Great anti-epidemic spirit leads young people to grow into talents

  The great struggle casts a great spirit of fighting against epidemic diseases, which leads young people to grow into talents. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader praised the youth in his important speech at the National Commendation Conference on Fighting COVID-19 Epidemic: "The younger generation is not afraid of hardships, difficulties and sacrifices, shouldering a mountain of responsibilities with their arms, showing their youthful and passionate style and showing the hope of the Chinese nation!" The great anti-epidemic spirit is the navigation mark of the growth and progress of contemporary youth, which will inspire and lead the youth to grow into talents for a long time, guide the contemporary youth to face difficulties and shoulder the heavy responsibility of the times, and contribute to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

  Serve the people wholeheartedly and adhere to the value pursuit of life first. People’s lives are at stake, and in the face of the sudden epidemic, our anti-epidemic commanders and fighters, regardless of their own safety, persist in taking the people as the center, rush to the front line and strive to carry out rescue, protection and security work. The virus is ruthless, and there is love in the world. It is the vast number of anti-epidemic commanders and fighters who sacrificed their ego and achieved great success, and made indelible contributions to the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic and the protection of the lives of more people, so the value of life was sublimated. As witnesses and participants in the fight against COVID-19, young people have accelerated their growth in the great fight against the epidemic, and their performance is gratifying. China people, including young people, have been tempered in the fight against the epidemic, and the value monument of life first will always be the value orientation and action guide to guide the growth of young people, and encourage young people to realize the unity of personal value and social value in serving the people, and to bloom brilliant youthful demeanor in overcoming difficulties.

  Keep up with the party and carry forward the unity of the whole country. In the face of the menacing unknown epidemic situation and the rapidly spreading social panic, the Communist Party of China (CPC) led the people to calmly deal with it, quickly turned the institutional advantages into anti-epidemic effectiveness, made overall plans and made decisive decisions, and organized the people of the whole country to quickly launch a people’s war, a general war and a blocking war to prevent and control the epidemic situation. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the people of the whole country shared the same fate and went through a severe test. Practice once again shows that the Communist Party of China (CPC) is the most reliable backbone of Chinese people, and the people are the source of strength to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control. For young people, it is necessary to guide the course on the road of growth, maintain a high degree of consistency with the CPC Central Committee in ideological and political actions, and love the country, the party and socialism; Closely unite around the CPC Central Committee, actively practice the mass line, connect with the masses, go deep into the masses, serve the masses, and unite the masses to create the great cause of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

  Live up to the people and show the tenacious will to risk one’s life and forget one’s death The epidemic was as fierce as a tiger. In the fear of unknown life and death, the anti-epidemic warriors devoted their lives to their mission and loved all beings with great care, and wrote a great anti-epidemic hero hymn. The fight against the epidemic has once again demonstrated to the world the patriotic feelings of the people of China, their heroic spirit of not being afraid of difficulties and going forward bravely, and their tenacious will to work tirelessly and forget their lives. At present, our country is in a critical period of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and gradually approaching the center of the world stage. There are many difficulties and obstacles on the road ahead. As young people in the new era, we should consciously carry forward the spirit of giving up our lives and forgetting death, persevere in hardships, rise up in hardships, grow up in hardships, and achieve the great cause of national rejuvenation.

  Seeking truth from innovation and adhering to scientific practical character. In the face of new infectious diseases unknown before, we uphold the scientific spirit and attitude, ask modern science for prescriptions and treatments, and speak with practical curative effects; Respect scientific laws and promote accurate coverage of detection, prevention and control with scientific measures; Insist on seeking truth from facts, promote differentiated prevention and control with scientific spirit, and promote the resumption of work and production; At the same time, strengthen innovation and jointly promote technical research. The great practice of China’s anti-epidemic struggle has once again proved that scientific response is the basis for achieving major strategic achievements in epidemic prevention and control. Science and technology are the primary productive forces, and young people are the new force to promote innovation-driven development and accelerate the pace of scientific and technological innovation in China. To carry forward the great anti-epidemic spirit and adhere to the scientific practical character requires the vast number of young people to consciously shoulder the responsibility of the times to promote scientific and technological innovation. Contemporary youth need to master modern scientific knowledge, enhance modern scientific literacy, and face difficult problems in study, work and life with scientific attitude, scientific thinking and scientific methods; We should strive to be pioneers and pioneers of China’s advanced productive forces, persist in facing the world’s scientific and technological frontier, the main battlefield of the economy, the major needs of the country, and people’s lives and health, and constantly March into the breadth and depth of science and technology, so as to push China’s scientific and technological innovation to a new level and better meet the people’s needs for a better life.

  Help each other with one heart and shoulder the moral responsibility of sharing destiny. The road is not lonely, and love is boundless. China has always adhered to the concept of the community of human destiny in the fight against epidemic diseases, promptly and actively reported information such as epidemic situation and Covid-19 gene sequence, publicized China’s diagnosis, treatment and prevention and control programs, exchanged China’s experience in fighting epidemic diseases, provided people and property for the world’s fight against epidemic diseases, and exported huge amounts of anti-epidemic materials, which injected a steady stream of impetus into the global epidemic prevention and control, and concentrated on the moral responsibility of China people to work together and love peace. In the era of economic globalization, as young people, we should consciously enhance the sense of community of human destiny, look at the great development, great changes and great adjustments in the world from a broad world perspective, actively participate in solving global problems with the moral responsibility of sharing destiny, and make our own contributions to seeking long-term peace, prosperity and stability in the world and building a community of human destiny.

  People can’t stand without spirit, and countries can’t stand without spirit. In this unexpected COVID-19 epidemic struggle, the people of China vividly interpreted the spirit of China with the practice that made the world sigh, inherited and developed the spirit of patriotism, collectivism and socialism, and forged a great anti-epidemic spirit. This is a valuable spiritual wealth, which will inspire young people to be loyal learners, disseminators and practitioners of the great anti-epidemic spirit; Encourage young people to firmly follow the party’s determination and people-centered perseverance, correct their own course in real time, and adhere to the value pursuit of life first; Encourage young people to carry forward the United strength of the whole country, to give up their lives and forget their deaths, to adhere to the scientific and rational practical character, to overcome difficulties and achieve great achievements; Encourage young people to look at the world, consciously shoulder the moral responsibility of sharing destiny, and work together with the world’s positive forces to help each other and work together. (Author: Xie Jiashu Wang Yuxing Unit: School of Marxism, South China University of Technology)

Empowering Digital Intelligence: China’s manufacturing industry seizes a new highland for high-quality development.

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 18th Title: Digital Intelligence Empowerment: China’s manufacturing industry seizes a new highland for high-quality development

  Xinhua News Agency reporters Ma Xiaocheng and Xiao Yichen

  On the assembly line, the mechanical arm swings and flips flexibly; On the screen, the numbers that record product information keep jumping … … In Shunde microwave oven factory, which was awarded the title of "Lighthouse Factory" in the world, intelligent quality management has been realized.

  According to the latest list of "lighthouse factories" published by the World Economic Forum, among the 132 "lighthouse factories" in the world, China leads with 50 seats.

  The "Lighthouse Factory" project aims to find a model of digital transformation of manufacturing industry, and all the selected factories are exemplary innovative demonstrators of "digital manufacturing" and "globalization 4.0". More and more China factories have been selected as "lighthouse factories", which is the epitome of China’s manufacturing industry seizing the new highland of high-quality development.

