After more than 60 years of unremitting efforts, a green barrier has finally been built on the driveway ridge across Yu’ an county.

　　Walking into Nanshan, anding district, Dingxi City, green spread. And three years ago, it was still a barren hill.

　　In 2017, the poverty alleviation cooperation between the east and the west helped Fuzhou, Fujian Province in Dingxi, and started with ecological poverty alleviation, funded the construction of ecological forests. Three years later, the afforestation area has reached 11,100 mu, with an investment of 45.99 million yuan.

　　"Under the extremely dry climate conditions in Dingxi, the key to afforestation is to solve the problem of water shortage." Chen Zhengbin, a member of the Party Committee of anding district Forestry and Grassland Bureau in Dingxi City, said that with the help of Fuzhou, they chose drought-tolerant tree species, added water-retaining agents during afforestation, and built water conservancy facilities at the same time, which led to this green field under their feet.

　　By September, 2020, anding district’s forestry land area accounts for 38% of the total land area, with 1,177,500 mu of natural grassland and a forest coverage rate of 17.98%. Satellite images show that in the past 20 years, Dingxi’s green has been expanding from point to line and from line to surface.

　　The mountain is called "tableland" here, with steep surroundings and flat top. The crack between the two mountains is called a "ditch", and a new road is paved at the bottom of the ditch, drifting away. Standing on a high place overlooking, Haloxylon ammodendron is a forest with dense vegetation. The once endless dry plateau is now covered with "green clothes" … …

On September 7, 2013, the Supreme Leader of China president delivered a speech entitled "Promoting People’s Friendship and Creating a Better Future" at Nazarbayev University in Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan. In the speech, the Supreme Leader advocated that Eurasian countries should gradually form regional cooperation through policy communication, road connectivity, smooth trade, currency circulation and people’s hearts, and finally revive the ancient Silk Road. How countries along the Silk Road, especially those in Central Asia, view and actively participate in the construction of this concept will greatly affect the prospect of this concept.

Central Asian countries"Silk Road Economic Belt"Overall evaluation of

"Silk Road" is a trade channel between ancient China and Europe, and it is also a cultural channel. It was an important carrier of economic, cultural and scientific exchanges between the East and the West in ancient times, and played an important role in cultural exchanges between China and Central Asia, West Asia and Europe. The idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt" was put forward under the background of "closer economic ties, deeper mutual cooperation and broader development space among countries in Europe and Asia", aiming at promoting various exchange activities between East and West, so as to realize the common development and prosperity of countries in Europe and Asia. This is of great domestic and international significance to China. On the one hand, it will give new impetus to the strategy of developing the western region of China and help to narrow the development gap between the eastern and western regions of China; On the other hand, it provides new ideas for China to carry out its peripheral diplomacy more effectively, especially its diplomacy in Central Asia, and gives new connotation to the further development of its relations with Central Asian countries.

Central Asia is adjacent to the western part of China, which is the connecting zone between China and Europe. Its important geographical position has established the position of Central Asian countries as the core areas in the process of building the Silk Road Economic Belt. How the five Central Asian countries evaluate the "Silk Road Economic Belt" and whether they will participate in the construction of the economic belt will be an important factor that China needs to consider when formulating relevant policies. Without the active cognition and enthusiastic participation of Central Asian countries, the idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt" can only be empty talk.

On the whole, the idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt" has been positively evaluated by the mainstream media in Central Asian countries. On September 19th, 2013, the Central Asia Times published in Bishkek pointed out that "the Supreme Leader’s visit to four Central Asian countries has opened a new chapter for China to develop relations with these countries, and his plan of’ Silk Road Economic Belt’ has been welcomed by relevant countries". On the same day, the newspaper also reported the views of the media and professionals in four Central Asian countries (except Tajikistan), Russia and France on the "Silk Road Economic Belt", which were all positive. On November 8, 2013, Central Asia Times published an article entitled "New Silk Road Economy Brought Wealth Opportunities to China, Central Asia and Europe" again, specifically reporting on "Silk Road Economic Belt". Compared with the report in September, this article has a more in-depth analysis. It not only points out the competition among major cities in China to attract favorable national policies, but also analyzes the possible benefits, measures taken and uncertainties still existing in the "Silk Road Economic Belt" extending from the eastern coast of China to Europe via Central Asia, and ignores the criticism that China hopes to seize the resources of Central Asian countries. However, it should also be pointed out that the mainstream media in Central Asian countries have not paid much attention to the idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt". In addition to the Central Asia Times, the attention of Central Asian countries to the Silk Road Economic Belt mainly appears on the online media, and the print media rarely discuss this idea enthusiastically.This may be mainly because China has not put forward specific policy measures on how to build the Silk Road Economic Belt, so all countries are still in the wait-and-see stage.

Central Asian countries generally expectThe prosperity of the Silk Road

The Supreme Leader of president, China, pointed out in the elaboration of the idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt" that the economic belt will attract Eurasian countries and countries along the ancient Silk Road to participate. If this concept defines the participating countries as "Eurasian countries" and "countries along the ancient Silk Road", then whether Central Asian countries consider themselves as "Eurasian countries" and "countries along the ancient Silk Road" and whether they expect to reproduce the prosperity of the Silk Road will become an important criterion to measure whether countries are willing to actively and long-term participate in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt. Generally speaking, all countries in Central Asia believe that they are along the ancient Silk Road, which not only emphasizes that the ancient Silk Road has brought prosperity and stability to their countries, but also looks forward to reviving this ancient trade route. However, in view of the different roles played by countries on the ancient Silk Road and the different interests of the five Central Asian countries, the specific attitudes of countries to the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt are also different.