  According to Fang Hongbo, chairman of Midea Group, building five world "lighthouse factories" within three years is the natural result of digital transformation. Midea Group will also export the "beautiful lighthouse experience" through Meiyun Zhishu, forming a lighthouse effect and helping China’s manufacturing industry to transform and upgrade digitally.

  In the welding workshop of Chongqing Yongchuan production base of Great Wall Motor, intelligent welding robot is welding. Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Weishe

  China’s digital economy has been ranked second in the world for many years. This year’s government work report proposes to speed up the construction of a modern industrial system, speed up the digital transformation of traditional industries and small and medium-sized enterprises, and strive to improve the level of high-end, intelligent and green.

  "Digital empowerment manufacturing transformation" has become a hot topic in the National People’s Congress this year. Member Lin Xiaofa, secretary of the Party Committee and Chairman of Jiumu Group, proposed to empower digital intelligence to build a strong country and promote the high-quality development of brand power.

  In Jiumu 5G smart toilet factory located in Nan ‘an, Fujian, a futuristic digital production scene has become a reality: AGV cars connected to the 5G private network are fully loaded with production materials to shuttle flexibly; MES billboards all over the place show the operation of the workshop in real time; Digital precision injection kanban realizes the visualization of all equipment.

  With the empowerment of digital intelligence, the factory can produce 4.5 million sets of smart toilets every year, with a quality pass rate of 99%, cost reduction of 30% and energy saving of 30%.

  Lin Xiaofa suggested that it is necessary to build an intelligent and innovative industrial cluster of aircraft carriers, cultivate and develop future industries, build a policy system to lead future industrial development, and at the same time vigorously cultivate the industry benchmark "lighthouse factory" to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of digital intelligence in manufacturing.

  In the "Future Factory" workshop of an aerial work machinery manufacturer in Leidian Town, Deqing County, Zhejiang Province, workers are debugging the intelligent production line. Xinhua news agency

  According to the Overall Layout Plan of Digital China Construction, by 2035, the level of digital development will be in the forefront of the world, and great achievements will be made in the construction of digital China.

  The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council recently issued the "Party and State Institutional Reform Plan" and set up the National Data Bureau, which is responsible for coordinating and promoting the construction of data infrastructure, coordinating the integration, sharing, development and utilization of data resources, and coordinating the promotion of digital China and digital economy.

  The top-level design continued to improve, and policy practice actively followed up. All parts of China have made moves to promote the digital transformation of manufacturing industry, and "innovation" has driven "innovation".

  Anhui marked the action path of "Digital Anhui" in the next three years, and proposed that by 2025, the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises above designated size and the digital application of manufacturing enterprises below designated size in key industries in the province will be fully covered; Jiangsu has clearly accelerated the digital transformation of manufacturing industry, of which Suzhou will arrange special funds of 2.4 billion yuan this year for tackling key industrial technologies and intelligent transformation; Shanghai plans to increase the density of industrial robots by 100 per 10,000 people by 2025.

  "Building a typical demonstration project of provincial digital transformation", "Building a regional model of digital transformation" and "The digital transformation of manufacturing industry in the whole province has entered the forefront of the country" … … Looking at the relevant policy documents issued recently in various places, "digitalization" is a high-frequency word. On the key track of deep integration of digital economy and real economy, various places are racing. Zhejiang, Chongqing, Hainan and other places have proposed to strive to increase the added value of core industries of digital economy by 10% in 2023.

  Unilever and Luxue production base located in Taicang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, was awarded the global "Lighthouse Factory" in September 2021 and became the benchmark of local "intelligent manufacturing". In the factory, robots are transferring products to quick-freezing tunnels. Xinhua News Agency reporter Ji Chunpeng photo

  Industrial Internet is an important support to promote the upgrading of China manufacturing to China Zhizao. In the past five years, China’s industrial Internet has been fully integrated into 45 categories of national economy, and its industrial scale has passed the trillion-dollar mark, and its functions of empowerment, assignment and intelligence have become increasingly prominent.

  Zhang Xiaotong, chief engineer of China Industrial Internet Research Institute, said that from a deeper level, the same-frequency resonance between the industrial Internet and a new generation of information technology is expanding the broad prospects of integration and innovation, enabling more industries to glow with high-quality development and vigorous vitality.

  In Guangdong, Shugen Internet Co., Ltd., which provides industrial Internet services, has served more than 200 local manufacturing enterprises such as Guangqi Honda and Jianlibao, and empowered 36 "specialized and innovative" enterprises, among which Guangzhou digital project construction has tripled compared with 2018.

  According to Daniel He, co-founder and CEO of the company, at present, Shugen Internet is deeply empowered in dozens of industrial sub-sectors, such as equipment manufacturing, steel metallurgy, complete vehicles and spare parts, connecting more than 1.23 million high-value industrial equipment, and the total assets of the linked industries exceed one trillion yuan, with accumulated new benefits for customers reaching 13.6 billion yuan and cost reduction reaching 12 billion yuan, resulting in a total lean benefit of 25.8 billion yuan.

  "Through ‘ Data +’ The way to connect labor, technology, capital and land can multiply efficiency. " Daniel He said.

  It is reported that this year China will make good use of digital tools to promote the sinking and popularization of industrial Internet to industrial parks. Large enterprises and platform enterprises will further increase resource sharing and drive small and medium-sized enterprises to jointly carry out technological transformation and upgrading.

  Industry experts predict that the next 15 years will be a crucial period for the development of core technologies of a new round of industrial revolution such as "industrial Internet" and "intelligent manufacturing" in China, and China manufacturing will usher in a leap-forward development.

Craftsmen of Great Powers: Rope-making Technicians after 1980s set four firsts in China rope industry.

  Qingdao, China Broadcasting Network, July 19 (Reporter Jing Wong) "I stayed in the workshop for two days and one night when I was developing a new type of rope, and sometimes I fell asleep directly holding the rope when I was tired". At noon on July 19th, the weather in Qingdao was unbearable. Xu Lianlong, a post-80s rope-making technician of Hailiya Group, led the reporter straight to the rope-making workshop. The noise in the workshop was as high as 80 decibels, and it was laborious and even harsh to hear what others said, but it was the research and development "position" that Xu Lianlong had been sticking to for the past 8 years.

  If not introduced by others, ordinary people wouldn’t have thought that this gentle and shy guy, even some "silly" post-80s boys, has participated in the research and development of ropes in the field of special ropes, which has set four firsts in the rope and cable industry in China, and the developed marine special ropes have been successfully applied to major national scientific research tasks such as Jiaolong, Science and Snow Dragon.

  Eight years ago, Xu Lianlong, who graduated from the Textile Engineering College of Qingdao University, gave up his position as a civil servant in Qingdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, which was envied by outsiders, and resolutely went to the production line, drilling and developing ropes with old workers as an apprentice, and dealing with all kinds of boring machinery and ropes every day. In Xu Lianlong’s words, it is normal not to go home for half a month, and sometimes he directly eats and lives in the workshop, which is more than eight years.

  Eight years later, with his passion for research, Xu Lianlong, who is only 32 years old, has filled many gaps in the field of rope making in China and participated in the world’s largest submarine cable project — Among the major national scientific research tasks of "Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Project of China Academy of Sciences-Marine Special Instruments and Equipment Project". In addition, the marine special rope developed by it was also recognized as a "specialized, refined, special and new" product in Qingdao, and was listed in the National Science and Technology Innovation Fund project, and won the second prize of China Marine Engineering Science and Technology.

  Although Xu Lianlong has been promoted to deputy director of the Technology Center, he is still engaged in research and development. He hopes that the key technology of special ropes in China will no longer be restricted by foreign countries in the future, and at least let the world know that the ropes in China are no worse than any other country.

  Giving up civil servants to learn a trade has become attached to the rope.

  In 2008, Xu Lianlong, a textile major, graduated from Qingdao University and was admitted to the civil service position of Qingdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau with 700 people competing. "At that time, civil servants were a temptation to me, and in the year of college entrance examination, I was transferred to a strange textile major because I wanted to take a normal college entrance examination. At that time, like all graduates, I would have a mentality of seeking stability, but in fact, my position was not very consistent with my major." Xu Lianlong told the reporter of Yangguang.

  One year before graduation, Xu Lianlong worked as an intern with the master rope maker in the workshop of Hailiya Group for a period of time. At first, he just thought it was related to his major. After in-depth practice and "groping" with the master rope maker in the workshop, Xu Lianlong was somewhat "tempted" to study rope.

  "Although I was admitted to the civil service for inspection and quarantine, I didn’t know much about my major, so after repeated consideration, I gave up my stable civil service job and resolutely chose to go to Qingdao Hailiya Group to deal with all kinds of strange ropes in the workshop. At that time, I thought that since I chose, I wouldn’t regret it." Xu Lianlong’s idea at that time was very firm.

  After Xu Lianlong joined Qingdao Hailiya Group, he began to fully contact the rope industry. However, he found that the research and development of rope in China is still a very unpopular field, and there was a serious technical gap between China and advanced countries in rope production. Even ordinary coarse cloth clothing ropes have to rely on imports for a long time. At that time, Xu Lianlong made up his mind to make a modest effort to change the "embarrassing" situation of rope in the world.

  Less than a year after being promoted to the R&D department, the company handed over the research and development task of a new rope to Xu Lianlong to complete independently. The customer demanded that the rope must meet the American standard. If the rope produced cannot enter the American market, the enterprise will face claims, which is a big test and challenge for Xu Lianlong, who has just entered the business.

  However, Xu Lianlong worked overtime day and night to clarify the entry threshold of American cable and enterprise requirements, accurately "translated" American standards into enterprise production standards, and finally shortened the original research and development time from at least three months to one month.

  Since then, Xu Lianlong has become more obsessed with the development of ropes. He often "stayed out all night" at the critical stage of developing new ropes in the workshop, and later simply lived in the staff dormitory. "I am often 3-4 hours late for a date with my wife. Later, we directly agreed that if the meal lasts more than an hour, it will be cancelled automatically." This seemingly cute post-80 s guy also has a little embarrassment for his wife.

  Because 90% of the time is usually spent on the study and development of ropes, and he has less spare time and is not very sociable, Xu Lianlong and his lover met in Qingdao Hailiya Group, and they often worked together and became attached to each other for a long time. "My wife was also interested in my concentration, practicality and obsession with the rope industry." Xu Lianlong is a little shy.

  The "rookie" in the industry has become an "eagle" after studying for 8 years.

  "The floating rescue rope on the water surface used in the flood fighting and rescue period in the south a while ago must have been developed by our workshop. This rope has its own fluorescent effect. When the officers and men of the armed police rescue at night, the rescued person can judge the safe position according to the light of the rope and be rescued." Today, Xu Lianlong has become one of the authoritative experts in the field of ropes in China. When introducing all kinds of ropes developed by himself to reporters, it is like introducing his own "baby".

  In Xu Lianlong’s view, R&D work has never been accomplished overnight, and it needs enough patience and long-term accumulation.

  In 2009, Xu Lianlong, who went deep into the R&D department, received a task to develop a rope for scientific research vessels. The rope studied by Xu Lianlong is called geophysical prospecting cable, which is used to survey Haiyang natural gas and other resources. A vessel needs to tow 6 to 12 geophysical prospecting cables, each of which is at least 6 kilometers long, forming a fan-shaped operation surface on the sea surface. In the deep-sea application process, many exploration equipment needs to be hung. In order to ensure that the signal lines on the exploration equipment are not broken in the complex deep-sea environment, In addition, in order to ensure the stability of ship data transmission, the geophysical cable must be stabilized at the bottom of the sea.

  "Because our detection time is long and the seawater is corrosive, if we use metal materials, it will increase the load of the scientific research ship, and it will corrode from March to May. I can only re-select raw materials from all over the world. At that time, we selected materials from more than 40 raw materials from 200 manufacturers, and each of them had to undergo rigorous experimental testing." Xu Lianlong introduced.

  Three months after developing the marine cable, Xu Lianlong lived directly in the laboratory, tested and checked the performance of more than 40 kinds of raw materials, and finally found a suitable experimental material.  

  Then, Xu Lianlong carried out in-depth research and development from the aspects of weaving technology and treatment technology. After twisting the inner core, braiding the inner core, braiding the sheath, hot drawing and cold drawing, a qualified rope is finished. However, behind the complicated process, there are still countless technical indicators that need to be overcome, such as how many turns each rope core needs to twist, what level of twisting strength, and how much density and diameter the braided rope core needs to reach … … Every process has to be repeated hundreds of times. After more than a year’s hard work day and night, Xu Lianlong and his team finally succeeded in developing an extensible geophysical rope that can replace steel cables, breaking the situation of foreign imports.

  "It was a bit boring at first, but I thought that this type of rope has not yet been successfully developed by a domestic manufacturer, so I can slowly calm down." Xu Lianlong recalled that the research and development stage at that time was quite emotional.

  In 2011, the marine geophysical cable developed by Xu Lianlong went to the Pacific Ocean for scientific investigation with the Jiaolong, but no one would have thought that the research and development of the geophysical cable came from the hands of Qingdao post-80 s boys.

  "Xu Lianlong usually feels very practical, and what is valuable is that he really loves this industry, is practical and focused, and has no shelf." Colleagues who have worked with Xu Lianlong for many years commented on him.

  Not only that, in the process of researching and developing the cables needed in the aerospace field, Xu Lianlong is faced with hundreds of brand-new technical standards, and to reach each standard, numerous repeated experiments are required.

  At present, Xu Lianlong is not only the deputy director of the R&D center of the group, but also the deputy general manager of the subsidiaries of the group, but still insists on doing research. "In addition to ropes, our company is also involved in the emergency field, such as the fire apron that I am doing experimental research and development now." Xu Lianlong believes that once the research and development is successful, it will occupy some market share.

  On January 9, 2015, the self-cooling life-saving descent control device for high-rise buildings led by Xu Lianlong was selected as the national similar product in CCTV10 "Inventing DreamWorks" column. In the process of developing life-saving descent control device for high-rise buildings, Xu Lianlong visited ten construction sites and families, large and small, in order to understand the shortcomings of similar products and the real needs of users.

  In the eight years’ working experience so far, Xu Lianlong, who is only 32 years old, has invented hundreds of new ropes, and obtained seven invention patents and eight utility model patents. The special rope he participated in the research and development has set four firsts in the rope industry in China, namely the China depth, which can be applied to the depth of 8000 meters under the sea; China accuracy, the slip between the cable skin and the inner core is zero; China strength, the strength is 2-5 times that of the same diameter steel cable; China temperature, which does not decompose or melt in the environment of-196℃ to 560℃.