Kazakhstan is at the crossroads of Europe and Asia and even the center of Eurasia, and plays an important role in reviving the ancient intercontinental trade channel. In 1997, Nazarbayev said that Kazakhstan "is at the crossroads of Europe and Asia? ? Today, with the help of the world community, we are committed to restoring the Silk Road through cooperation with other countries in the region. In 2005, when talking about Kazakhstan’s national development strategy in 2030, Nazarbayev said: "Kazakhstan will become an important link and transcontinental economic bridge between Europe, Asia-Pacific and South Asia." It can be seen that Nazarbayev has been looking forward to rebuilding the Silk Road and benefiting Kazakhstan from it.

Kyrgyzstan expects that the revival of the Silk Road will help it improve its relations with neighboring countries and realize the development of Kyrgyzstan’s national construction, so it also supports the revival of the Silk Road. Osh, a city in southern Kyrgyzstan, was once the silk industrial center on the ancient Silk Road, second only to Suzhou, China. Kyrgyzstan played an important role on the ancient Silk Road before, which made it yearn to reproduce the scene of smooth communication and unity between countries on the ancient Silk Road.

Uzbek President Karimov also emphasized Uzbekistan’s contribution to the ancient Silk Road, and believed that Uzbekistan in Timur era was the hub of the ancient Silk Road, and its capital Samarkand even constituted the capital center of interaction between East Asia and Europe. Moreover, Ukraine widely publicized its role in the ancient Silk Road as an international brand to highlight its rich cultural heritage and glorious history. In view of this, Ukraine hopes that the Silk Road will flourish in the contemporary era, and at the same time, it will realize the economic development and national prosperity of Ukraine and play an active role in political, economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West.

Turkmenistan also looks forward to the revival of the Silk Road. As reported in Neutral Turkmenistan News, the visit of the Supreme Leader Chairman to Turkmenistan has consolidated the achievements of cooperation between the two sides and raised the relations between the two countries to a new height. Turkmenistan is proud of its friendly relations with China, and regards this relationship as a key factor to ensure the stability and development of the Eurasian region. The newspaper also said that Turkey will support the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt.

Tajikistan is also the area where the ancient Silk Road passed, and Kuzhan, the second largest city in its north, was once an important town on the Silk Road. The people of Tajikistan also have a sense of historical and cultural closeness to the Silk Road. Especially after the civil war, the Tajik people are more eager for social stability and economic development, and hope that the Silk Road will regain its vitality and provide more opportunities for the development of Tajikistan.

Constructing "Silk Road Economic Belt"Feasibility of

First of all, the rapid development of relations between China and Central Asian countries has laid a good foundation for building the Silk Road Economic Belt. Take the trade volume between China and the five countries as an example. In 2000, the trade volume between China and the five Central Asian countries was only $1.8 billion, while in 2012, the two sides reached $45.9 billion. In more than ten years, the trade volume between China and five Central Asian countries has increased by more than twenty times. In 2012, China has become the largest trading partner of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, and the second largest trading partner of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. This shows that the relationship between China and Central Asian countries has experienced rapid and steady development, and the deepening economic cooperation between the two sides has provided a solid foundation for all countries to actively participate in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt.

Secondly, the close and smooth political relationship between the two sides is a strong support for Central Asian countries to participate in the construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt". In May 2013, the heads of state of China and Tajikistan announced the promotion of China-Tajikistan relations to a strategic partnership. In September 2013, during President Supreme Leader’s visit to four Central Asian countries, China’s bilateral relations with other Central Asian countries were comprehensively upgraded: for example, China-Turkey and China-Kyrgyzstan relations were upgraded to strategic partnerships respectively; China-Kazakhstan relations have been further deepened into a comprehensive strategic partnership; China and Ukraine have further developed and deepened their strategic partnership and signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation. So far, China has established a comprehensive strategic partnership with five Central Asian countries. The close political ties between the two sides provide a basis for close and frank consultations on how to build the Silk Road Economic Belt.

Thirdly, deepening economic and trade cooperation provides a realistic basis for Central Asian countries to look forward to reviving the Silk Road. During the Supreme Leader’s visit to Kazakhstan, China and Kazakhstan signed a contract worth up to 30 billion US dollars. During their visit to Uzbekistan, the two sides signed 31 documents with a contract value of US$ 15 billion. During President Xi’s visit to Central Asian countries alone, the total investment and cooperation agreements signed by China and the four countries of Kazakhstan exceeded 48 billion US dollars.

Finally, the rich benefits that the construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt" may bring are the main reasons for the general positive attitude of Central Asian countries. Central Asian countries have made great achievements in political, economic, social and other fields over the past 20 years, but they still face many difficulties. The planned road connectivity, smooth trade and currency circulation of the Silk Road Economic Belt can provide important benefits for Central Asian countries to promote national construction and strengthen foreign relations, and it is the most reliable guarantee to attract Central Asian countries to participate in the implementation of this concept. Generally speaking, the benefits that Central Asian countries can obtain include: countries are supported in improving the construction of infrastructure such as roads, oil and gas pipelines and power grids; Diversified energy export routes; Promote the enrichment of domestic commodity market and expand foreign trade volume; Access to the sea can be more effectively integrated into the global economy; Form the motivation to improve the domestic investment environment in order to increase foreign investment; Further close ties with the outside world, especially with China and European countries, and so on.

Constructing "Silk Road Economic Belt"Challenges faced

First of all, starting from their own reality, Central Asian countries may affect their participation in the Silk Road Economic Belt. This challenge began to appear when Kyrgyzstan withdrew from the construction of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Ukraine railway. On the one hand, Kyrgyzstan announced that it would actively participate in the construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt", on the other hand, it announced its withdrawal from the construction of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Ukraine railway in December 2013. On December 16, 2013, Kyrgyz President atambayev even said: "In fact, the China-Kyrgyzstan-Ukraine Railway cannot solve any problems in our country." Although Kyrgyzstan announced its withdrawal from the construction of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Ukraine railway, it does not mean that Kyrgyzstan will refuse to participate in the construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt". The degree of participation depends on the extent to which this idea can meet the interests of all countries.

Secondly, the different development levels of the five Central Asian countries directly increase the difficulty of coordination in the process of building the Silk Road Economic Belt. After the independence of Central Asian countries for more than 20 years, the differences among countries in the development process have become more and more obvious, and this difference is also reflected in the differences in the interests of countries. For example, in the construction of transportation facilities, Kyrgyzstan hopes to build a railway connecting its south and north, Uzbekistan expects China to start the construction of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway, and Tajikistan continues to seek China’s help to improve its infrastructure. Moreover, there are still some contradictions among Central Asian countries, such as disputes among the five countries on the allocation of water resources, incomplete demarcation of national boundaries, inconsistent foreign policy orientations (including relations with China), and so on. All these problems will further increase the difficulty of policy coordination between China and other countries in the process of building the Silk Road Economic Belt.

Thirdly, people in some Central Asian countries have doubts about the formation of a closer relationship with China. Based on China’s economic advantages, some elites and ordinary people in Central Asian countries believe that economic cooperation with China is more beneficial to China than Central Asian countries, and some people in Central Asian countries are worried that with China’s investment, a large number of China immigrants and cheap goods will flood in. They think that China enterprises are more willing to hire relevant talents from China, which will lead to the reduction of local employment opportunities. Based on this knowledge, they have doubts about whether the construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt" is a means for China to expand its influence in the region. Although China has done a lot to promote people-to-people exchanges with Central Asian countries, the differences in interests, language, culture and development level still hinder Central Asian people’s in-depth understanding of China.

Finally, Russia’s attitude towards the idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt" cannot be ignored. As we all know, Russia’s rule in Central Asia has lasted for more than 100 years, which has led to many close ties between Central Asia and Russia, which determines that Russia has influence in this region that other big countries do not have. Not only that, Russia still regards the region as its traditional sphere of influence. In order to consolidate Russia’s influence in the region, Russia has put forward an initiative to integrate Central Asia in recent years, that is, the idea of "Eurasian Union". Although the original intention of China’s idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt" is not to weaken Russia’s influence and compete with "Eurasian Union", Russia’s attitude towards the idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt" is bound to affect the willingness of Central Asian countries to participate under the background that Russia regards Central Asia as its traditional sphere of influence.

Conclusion

All in all, Central Asian countries have expectations for the construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt", hoping to further develop their relations with China and realize their own development. However, due to the differences in the interests of Central Asian countries, the doubts of countries about China’s strong economic strength and the traditional influence of Russia in this region, the construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt" still faces many challenges. In this context, China needs to strengthen the following work to ensure the smooth implementation of the Silk Road Economic Belt initiative.

First, the interests of Central Asian countries should be fully considered. In addition to developing relations with other countries by increasing loans and investments, we should respect the sovereignty, local customs, laws and regulations of all countries, and gradually stimulate the long-term and sincere participation of Central Asian countries in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt, so that elites and people of all countries can realize that this idea is an effective way to achieve mutual benefit, win-win and equal development of all parties involved. Second, strengthen communication with governments of other countries, and at the same time refine the specific content and measures of this idea, strengthen humanities cooperation and mutual understanding with other countries, conduct in-depth research on the psychology of the people in Central Asian countries, and take appropriate measures to improve the people’s cognition of China in Central Asia after understanding their attitudes towards China’s expanding influence. This is also a problem that China needs to pay special attention to and focus on when implementing the idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt". Third, strengthen communication and coordination with Russia, and eliminate Russia’s misunderstanding and concerns about China’s desire to expand its influence in Central Asia. In this process, China can first promote Russia’s participation in the idea of building the Silk Road Economic Belt, and then communicate with Russia in time when relevant measures are introduced and implemented, so as to prevent Central Asian countries from weakening their enthusiasm for participating in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt because of their consideration of Russia.

(The author is an associate professor of Central Asia Institute and School of Management, Lanzhou University)

(Editor: Wei Dandan)

1905 movie network news Ben Affleck is expected to star in the tornado movie Falling to Earth, which is adapted from Kate Southwood’s novel of the same name and written by Hillary Seitz ().

The novel was published in 2013. The story took place on March 18th, 1925. Marah, a small town in Illinois, USA, suffered the worst tornado disaster in American history. The whole town was razed to the ground, and hundreds of people were killed, injured and homeless. Only Paul Graves and his family were spared from the disaster and suffered no losses.After the tornado, the graves family gradually accepted their fate and the fact that they were in sharp contrast with their neighbors.