  Talking about craftsman spirit: it is indispensable to be willing to study hard and interested.

  Xu Lianlong, who is only 32 years old, won the company’s innovation award almost every year. On the 2015 commendation wall of Hailiya Group, Xu Lianlong wrote such a passage: Young people, it is more important to see tomorrow, seize today, forge ahead in peace, and you will create a miracle before the sunrise tomorrow.

  "At present, the young people I come into contact with are a little impetuous and complain a lot about their work, but if we want to know that the post-80s and post-90s will soon become the main force of national development, we should realize the gap between China and foreign countries in terms of ropes and cables, and we must be able to bear hardships, be willing to study and be interested in both." When it comes to this, Xu Lianlong is a little worried.

  According to data, the average life span of small and medium-sized enterprises in China is only 3.7 years, of which more than 80% are family businesses. But the average life expectancy of European and Japanese enterprises is 12.5 years. Xu Lianlong believes that the source of an enterprise’s success lies in product quality, and quality comes from our craftsman spirit, which needs to be able to endure hardships, be willing to study and keep loving.

  Xu Lianlong introduced that a manufacturer who visited a toilet in Japan a while ago made R&D products that were popular all over the world. However, the factory building is not a factory with modern facilities in common sense, even a little shabby, but Japanese craftsmen will treat R&D products as their own children and enterprises as their own careers. At present, Hailiya Group has less than 500 employees, so there are few private enterprises in China, but there are more than hundreds or even thousands in Japan, which is worthy of our consideration.

  For Xu Lianlong, the "artisan spirit" not only embodies the careful construction of rope and other products, but also constantly absorbs and learns the most advanced foreign technology, keeps learning, creates its own core technology, keeps pace with the times, builds a national brand, and at least lets the world know that China’s rope and rope are not bad. "

  Hailiya Group is a century-old enterprise. In recent ten years, it has suddenly transformed from an enterprise selling tie ropes into a leader in the high-end rope industry, and Xu Lianlong is one of the fastest growing people in the development of Hailiya Group. In Xu Lianlong’s view, enterprises are very important for the cultivation of young people, hoping that enterprises can give young people more opportunities, and he is one of the beneficiaries. During the conversation, Xu Lianlong kept repeating a sentence: Be grateful, the cultivation of an excellent craftsman must be related to the cultivation of enterprises and the policy support of the state.

  For Xu Lianlong, who will become a father in a few months, he hopes that his children will be responsible people in the future.

China’s economy is a sea, not a small pond!

  On the 5th, the first China International Import Expo opened in Shanghai. The Supreme Leader of president, China attended the opening ceremony and delivered a keynote speech. In the speech, the Supreme Leader’s speech that China’s economy is a sea aroused widespread concern. Why is China’s economy a sea rather than a small pond?

  Six favorable conditions

  The Supreme Leader pointed out that China is the second largest economy in the world, with a large market of more than 1.3 billion people and a land area of more than 9.6 million square kilometers. China’s economy is a sea, not a small pond. When the sea is calm, there are also times when the wind is crazy and the rain is sudden. Storms can overturn small ponds, but not the sea.

  The Supreme Leader said that everyone can be optimistic about China’s economic development prospects. China has many favorable conditions to maintain long-term, healthy and stable economic development.

  The supreme leader’s "China’s theory of economic sea" echoed the speech he made at the symposium of private enterprises a few days ago. At that time, he clearly pointed out that we should see favorable conditions and enhance our confidence in winning China’s economic development. These advantages include:

  China has great development resilience, potential and room for manoeuvre. China has a domestic demand market with a population of more than 1.3 billion, which is in the synchronous development stage of new industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization. The expansion of middle-income groups breeds a large number of consumption upgrading needs, and the uneven development of urban and rural areas contains considerable room for development.

  China has good development conditions and material foundation, the most complete industrial system in the world and the increasing ability of scientific and technological innovation, and the total savings rate is still at a high level.

  China is rich in human capital, and the comparative advantage of labor force is still obvious.

  China has a vast territory, rich total land resources and huge potential for intensive land use, which also provides a good space support for economic development.

  The fundamentals of China’s healthy and stable economic development have not changed, the conditions of production factors supporting high-quality development have not changed, and the overall momentum of long-term stability has not changed.

  We have the strong leadership of the Party, the political advantage of concentrating our efforts on major issues, deepening reform in an all-round way, constantly releasing development momentum, and constantly enhancing our macro-control ability.

  Because of this, as long as we maintain our strategic strength, comprehensively deepen reform and opening up, deepen structural reform on the supply side, and make great efforts to solve outstanding contradictions and problems, China’s economy will surely accelerate its transition to a high-quality development track, the people of China will surely overcome all difficulties and challenges along the way, and China will surely usher in a brighter development prospect.

  China’s economy is still operating in a reasonable range.

  In addition to the six favorable conditions, there are concrete data to support China’s theory of economic sea. In the first three quarters, China’s GDP increased by 6.7%, and in the third quarter it increased by 6.5%, which was in line with the expected target. The annual grain output is expected to remain above 1.2 trillion Jin. 11.07 million new jobs were created in cities and towns, and the annual target was achieved ahead of schedule. From the economic growth, employment, prices, international payments, corporate profits, fiscal revenue, labor productivity and other major indicators, China’s economic operation is in a reasonable range, laying an important foundation for achieving the annual goals and tasks. Compared with other major economies, China’s economic growth is still in the forefront of the world.

  According to the data released by the Ministry of Commerce on October 18th, in the first three quarters of this year, 45,922 foreign-invested enterprises were newly established in China, up 95.1% year-on-year. The actual use of foreign capital was 636.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 2.9%. Gao Feng, spokesman of the Ministry of Commerce, said at the press conference held on the same day that the industrial structure and regional layout of China’s utilization of foreign capital are also being further optimized, and the manufacturing industry, especially the high-tech manufacturing industry, is growing rapidly.

  The data really shows that storms can’t overturn the sea.

  The effectiveness of the policy has been or is emerging.

  The road to simplicity is the most important thing. Regarding some difficulties and challenges faced by China’s economy, the Supreme Leader said that on the whole, these are problems encountered in the process of progress, and we are taking measures to actively solve them, and the results have been or are showing.

  Recently, the central authorities have taken a series of measures. On July 31, the the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee meeting put forward "six stabilities", all localities vigorously improved the business environment, raised the tax threshold to increase residents’ spending power, and measures to reduce taxes and fees were continuously introduced … … This series of measures is playing a role, and there is a good example. On the evening of October 31, 2018, Beijing time, the World Bank released the 2019 Business Environment Report: Training for Reform. Among them, Chinese mainland ranked 32 places higher than last year, ranking 46th among the top 50 economies in the world. From 2013 to 2018, the World Bank’s Doing Business Report ranked China by 50 places. In last year’s report and the previous year’s report, China ranked 78th. This year, China scored 8.64 points higher than last year, making it one of the economies with the greatest improvement in business environment.

  There is no end to hard work. In the keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the first China International Import Expo(CIIE), the top leaders put forward five measures to further expand opening up, covering stimulating import potential, continuously relaxing market access, creating a world-class business environment, creating a new highland for opening up to the outside world, and promoting the in-depth development of multilateral and bilateral cooperation. At the symposium of private enterprises held on November 1, the top leaders proposed to implement six policy measures, including reducing the burden of corporate taxes and fees, solving the problem of financing difficulties and expensive financing for private enterprises and so on.