According to the description of the novel, "they watched helplessly as the town was rebuilt from the ruins, and their friends and neighbors began to wonder and resent. How could this family be the only one who survived? As the town began to rebuild and recover, the family misjudged the growing hostility around them, which led to tragic results. "

Once released, Falling into the Earth won high praise from The New York Times and other media. The New York Times called the work "absolutely gorgeous". "The novel has a beautiful structure and a keen psychological description, which is a meditation on various lost emotions."

It is reported that Affleck will direct the film, but at present it is only certain that he will play the leading actor Paul Graves, and the negotiations between the two sides have not been completed. Affleck’s recent film was produced by Netflix, and he has just finished filming "The Road to Return" and "Father’s Last Wish".

Affleck has directed two films, one was released in 2016, and the other won the Oscar for Best Film in 2013. Now he will also star and direct the new version of The Prosecution Witness, and co-produce with his good friend Matt Damon. The film is adapted from agatha christie’s classic novel of the same name. In 1957, the original film was directed by billy wilder, a famous Hollywood director, starring marlene dietrich and Charles Laughton. It is a classic suspense film about court crimes.

At present,"Falling into the Earth" has not yet announced the shooting time and release date.

CCTV News:Today (January 13th) morning, National Cultural Heritage Administration held a report meeting on archaeological discoveries in Xizang, and reported four major archaeological discoveries in Xizang, including Qiege site, Mabulu site, Gebuseru site and Dangxiong cemetery. Among them, Qiege site is a rare site of early prehistoric human activities with clear stratigraphic accumulation in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which fills the gap between the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and 8,000 years ago. The blank of prehistoric archaeological culture in 10000 years, and more importantly, a dense distribution area of stone products was found in the site, which is expected to gradually uncover the long history of North China people migrating into Tibet about 10 thousand years ago.

This is a fine stone core, less than two centimeters, with angular surface and "cut marks", which is the effect of pressing and "cutting" with a special tool. This is the small part that has been "cut". It is called a fine stone leaf by archaeologists. Its edge is as sharp as a blade, and its size is only a few millimeters to a few centimeters. It was used by people who cut heat on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau about 10,000 years ago. It is extremely difficult to "cut" a stone knife. Small fine stone cores and leaves condense the great wisdom of ancient humans on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Paleolithic Age.

These stone tools, which surprised archaeologists repeatedly, were unearthed at the Qiege site in Ali, Xizang. According to reports, Paleolithic remains such as fine stone leaves and fine stone cores are often found on the surface of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, the remains collected on the surface can’t determine the primary strata and dating, and when human activities appeared on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been an important issue for half a century. In 2011, an archaeological team led by Zhang Xiaoling, an associate researcher at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, began to investigate in Xizang. In 2012, several potential sites were found on the banks of Shiquan River in Gaer County, Ali region. After further investigation and trial excavation, it was determined that Qiege site was of great research value. August & mdash; 2020; In September, the site was officially excavated, and more than 5,000 cultural relics were unearthed in an area of nearly 70 square meters. A long-lost human history on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Paleolithic Age slowly emerged.

Archaeologists said that nearly 30,000 years ago, the remains of fine stone leaves first appeared in North China, and reached a prosperous period about 15,000 years ago. However, the fine stone leaves and other cultural relics found in Qiege site in Xizang are highly similar to the remains in North China, and the time is relatively late. In which region did ancient humans migrate to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau? The answer has also become clear.

According to reports, in the whole Paleolithic period, that is, 99% of human history, human beings often migrated and moved because of changes in food and resources. Previously, the archaeological team of Zhang Xiaoling, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, discovered the track of human activities 40,000 years ago at the site of Naqunia in Xizang. The discovery of Qiege site fills a historical gap in the process of human survival and adaptation and the formation of Tibetan population in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau after 40,000 years.

Gao Xing, a researcher at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences:The ancient people, whether their remains or their cultural remains, may not all be preserved, so writing the history of human beings with archaeological materials can only be intermittent. I am afraid this puzzle will never be put together completely, but its big outline will be established.

　　The real economy is the foundation of a country’s economy, the fundamental source of wealth creation and an important pillar of the country’s prosperity. Our party attaches great importance to the development of the real economy. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to persist in putting the focus of economic development on the real economy. On the new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, facing the severe and complicated domestic and international situation and arduous and arduous tasks of reform, development and stability, we should deeply understand the importance of developing the real economy, aim at the direction of world scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, base ourselves on China’s national conditions, and focus on the real economy to provide important support for building China’s future development strategic advantages.

　　The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China drew a grand blueprint for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way with Chinese modernization. To turn this grand blueprint into reality, we must adhere to independence, self-reliance and self-improvement, and persist in putting the development of the country and the nation on the basis of our own strength. Sticking to the focus of economic development on the real economy and speeding up the construction of a modern industrial system can consolidate the material and technological foundation for building a new development pattern, enhance China’s viability, competitiveness, development and sustainability, provide a strong driving force for promoting high-quality development, and firmly grasp the fate of China’s development and progress in our own hands.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, China has firmly grasped the main line of deepening the supply-side structural reform, and the industrial system has become more sound, the industrial chain has become more complete, and the overall strength, quality and efficiency of the industry, innovation, competitiveness and risk resistance have been significantly improved, which has promoted the effective improvement of China’s economy in quality and reasonable growth in quantity, further laying a solid foundation for the real economy. At present, the system and mechanism of the Party leading economic and social development are constantly improving, and we have obvious institutional advantages and constantly improving governance efficiency. The fundamentals of China’s strong economic resilience, sufficient potential and long-term improvement have not changed, the income level and consumption level of residents have been continuously improved, and the potential of the world’s largest market is huge. We have firm confidence in further developing the real economy.