  With so many favorable conditions, coupled with the hard-working spirit of facing up to difficulties and solving them, China’s economy has a solid foundation. This is also the foundation of "China’s theory of economic sea". Storms can overturn small ponds, but not the sea.

Central Asian countries’ cognition and expectation of the idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt"

On September 7, 2013, the Supreme Leader of China president delivered a speech entitled "Promoting People’s Friendship and Creating a Better Future" at Nazarbayev University in Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan. In the speech, the Supreme Leader advocated that Eurasian countries should gradually form regional cooperation through policy communication, road connectivity, smooth trade, currency circulation and people’s hearts, and finally revive the ancient Silk Road. How countries along the Silk Road, especially those in Central Asia, view and actively participate in the construction of this concept will greatly affect the prospect of this concept.

Central Asian countries"Silk Road Economic Belt"Overall evaluation of

"Silk Road" is a trade channel between ancient China and Europe, and it is also a cultural channel. It was an important carrier of economic, cultural and scientific exchanges between the East and the West in ancient times, and played an important role in cultural exchanges between China and Central Asia, West Asia and Europe. The idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt" was put forward under the background of "closer economic ties, deeper mutual cooperation and broader development space among countries in Europe and Asia", aiming at promoting various exchange activities between East and West, so as to realize the common development and prosperity of countries in Europe and Asia. This is of great domestic and international significance to China. On the one hand, it will give new impetus to the strategy of developing the western region of China and help to narrow the development gap between the eastern and western regions of China; On the other hand, it provides new ideas for China to carry out its peripheral diplomacy more effectively, especially its diplomacy in Central Asia, and gives new connotation to the further development of its relations with Central Asian countries.

Central Asia is adjacent to the western part of China, which is the connecting zone between China and Europe. Its important geographical position has established the position of Central Asian countries as the core areas in the process of building the Silk Road Economic Belt. How the five Central Asian countries evaluate the "Silk Road Economic Belt" and whether they will participate in the construction of the economic belt will be an important factor that China needs to consider when formulating relevant policies. Without the active cognition and enthusiastic participation of Central Asian countries, the idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt" can only be empty talk.

On the whole, the idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt" has been positively evaluated by the mainstream media in Central Asian countries. On September 19th, 2013, the Central Asia Times published in Bishkek pointed out that "the Supreme Leader’s visit to four Central Asian countries has opened a new chapter for China to develop relations with these countries, and his plan of’ Silk Road Economic Belt’ has been welcomed by relevant countries". On the same day, the newspaper also reported the views of the media and professionals in four Central Asian countries (except Tajikistan), Russia and France on the "Silk Road Economic Belt", which were all positive. On November 8, 2013, Central Asia Times published an article entitled "New Silk Road Economy Brought Wealth Opportunities to China, Central Asia and Europe" again, specifically reporting on "Silk Road Economic Belt". Compared with the report in September, this article has a more in-depth analysis. It not only points out the competition among major cities in China to attract favorable national policies, but also analyzes the possible benefits, measures taken and uncertainties still existing in the "Silk Road Economic Belt" extending from the eastern coast of China to Europe via Central Asia, and ignores the criticism that China hopes to seize the resources of Central Asian countries. However, it should also be pointed out that the mainstream media in Central Asian countries have not paid much attention to the idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt". In addition to the Central Asia Times, the attention of Central Asian countries to the Silk Road Economic Belt mainly appears on the online media, and the print media rarely discuss this idea enthusiastically.This may be mainly because China has not put forward specific policy measures on how to build the Silk Road Economic Belt, so all countries are still in the wait-and-see stage.

Central Asian countries generally expectThe prosperity of the Silk Road

The Supreme Leader of president, China, pointed out in the elaboration of the idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt" that the economic belt will attract Eurasian countries and countries along the ancient Silk Road to participate. If this concept defines the participating countries as "Eurasian countries" and "countries along the ancient Silk Road", then whether Central Asian countries consider themselves as "Eurasian countries" and "countries along the ancient Silk Road" and whether they expect to reproduce the prosperity of the Silk Road will become an important criterion to measure whether countries are willing to actively and long-term participate in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt. Generally speaking, all countries in Central Asia believe that they are along the ancient Silk Road, which not only emphasizes that the ancient Silk Road has brought prosperity and stability to their countries, but also looks forward to reviving this ancient trade route. However, in view of the different roles played by countries on the ancient Silk Road and the different interests of the five Central Asian countries, the specific attitudes of countries to the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt are also different.

Kazakhstan is at the crossroads of Europe and Asia and even the center of Eurasia, and plays an important role in reviving the ancient intercontinental trade channel. In 1997, Nazarbayev said that Kazakhstan "is at the crossroads of Europe and Asia? ? Today, with the help of the world community, we are committed to restoring the Silk Road through cooperation with other countries in the region. In 2005, when talking about Kazakhstan’s national development strategy in 2030, Nazarbayev said: "Kazakhstan will become an important link and transcontinental economic bridge between Europe, Asia-Pacific and South Asia." It can be seen that Nazarbayev has been looking forward to rebuilding the Silk Road and benefiting Kazakhstan from it.

Kyrgyzstan expects that the revival of the Silk Road will help it improve its relations with neighboring countries and realize the development of Kyrgyzstan’s national construction, so it also supports the revival of the Silk Road. Osh, a city in southern Kyrgyzstan, was once the silk industrial center on the ancient Silk Road, second only to Suzhou, China. Kyrgyzstan played an important role on the ancient Silk Road before, which made it yearn to reproduce the scene of smooth communication and unity between countries on the ancient Silk Road.

Uzbek President Karimov also emphasized Uzbekistan’s contribution to the ancient Silk Road, and believed that Uzbekistan in Timur era was the hub of the ancient Silk Road, and its capital Samarkand even constituted the capital center of interaction between East Asia and Europe. Moreover, Ukraine widely publicized its role in the ancient Silk Road as an international brand to highlight its rich cultural heritage and glorious history. In view of this, Ukraine hopes that the Silk Road will flourish in the contemporary era, and at the same time, it will realize the economic development and national prosperity of Ukraine and play an active role in political, economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West.

Turkmenistan also looks forward to the revival of the Silk Road. As reported in Neutral Turkmenistan News, the visit of the Supreme Leader Chairman to Turkmenistan has consolidated the achievements of cooperation between the two sides and raised the relations between the two countries to a new height. Turkmenistan is proud of its friendly relations with China, and regards this relationship as a key factor to ensure the stability and development of the Eurasian region. The newspaper also said that Turkey will support the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt.

Tajikistan is also the area where the ancient Silk Road passed, and Kuzhan, the second largest city in its north, was once an important town on the Silk Road. The people of Tajikistan also have a sense of historical and cultural closeness to the Silk Road. Especially after the civil war, the Tajik people are more eager for social stability and economic development, and hope that the Silk Road will regain its vitality and provide more opportunities for the development of Tajikistan.

Constructing "Silk Road Economic Belt"Feasibility of

First of all, the rapid development of relations between China and Central Asian countries has laid a good foundation for building the Silk Road Economic Belt. Take the trade volume between China and the five countries as an example. In 2000, the trade volume between China and the five Central Asian countries was only $1.8 billion, while in 2012, the two sides reached $45.9 billion. In more than ten years, the trade volume between China and five Central Asian countries has increased by more than twenty times. In 2012, China has become the largest trading partner of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, and the second largest trading partner of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. This shows that the relationship between China and Central Asian countries has experienced rapid and steady development, and the deepening economic cooperation between the two sides has provided a solid foundation for all countries to actively participate in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt.

Secondly, the close and smooth political relationship between the two sides is a strong support for Central Asian countries to participate in the construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt". In May 2013, the heads of state of China and Tajikistan announced the promotion of China-Tajikistan relations to a strategic partnership. In September 2013, during President Supreme Leader’s visit to four Central Asian countries, China’s bilateral relations with other Central Asian countries were comprehensively upgraded: for example, China-Turkey and China-Kyrgyzstan relations were upgraded to strategic partnerships respectively; China-Kazakhstan relations have been further deepened into a comprehensive strategic partnership; China and Ukraine have further developed and deepened their strategic partnership and signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation. So far, China has established a comprehensive strategic partnership with five Central Asian countries. The close political ties between the two sides provide a basis for close and frank consultations on how to build the Silk Road Economic Belt.

Thirdly, deepening economic and trade cooperation provides a realistic basis for Central Asian countries to look forward to reviving the Silk Road. During the Supreme Leader’s visit to Kazakhstan, China and Kazakhstan signed a contract worth up to 30 billion US dollars. During their visit to Uzbekistan, the two sides signed 31 documents with a contract value of US$ 15 billion. During President Xi’s visit to Central Asian countries alone, the total investment and cooperation agreements signed by China and the four countries of Kazakhstan exceeded 48 billion US dollars.

Finally, the rich benefits that the construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt" may bring are the main reasons for the general positive attitude of Central Asian countries. Central Asian countries have made great achievements in political, economic, social and other fields over the past 20 years, but they still face many difficulties. The planned road connectivity, smooth trade and currency circulation of the Silk Road Economic Belt can provide important benefits for Central Asian countries to promote national construction and strengthen foreign relations, and it is the most reliable guarantee to attract Central Asian countries to participate in the implementation of this concept. Generally speaking, the benefits that Central Asian countries can obtain include: countries are supported in improving the construction of infrastructure such as roads, oil and gas pipelines and power grids; Diversified energy export routes; Promote the enrichment of domestic commodity market and expand foreign trade volume; Access to the sea can be more effectively integrated into the global economy; Form the motivation to improve the domestic investment environment in order to increase foreign investment; Further close ties with the outside world, especially with China and European countries, and so on.

Constructing "Silk Road Economic Belt"Challenges faced

First of all, starting from their own reality, Central Asian countries may affect their participation in the Silk Road Economic Belt. This challenge began to appear when Kyrgyzstan withdrew from the construction of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Ukraine railway. On the one hand, Kyrgyzstan announced that it would actively participate in the construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt", on the other hand, it announced its withdrawal from the construction of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Ukraine railway in December 2013. On December 16, 2013, Kyrgyz President atambayev even said: "In fact, the China-Kyrgyzstan-Ukraine Railway cannot solve any problems in our country." Although Kyrgyzstan announced its withdrawal from the construction of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Ukraine railway, it does not mean that Kyrgyzstan will refuse to participate in the construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt". The degree of participation depends on the extent to which this idea can meet the interests of all countries.

Secondly, the different development levels of the five Central Asian countries directly increase the difficulty of coordination in the process of building the Silk Road Economic Belt. After the independence of Central Asian countries for more than 20 years, the differences among countries in the development process have become more and more obvious, and this difference is also reflected in the differences in the interests of countries. For example, in the construction of transportation facilities, Kyrgyzstan hopes to build a railway connecting its south and north, Uzbekistan expects China to start the construction of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway, and Tajikistan continues to seek China’s help to improve its infrastructure. Moreover, there are still some contradictions among Central Asian countries, such as disputes among the five countries on the allocation of water resources, incomplete demarcation of national boundaries, inconsistent foreign policy orientations (including relations with China), and so on. All these problems will further increase the difficulty of policy coordination between China and other countries in the process of building the Silk Road Economic Belt.

Thirdly, people in some Central Asian countries have doubts about the formation of a closer relationship with China. Based on China’s economic advantages, some elites and ordinary people in Central Asian countries believe that economic cooperation with China is more beneficial to China than Central Asian countries, and some people in Central Asian countries are worried that with China’s investment, a large number of China immigrants and cheap goods will flood in. They think that China enterprises are more willing to hire relevant talents from China, which will lead to the reduction of local employment opportunities. Based on this knowledge, they have doubts about whether the construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt" is a means for China to expand its influence in the region. Although China has done a lot to promote people-to-people exchanges with Central Asian countries, the differences in interests, language, culture and development level still hinder Central Asian people’s in-depth understanding of China.

Finally, Russia’s attitude towards the idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt" cannot be ignored. As we all know, Russia’s rule in Central Asia has lasted for more than 100 years, which has led to many close ties between Central Asia and Russia, which determines that Russia has influence in this region that other big countries do not have. Not only that, Russia still regards the region as its traditional sphere of influence. In order to consolidate Russia’s influence in the region, Russia has put forward an initiative to integrate Central Asia in recent years, that is, the idea of "Eurasian Union". Although the original intention of China’s idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt" is not to weaken Russia’s influence and compete with "Eurasian Union", Russia’s attitude towards the idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt" is bound to affect the willingness of Central Asian countries to participate under the background that Russia regards Central Asia as its traditional sphere of influence.

Conclusion

All in all, Central Asian countries have expectations for the construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt", hoping to further develop their relations with China and realize their own development. However, due to the differences in the interests of Central Asian countries, the doubts of countries about China’s strong economic strength and the traditional influence of Russia in this region, the construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt" still faces many challenges. In this context, China needs to strengthen the following work to ensure the smooth implementation of the Silk Road Economic Belt initiative.

First, the interests of Central Asian countries should be fully considered. In addition to developing relations with other countries by increasing loans and investments, we should respect the sovereignty, local customs, laws and regulations of all countries, and gradually stimulate the long-term and sincere participation of Central Asian countries in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt, so that elites and people of all countries can realize that this idea is an effective way to achieve mutual benefit, win-win and equal development of all parties involved. Second, strengthen communication with governments of other countries, and at the same time refine the specific content and measures of this idea, strengthen humanities cooperation and mutual understanding with other countries, conduct in-depth research on the psychology of the people in Central Asian countries, and take appropriate measures to improve the people’s cognition of China in Central Asia after understanding their attitudes towards China’s expanding influence. This is also a problem that China needs to pay special attention to and focus on when implementing the idea of "Silk Road Economic Belt". Third, strengthen communication and coordination with Russia, and eliminate Russia’s misunderstanding and concerns about China’s desire to expand its influence in Central Asia. In this process, China can first promote Russia’s participation in the idea of building the Silk Road Economic Belt, and then communicate with Russia in time when relevant measures are introduced and implemented, so as to prevent Central Asian countries from weakening their enthusiasm for participating in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt because of their consideration of Russia.

(The author is an associate professor of Central Asia Institute and School of Management, Lanzhou University)

(Editor: Wei Dandan)

Ada photo tidbits exposure girl feels full of bee waist and hips.

Ada’s skin is as transparent as a girl.

Ada’s skin is as transparent as a girl.

Ada’s skin is as transparent as a girl.