　　To follow the economic laws, conform to the general trend of development, persist in focusing on the real economy, and build a modern industrial system that is self-controllable, safe, reliable and competitive, it is necessary to maintain strategic strength and strategic patience, and move forward unswervingly towards the established strategic goals. At the same time, it is necessary to accurately recognize changes, respond scientifically, take the initiative to seek changes, turn crises into opportunities, and take the initiative in transformation and upgrading. First, we should persist in striving for stability, maintain a reasonable economic growth rate and leave room for transformation and development. Taking meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life as the starting point and the end result, we should organically combine the implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand with deepening the structural reform on the supply side, release the new huge potential generated by the organic combination of the two, continue to promote the construction of ultra-large-scale markets, and provide strong and lasting impetus for the development of the real economy. The second is to further promote new industrialization, strengthen the reconstruction of industrial base and tackle key problems of major technical equipment. Promote the high-end, intelligent and green development of manufacturing industry, and enhance its position and competitiveness in the global industrial division of labor. Seize the new opportunities nurtured in the process of global industrial structure and layout adjustment, be brave in opening up new fields and winning new tracks, develop and expand strategic emerging industries, and create a new engine for high-quality development. Promote short-board industries to supplement the chain, advantageous industries to extend the chain, traditional industries to upgrade the chain, and emerging industries to build the chain, and effectively improve the resilience and safety level of the industrial chain supply chain. Optimize the layout of productive forces, promote the orderly transfer of key industries at home and abroad, support enterprises to deeply participate in the global industrial division and cooperation, and promote the deep integration of domestic and foreign industries.The third is to implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talents and innovation-driven development, focus on improving the ability of self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology, strive to break through key core technical problems, achieve self-control in key areas and key links, master more "killer" technologies, and solve the "stuck neck" problem. Fourth, in accordance with the requirements of building a high-level socialist market economic system and promoting high-level opening up, we will further promote reforms in key areas, accelerate the construction of a unified domestic market, and optimize the business environment. We will continue to improve the global layout and make better contributions to the world while developing ourselves.

"Good things don’t need you to remember them deliberately, and they will leave a deep impression on people." At the regular press conference of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment held a few days ago, Li Tianwei, director of the Office of the Leading Group for Ecological Environment Emergency Command of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, used the above words to respond to questions from media reporters about the "12369" environmental reporting hotline.

Since 2001, the "12369" environmental protection hotline has registered and accepted more than 6.7 million complaints and reports for 24 years, which has promoted the solution of pollution problems around a large number of people.

Today, the "12369" hotline has been officially discontinued, but the inheritance of gathering the wisdom of all people and becoming everyone is still continuing.

At the press conference, Li Tianwei introduced that at present, the national ecological environment complaint reporting management platform is becoming a new "connecting bridge" for communication between the masses and the ecological environment departments.

Where is this platform used? How to use it specifically? What you care about, sort it out!

Network operation is convenient and fast.

The reporter learned that after the 12369 environmental hotline in many places was deactivated, it was integrated with the local 12345 government hotline. For local environmental pollution complaints and reports, feedback can be given through the 12345 hotline.

In addition to the hotline, there is also a "National Management Platform for Letters, Visits, Complaints and Reports on Ecological Environment" for the public to report environmental pollution, which is mainly presented through the official website of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the official WeChat channel.

At present, in the "Interactive Exchange Zone" on the official website of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, there are special reporting columns, which are divided into "ecological environment network complaints and reports" and "ecological environment WeChat complaints and reports".

The public clicks into the "eco-environmental network complaints and reports" to see the main page of the "national eco-environmental complaints and reports platform".

Click "I want to report" according to the operation, and then enter the administrative division selection. After selecting the corresponding area, you will enter the details of the report. Here, the reporter should fill in the detailed report information, describe the pollution problem and upload photos. It is worth mentioning that this system is equipped with geographic information, and the public can choose a detailed location for reporting. This is also greatly convenient for follow-up eco-environmental law enforcement officers to receive reports and return visits.

On the official website of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, you can also see the entry of WeChat complaints and reports on the ecological environment, that is, the form of QR code. You can enter the WeChat report page by "sweeping".

After the reporter’s operation, it was found that the WeChat report relied on the geographic information location, which is the real-time location of the reporter. On the WeChat interface, after simply filling in the user information, you can enter the official report page for submission.

The entrance to the WeChat report can also be found quickly in the "Convenience Service" section of WeChat WeChat official account of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.

The above platform reports will prompt that "the accepted reports will be handled by the local ecological and environmental departments".

Keep an eye on the report and do it quickly, and each piece has an echo.

Li Tianwei pointed out at the press conference of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment that in 2023, the number of environmental pollution cases reported through WeChat network reached 250,000, an increase of 8% in the first half of this year, which became an important channel for complaints and reports on ecological environment.

He introduced that WeChat online reporting has three advantages. First, it is more convenient. The public can report at any time and anywhere, without being restricted by mail and working hours.

Second, it is more accurate. When reporting, the public can upload the positioning, photos and problem clues directly to the platform, with more specific content and information.

Third, it is more efficient. The reporting platform is universal throughout the country, and the acceptance of reporting complaints "one-network registration, one-network transfer, one-network processing and one-network reply" is carried out through this platform, which greatly improves the efficiency of case handling and settlement.