1905 movie network news On May 10th, a group of studios in Ada took photos of the highlights. In the photos, Ada’s black straight hair was soft and drooping, the air bangs were fashionable and the age was reduced, the long silver earrings modified the face, the silver suspender dress was more transparent and white, the red lips were bright and long, the hair was fluttering, the temperament was bright and moving, and the career line was eye-catching. In the tidbits, Ada also listened carefully to the photographer’s explanation of the shooting script, quiet and earnest, and full of intimacy.


Ada listened carefully to the photographer explaining the shooting script.

Ada silver dress with suspenders is fresh and elegant.

Ada silver dress with suspenders is fresh and elegant.

It is reported that Ada’s partner Li Rui, Liu Genghong and Li Chuan’s brand-new variety show "Enjoy Beauty" premiered today. Among them, Ada is not only the only female guest, but also has different forms of cooperation with three male guests. As the representative of the Almighty Goddess, she has put forward many views representing women’s positions for amateur players, with frequent golden sentences and online business. In terms of film and television works, Ada co-starred with Qin Hao, Cai Guoqing, Wang Terry and Bao Wenjing, and it was scheduled to be released nationwide on July 13th in the summer vacation. This film was adapted from the best-selling juvenile adventure series novel created by Leo Phantom, and it was the first juvenile fantasy adventure film in China. Ada owned his own pub in it, so he must be a wise and independent woman. The films from Wang Leehom, Victoria Song, Godfrey Tsao, Wu Qianyu, Gao Shengyuan, Chilam, Li Yuan and Wu Jiacheng are also expected to meet with you this year. In addition, Ada also starred in the two TV series "Wu Dong Gan Kun" and "Back to the Ming Dynasty as a Prince Yang Ling Biography". In the TV series "Wu Dong Gan Kun" which will land on Hunan Satellite TV in the summer, Ada plays the glamorous but hidden villain "Mu Qianqian". In the Biography of Yang Ling, who was co-starred by Ada’s partners Jiang Jinfu, Crystal and Wayne, she was incarnated as "Cheng Qiyun" with both civil and military skills, and her double charm attracted a lot of attention.


43 diaries of Weibo, addressed to me as "An"

  Watch spring with great love

  — — Cadres of Procuratorate of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

  He Wenkai and his wife’s anti-epidemic story

  On January 27th, the third day of the first month, the news of COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan was overwhelming, and Wuhan was in critical condition.

  The epidemic is the order. At about 15 o’clock in the afternoon, there was a crowd in front of the gate of the inpatient department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, and the first batch of Wuhan medical teams in Guangxi were ready to go.

  He Wenkai, a cadre of the Information Office of the Procuratorate of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, took his eight-year-old daughter to bid farewell to his wife, Tang Lian, who was about to go to the front line.

  "Dad, will mom be infected by that virus?" The daughter asked anxiously. "No, your mother is very capable and can protect herself." He Wenkai comforted his daughter. "Why does mom have to go?" The daughter asked again. "Many people in Wu Hanyou are ill, and doctors and nurses are not enough. Your mother is excellent, so she was chosen to treat them. "

  But the child doesn’t know that from the moment he learned that his wife was about to rush to Wuhan, He Wenkai’s mood has been uneasy, and it seems to be mixed with some unspeakable tragic.

  Go out resolutely

  On the evening of January 25th, Tang Lian learned that Guangxi would send the first batch of medical teams to support Hubei to carry out medical treatment in COVID-19, so she collected volunteers.

  "Many people in our hospital have signed up. Do you think I should sign up?" That night, she asked her husband for advice. "You sign up for the idea? But I support you, and I am honored that you are a retrograde person. " He Wenkai, who knows his wife, said with a smile.

  Tang Lian is a nurse, deputy director of the Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University. "She is professional, experienced and works in the respiratory department. She should be considered in the organization for such a respiratory disease epidemic." He Wenkai said.

  Since my wife signed up, this family, which is full of laughter and laughter on weekdays, has suddenly become much quieter and the atmosphere has become somewhat dignified. "I don’t know what to say, neither of us is the kind of person who is a mother-in-law. As a husband, the question of whether she can go or not is contradictory. I hope that she will be selected and she will not be selected. After all, she is going to an epidemic area and facing such a strange and dangerous virus. "

  The list of medical teams will be confirmed soon. Tang Lian is on the list. Later, He Wenkai learned that his wife was actually the first one to sign up in their hospital.

  Ping An, checking in at the hotel. Late at night on January 27th, He Wenkai received Tang Lian’s WeChat.

  The next day, He Wenkai wrote in his personal Weibo: My wife arrived in Wuhan last night. It is said that their medical team was stationed in Huangpi Chinese Medicine Hospital and began to help patients. No new message … …

  Anti-COVID-19 Diary [1]:

  My wife arrived in Wuhan last night. It is said that her medical team is stationed in huangpi district Chinese Medicine Hospital to help treat new pneumonia patients. No new message … …

  On January 27th, Tang Lian went to war, and He Wenkai took his daughter to see him off.

  ● Weibo story ●

  He Wenkai has 450,000 fans on Weibo. As a full-time cadre engaged in procuratorial news propaganda, he knows the significance of public opinion to this war of resistance at a time when the epidemic situation is raging and the whole country is fighting against COVID-19.

  So He Wenkai began to write "Anti-COVID-19 Diary" in Weibo. In his view, supporting his wife and her medical care group in a different way, recording the vivid stories of prosecutors fighting against the epidemic and conveying the strong voice of the party and the government are not only personal records of current events of the times, but also the responsibility and mission of a procuratorial propagandist.

  Anti-COVID-19 Diary [2]:

  She has a master’s degree in medicine, and she is a nurse, deputy director of respiratory department. We discussed COVID-19, and I feel that they are not very knowledgeable about this disease in clinical practice. Maybe she has professional discipline and won’t talk to me about the details of the epidemic, which makes me nervous all the time. She said that she had been in the ward for a long time and was more resistant to bacteria. I hope so!

In the ward, Tang Lian and her colleagues mostly communicate through paper and pen.

He Wenkai and the staff of the Information Office planned the propaganda report on epidemic prevention of procuratorial organs.

  The topic of "Anti-COVID-19 Diary" set off a hot discussion among netizens. As of press time, He Wenkai has written 43 "Diaries Against COVID-19", with the highest single reading volume reaching more than 80,000, and the total reading volume exceeding one million.

  Anti-COVID-19 Diary [9]:

  The child misses his mother. I specially made a postcard, took a video and sent it to Ann. The child said, I wish my mother good health, cure more patients and go home early.

During the period of aiding Hubei, Tang Lian’s happiest time was to have a video call with her children during the break.

Writing a diary of Weibo’s anti-epidemic is He Wenkai’s "homework" in the evening.

  He Wenkai’s "Diary of Anti-COVID-19" is constantly updated. He writes about his wife and daughter, his procuratorial colleagues, and some "mortal charity" he has seen and heard. He also interacts with netizens and answers relevant legal questions.

  Many strange netizens, including epidemic areas, learned from his diary in Weibo that the Guangxi medical team started medical treatment in Wuhan, and they forwarded, commented and liked it on Weibo, thanking all the people who made efforts to fight the COVID-19 epidemic.

  User’s forwarding, comments and likes:

  @CH00 ch00ling: As a girl in Guangxi, I am really proud! Please pay attention to safety and come back safely! Salute! The most beautiful doctor sister!