For pollution reporting, the eco-environmental department has always adhered to the principle that "reports must be received, cases must be investigated, everything has results, and pieces have echoes". Departments at all levels do their best to do a good job in environmental protection during the college entrance examination, the two sessions, important holidays and major events, and focus on the reports and do them quickly to create a good environmental atmosphere.

"During the college entrance examination this year, we received a total of 176 emergency reports that affected the college entrance examination, especially the reports of noise and stench. We all supervised them in real time, and the local ecological and environmental departments also rushed to the scene at the first time to properly solve the problem." Li Tianwei said.

In the next step, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment will give full play to the role of the national ecological environment complaint reporting platform, actively respond to people’s anxieties, hopes and thoughts, promote the solution of the "urgent difficulties and worries" around the people, effectively protect people’s legitimate environmental rights and interests, help fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control, and jointly promote the construction of beautiful China.

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Original title: "After 12369 is stopped, it is more convenient for these channels to report pollution! (Attached with tutorial map) "

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According to 21st century business herald, the reporter learned from authoritative sources that so far, more than 100 senior management members of FAW Group have been taken away by the task force to assist in the investigation, and tens of billions of funds have disappeared.

On the morning of the 2nd, the working meeting of the board of directors of China First Automobile Co., Ltd. was held, and seven people including Xu Jianyi formed the board of directors of FAW Co., Ltd. The seven members of the Board of Directors of FAW Co., Ltd. are Xu Jianyi, Xu Xianping, Sun Guowu, Song Ning, Leng Rongquan, Duan Yongkuan and Hao Yinfei. Among them, Xu Jianyi is the chairman of FAW, Xu Xianping is the director of FAW, Sun Guowu is the employee director of FAW, and the other four are external directors. Since the end of 2011, FAW Group has been caught in the audit storm of the National Audit Office due to the problem of power rent-seeking. Today, this case has been further fermented, and the cases in the case have been exposed one after another. Due to the impact of the FAW Wo case, the management of FAW Group may undergo a major change of blood, or it may experience the biggest personnel shock since the establishment of the factory in 1953.

The people who were taken away to assist in the investigation involved the relevant responsible persons of several subsidiaries and departments of FAW Group, with a large number of people and complicated cases, and some senior management members of subsidiaries were even taken away. These include Zhou Yongjiang, former general manager of FAW-Volkswagen Sales Co., Ltd. and deputy chief economist of FAW Group.

It is also revealed that the relevant departments have set up five joint task forces with different classifications in response to a series of recent major corruption cases, one of which is responsible for thoroughly investigating the FAW series of cases.

It is understood that the main investigation direction of the current task force is locked in the violation of FAW-Volkswagen and the upward trend of real estate funds of FAW Group.

The media said that 100 senior executives of FAW Group were taken away.

More than 100 executives took away the investigation.

"Since last year’s audit storm, the investigators of the Commission for Discipline Inspection have been in and out of FAW Group, and people inside FAW are now worried. We don’t know who will be taken away tomorrow? " On April 9, a management person inside FAW-Volkswagen privately sighed to our reporter.

According to core sources, in the past month, more than 100 managers have been taken away by the task force to assist in the investigation, and many of them have been double-regulated, including Zhou Yongjiang, deputy chief economist of FAW.

At the height of the internal turmoil in FAW Group, many FAW executives booked air tickets to travel abroad, with only one purpose: to prove to the outside world that they had not been investigated by relevant departments.

"At this point, several senior executives in FAW have been notified to restrict going abroad, and the list of senior executives is obviously rarely known within FAW, so in order to prove their innocence, many senior executives chose to travel abroad." The source said.

The relevant case is significant and complicated. "There are tens of billions of funds unaccounted for, and now the financial clean-up work is underway, and some of them have been found to be misappropriated and embezzled."

According to this person, the fuse of the case of FAW Group was indeed due to the audit storm caused by the overall listing plan of FAW Group. "But this is also due to some conscientious senior employees and retired cadres of FAW System. Their previous reports laid some foundations for the investigation."

In the middle of last year, Jing Guosong, deputy general manager of FAW-Volkswagen Sales Company, was taken away by the discipline inspection department for investigation because of economic problems. The survey results show that Jing Guosong is involved in tens of millions of yuan. In addition, a person in charge of the large customer department of FAW-Volkswagen Sales Company committed suicide by jumping off a building at the same time.

"Jing Guosong’s investigation is likely to be related to FAW-Volkswagen’s internal handling of buyout resources." According to the reporter’s understanding, from 2007 to 2010, more than 170 non-commercial vehicles of FAW-Volkswagen were not recorded in time. The reporter confirmed from relevant departments that Jing Guosong’s investigation was closely related to one group of vehicles.

Real estate out of the case in the case.

In addition, the billions of unaccounted-for funds disclosed by sources are mainly concentrated in the real estate projects under the FAW Group. "This huge financial loophole has existed for many years, not overnight. Several insiders provided detailed reporting materials, which made a breakthrough in the investigation of the case. " The above-mentioned insiders said that at present, there are more than a dozen cases caused by the illegal operation of real estate in FAW, many of which belong to the case, involving a wide range of interests.

However, the insider refused to disclose the details of the real estate case of FAW Group.

At present, in addition to holding FAW Car and faw xiali, FAW also owns 13 enterprises, including faw liberation, FAW Volkswagen, FAW Jilin Automobile Co., Ltd., FAW Bus Co., Ltd., FAW Foundry, FAW Mould Manufacturing Co., Ltd., FAW Logistics Co., Ltd. and FAW Finance. Almost every enterprise has its own land resources.

The real estate projects of FAW Group also have considerable advantages in Changchun. According to local people in Changchun, almost half of the real estate projects in Changchun have the shadow of FAW, or participate in shares or develop directly.

However, FAW’s real estate project funds often disappear in the end.

"The relevant departments speculate that these assets involving the illegal operation of real estate development in disguised form of state-owned industrial land may fall into the hands of individuals, so several FAW executives are involved." The source said. Joint development with local real estate developers on the grounds of building factories and workshops. But it is puzzling that in the joint development, many projects have been "reincarnation" several times.

Deep water in FAW’s real estate business, as early as February this year, some media disclosed some clues.

It is reported that since 2006, Sichuan Mingjun Group has successively acquired three enterprises under FAW Group, namely FAW Chuanzhuan, FAW Hua Kai and FAW Hongding. The original sites of these three enterprises are located in the high-quality core area of the local main city. These enterprises have all moved or will move as a whole, and the original plots are used to develop high-end real estate projects.

For example, in December 2006, Mingjun Group, which had never set foot in the automobile industry before, injected 240 million yuan into FAW Chuanzhuan, a high-quality asset of FAW Group, by way of capital increase and share expansion. In the Spring Festival of 2009, FAW Chuanzhuan was moved out of its original site located in the core area of East Lake in the Second Ring Road of Chengdu, freeing up about 300 mu of land. Mingjun Group announced on its website that it will build a high-end urban complex integrating five-star hotels, Grade A office buildings, business and leisure areas, high-end quality houses and diversified financial and commercial clusters. The construction period of the project is 5 years, and the first phase is expected to open in 2013.

After that, FAW Hua Kai and FAW Hongding, which were also acquired by Mingjun Group, were both located in the main urban area of Changchun, with a land area of more than 200,000 square meters. The two factories have started the overall relocation, and the original land has now become the high-quality land reserve of Chengdu Zhonggang Real Estate, a real estate company owned by Mingjun.

It is reported that employees of FAW questioned Mingjun Group’s acquisition of FAW’s subsidiaries. In 2008, employees of FAW Hua Kai also expressed their opposition to the acquisition by Mingjun Group. They believe that Mingjun’s main business is real estate development, and the purpose of acquisition is not to promote the development of automobile enterprises, but to make money by acquiring real estate or reselling land. If they are acquired, the survival and development of these factories are insignificant to Mingjun Group, and the interests of factory employees will not be guaranteed.

In fact, during the relocation of FAW-Sichuan College led by Mingjun Group in 2009, there was a contradiction between Mingjun Group and some employees on the ownership of housing once allocated to employees, which led to the suspension of production. After the original FAW enterprises such as FAW Hua Kai were acquired by Mingjun Group, employees of the enterprise also visited the headquarters of FAW Group for many times because of treatment problems.

The people involved include Zhou Yongjiang, the former general manager of FAW-Volkswagen Sales Co., Ltd.

Changchun high-level officials frequently go to FAW to stabilize the army.

Drawing lessons from the case of FAW Wo, the case is of great importance and involves a wide range of personnel. Recently, senior party and government officials in Changchun, where FAW is located, frequently went to FAW to investigate and communicate with employees to stabilize the morale of FAW.

FAW is self-evident for Changchun politicians. According to the data learned by the reporter, from 1993 to 2010, FAW paid more than 190 billion yuan in national taxes, and its output value once accounted for half of Changchun City and more than one third of Jilin Province.

It can also be seen from Gao Guangbin, the current secretary of Changchun Municipal Party Committee, who has visited FAW for many times. On April 7th, Gao Guangbin waited for FAW headquarters to hold an on-site office meeting, which indicated that service and support for FAW should be the top priority of the city’s economic work. "FAW’s request is our responsibility, and we must support FAW with the strength of the whole city."

It is not difficult to understand that many senior executives of FAW have been investigated, and its vibration is great and its coverage is wide.

But FAW’s troubles may not end in the short term.

"The case of FAW Group is very complicated, and it may not be over so soon." The above-mentioned insiders said that the current management of FAW Group is actively striving for the overall listing, but before the internal case of FAW Group has not been investigated clearly, the plan to realize the listing can only be a castle in the air.

Financial problems of FAW announced by the National Audit Office in 2012

On June 1, 2012, the National Audit Office disclosed to the outside world in detail the specific problems found in the financial revenue and expenditure audit of FAW Group for several years, specifically:

1. From 2007 to 2010, the information of 176 non-commercial vehicles used for performance test and other purposes of FAW-Volkswagen Automotive Co., Ltd. was not recorded in time, resulting in the discrepancy between the accounts of non-commercial vehicles.

2. From 2008 to 2010, three enterprises including faw liberation Sales Company had 32,279,200 yuan of irregular invoices, of which 14,845,500 yuan was charged in 2010.

3. In 2010, FAW Mazda Sales Company underpaid the VAT by RMB 10,960,800.

4. From 2008 to 2010, the proportion of investment in research and development of independent products of FAW Group was low, and the profitability of independent brand cars was not strong. The profit of vehicle business mainly came from joint ventures.

5. From 2008 to June 2011, the affiliated FAW-Volkswagen Automobile Co., Ltd. failed to perform its management duties in 27 construction projects (with a total contract amount of 2.037 billion yuan), and the contractor changed the agreed site construction management personnel for each project.

6. From 2009 to 2011, the Marketing Management Department of FAW Group and its affiliated FAW-Volkswagen Automobile Co., Ltd. did not strictly review the advertising fees and some related project settlement materials, and overpaid 21,490,100 yuan for advertising fees, agency fees and project funds.

7. In 2010, two investment projects of two enterprises, including FAW Logistics Co., Ltd., started construction illegally without obtaining the right to use state-owned construction land, with a total investment estimate of 2.303 billion yuan.

8. Since December 2010, FAW Dazhong Sales Co., Ltd. has blocked the data exchange between the vehicle sales system and the financial system through plug-ins, which makes the data of the financial system and the vehicle sales system unable to keep synchronization, thus affecting the accuracy of the year-end financial data of the joint venture company.

Because the audit found that the economic problems of FAW-Volkswagen joint venture company were the most prominent, after the audit department transferred the materials to Jilin office in CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, with the passage of time and the deepening of the case investigation, the uncovered cases got bigger and bigger.

List of Development Time of "FAW Case"

April 1, 2013: Zhu Yanfeng, Deputy Secretary of Jilin Provincial Party Committee, made a public appearance to smash the rumors being investigated.

March 1, 2013: Xu Jianyi, Chairman of Chuanfaw Group, will leave his post.

February 25th, 2013: The director of FAW-Volkswagen Region shuffled the cards across the board, and the general manager An Tiecheng left.

February 18, 2013: The rumor of the mid-and high-level rotation of FAW-Volkswagen was related to the corruption case.

February 8, 2013: FAW-Volkswagen re-reported that the management change was alleged to have originated from the bribery case of former executives.

September 28, 2012: FAW Group prepares for the overall listing: 100 people continue to guard against aftershocks.

July 23, 2012: The case of FAW-Volkswagen Jing Guosong led to the inside story: using 4S stores to cover up money laundering.

June 16, 2012: FAW-Volkswagen executives were investigated for accepting bribes and their subordinates fell from the sky.

June 6, 2012: Jing Guosong, vice president of sales of FAW-Volkswagen, was investigated for tens of millions of yuan.

　　BEIJING, Zoucheng, Feb. 20 (Zeng Jie, Wang Chongyin) Since the ninth day of the first lunar month, the lost skill "Tie Tie Hua" has reappeared in Gelushan, Zoucheng, Shandong Province, the hometown of Taoist culture. With the gradual decline of the iron smelting industry in the last century, the blacksmith’s artistic performance "Beating the Iron Flower" once disappeared from people’s field of vision.

　　In an interview with Gelushan in Zoucheng on the night of the 21st (the 12th day of the first month), the reporter saw that 71-year-old Kong Lingfa and 46-year-old Kong Lingshuang went into battle shirtless and danced "flower sticks" with thousands of degrees of molten iron in various postures in the sound of gongs and drums. Iron juice splashed on a nearby prop-a big willow with many branches, and then turned into a giant flower with the help of wicker posture. The onlookers held their breath first, then cheered and screamed, calling it the most "thrilling" performance in the first month.

　　"How can the first month of Gelushan not be spent while the iron is hot?" While the iron is hot, Hua returned to Gelushan, which made Kong Lingfa in seventy years of age feel very excited. He told reporters that his family was engaged in iron smelting in the late Qing Dynasty, and playing iron flower was a "talent" performance that his family was proud of. As the fourth generation of his family, he witnessed the prosperity and decline of playing iron flower.

　　Kong Lingfa introduced that the cultural origin of Gelushan and Taoism was recorded in the Old Records of Zouxian County. In ancient times, five craftsmen of gold, silver, copper, iron and tin called each other brothers and respected the old gentleman on the Grand Master as the ancestor. During the Spring Festival, they sacrificed while the iron was hot. Since the Ming Dynasty, many famous iron smelting craftsmen have emerged here, and the performance of Gelushan while the iron was hot continued from the Ming Dynasty to the 1980s.

　　By the time the young Kong Lingfa "played with a flower stick", folk customs such as dragon dancing, playing bronze wares and knocking on gongs and drums had been absorbed, and striking iron flowers became the most imposing and joyful program in the first month of Gelushan.

　　It is reported that Tie Hua was listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list as early as 2008. There was no inheritor of this skill in Gelushan at that time. Kong Lingfa, who gave up the iron smelting business, has already become an out-and-out farmer.

　　Gao Dewen, director of Zoucheng Cultural Center, told reporters that Kong Lingfa and Kong Lingshuang, who are stunted, were discovered by Zoucheng Intangible Heritage Protection Center in 2015 and selected as inheritors. The Spring Festival of the Year of the Monkey is the first time that they started their "acting career" as non-genetic inheritors.

　　Kong Lingfa is from Beige Village, Dashu Town, Zoucheng, and Kong Lingshuang is from Henghe Village, Daping Town. These days, the two are leading more than a dozen young people to step up rehearsals for the official performance of the Lantern Festival. According to Gao Dewen, it can be seen from the recent audition that while the iron is hot, flowers are loved by the audience.

　　"Playing while the iron is hot once brought people infinite joy and excitement." Gao Dewen, who has been engaged in the rescue of intangible cultural heritage for a long time, said that playing while the iron is hot has strong entertainment and appreciation. Although the iron smelting industry in Gelushan area has declined now, playing while the iron is hot should return to the public’s field of vision and become an artistic performance in festivals.

　　Gao Dewen said that the metallurgical culture in Taoist alchemy pharmacy and the prosperous history of iron smelting industry in this area have been written into the newly compiled Zoucheng Literature and History Materials, and the flower while the iron is hot has also gone down in history as a cultural symbol here. (End)