  @ Almost ph: Our hometown, thank you for coming thousands of miles to support, and I hope everyone will be safe.

  @ lazy pig a lazy pig: I hope this spring is still full of vitality, and my wife will arrive safely when the flowers bloom!

  … …

  He Wenkai’s wife also praised him: "I didn’t expect the influence to be so great. Even our colleagues know that you are writing Weibo’s diary, and everyone is encouraged."

  second front

  Since the outbreak of Xinguan pneumonia, the Information Office of the Procuratorate of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has entered the "fighting" mode early and has gone all out in the "second battlefield" to fight the epidemic. From the beginning of the Lunar New Year, the WeChat WeChat official account of the Procuratorate of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has continuously conveyed the good voice of Guangxi procuratorate in fighting the epidemic.

  From January 25th to February 27th, the Information Office of the Procuratorate of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region published more than 200 articles in various media at all levels. Only "Guangxi Procuratorate" WeChat WeChat official account has compiled and distributed 154 propaganda articles.

  Anti-COVID-19 Diary [36]:

  Heavy. As a middle and senior intellectual, Ann has always been a "mass" in politics, and has a strong desire to join the organization close to the Party. This time, the first batch went to Hubei with the Guangxi medical team to fight the COVID-19 epidemic, which has been improved ideologically and politically. Today, the firewire joined the party! From now on, in our family, I have the dual identity of husband and old party member. Honey, come on! Guangxi medical team, come on! Wuhan, come on!

Tang Li ‘an spoke as the representative of New party member at the ceremony of the medical aid team members joining the Party with Firewire.

It is the responsibility of the information office to report the "epidemic" situation of procuratorial organs in time and convey the positive energy of procuratorial work.

  Because of the epidemic, my daughter’s school was delayed. Because his wife is not at home, the responsibility of taking care of the children falls entirely on He Wenkai. During the day, the child attends online classes at home by himself. When He Wenkai comes back from work at night, he has to help the child finish his homework and attend online interest classes. Only after the child falls asleep can he have his own time to think and deal with things at work.

  The work of the information office is often a temporary task, which is very time-sensitive. He Wenkai often talks with his colleagues on the phone while explaining homework problems to his children. The child made a mistake and lost his temper and complained, "Dad, can you concentrate?"? !” He Wenkai can only helplessly apologize to the child.

  Meet the dawn

  This more than a month, every Chinese may have mixed feelings. Those confusions and firmness, sadness and emotion are intertwined, which makes people witness the ruthlessness of the virus and the warmth of the world.

  As of February 27th, more than 300 medical teams and more than 40,000 medical team members have been sent across the country to support Hubei.

  Fortunately, every "retrograde person" is not alone, and both "small family" and "everyone" are their strong backing.

  Anti-COVID-19 Diary [42]:

  Ann has been in Wuhan for a month. Ann said that there are fewer and fewer new cases and deaths, and more and more cases are cured, so it’s time to return to Japan. I really have to come back early, and I can’t go home when I come back. I have to be isolated for half a month. The mountain flowers have blossomed, and the bluebird looks forward to the spring return.

 

He Wenkai: Resolutely win the people’s war, overall war and blocking war for epidemic prevention and control.

  As He Wenkai wrote in his Weibo: "Ann has taken risks and hardships, and the great support given by the motherland and people makes people feel happy from the heart."

  On February 27th, it was the 30th day that He Wenkai’s wife Tang Lian arrived in Wuhan. He Wenkai talked to his wife on the phone as usual, and her wife happily told her that the epidemic was under control. There were fewer and fewer new cases and deaths, and more and more cases were cured. Maybe she could go home soon.

  "The mountain flowers have blossomed, and the bluebird looks forward to spring." On this day, He Wenkai wrote in Article 42 "Anti-COVID-19 Diary". In this battle without smoke, he and his wife have experienced a lot and grown a lot. I believe that after experiencing the storm, they can watch the spring more calmly.

  (Text: Chen Yingjie)

The monthly cost is 1558 yuan, and the new Loulan 2.5L car maintenance cost.

  [Cost of car maintenance] There is no doubt that the car owners who were concerned before now have a new choice:-. With higher-end positioning, larger body size and overlapping pricing with Qijun’s high-profile models. More luxurious positioning and sharp design style, these advantages make it occupy the position of "Qijun" quickly after listing.

  From what we have learned, the attention of this new car offline is not low, and it is basically directed at the 2.5L model. In the words of the sales consultant, "Qijun’s budget with high allocation is more in line with consumer psychology." However, I also have a question. Since Loulan’s 2.5L is the same as Qijun’s, how much will it be worse in terms of maintenance costs? With this question, I walked into Dongfeng Nissan 4S shop and planned to find out.(hereinafter referred to as the brand-new Loulan)

Home of the car


Model introduction

  There are 9 models with two displacements in the new Loulan. Except for the 2.5T top, all the other models are, of which 6 are naturally aspirated engines, and 3 are hybrid models with 2.5T+ motors. In terms of gearbox, all models adopt continuously variable gearboxes that can simulate 7 gears.

Dongfeng Nissan Loulan 2015 2.5XE Two-wheel Drive Elite Edition

  We learned from dealers that at present, only the 2.5L model of the brand-new Loulan has arrived at the store, and the 2.5T model has not received the specific notice of arrival, so it may take a while. Considering the current concern of this model, we will only use the 2.5L model as the collection basis in this issue.

The warranty policy/maintenance interval is the same as that of Qijun.

  We learned from the dealer that,The brand-new Loulan is the same as Qijun in terms of warranty policy, both of which are guaranteed for 3 years or 100,000 kilometers.The validity period of the three guarantees is still 2 years or 50,000 kilometers, and the former can prevail when consumers exercise their rights and interests.

Home of the car

  In terms of maintenance interval, the brand-new Loulan and Qijun are the same, with free inspection when driving to 1,000 kilometers, free first maintenance when driving to 5,000 kilometers, and then maintenance every 5,000 kilometers.

Home of the car

Official Maintenance Cycle Table of New Loulan 2.5L Model

cycle
project
(km)


Machine filter

air
filter

petrol
filter

air conditioner
filter

speed change
Tank oil

Brake fluid

antifreezing fluid

Spark plug

1000

zero

zero

zero

zero

Replace every 100,000 kilometers.

zero

zero

Replace every 100,000 kilometers.

5000

zero

zero

zero

zero

zero

ten thousand

zero

zero

zero

zero

zero

15000

zero

zero

zero

zero

zero

20000

zero

zero

zero

25000

zero

zero

zero

zero

zero

thirty thousand

zero

zero

zero

zero

zero

35000

zero

zero

zero

zero

zero

forty thousand

zero

zero

45000

zero

zero

zero

zero

zero

50000

zero

zero

zero

zero

zero

55000

zero

zero

zero

zero

zero

60000

zero

zero

zero

The official warranty period of the brand-new Loulan is three years or 100,000 kilometers (whichever comes first).

Change it every 100,000 kilometers.
Gasoline filter: maintenance-free design, just check it regularly.

Note: ●: Need to be replaced ○: Check/clean.

Home of the car

Click to enter Dongfeng Nissan official website Maintenance Price Inquiry Page.

  In terms of maintenance interval, there is no difference between the brand-new Loulan and Qijun.It is also the first inspection at 1000 km, the first insurance for free at 5000 km, and then every 5000 km.It is worth mentioning that,Although both are CVT gearboxes, Loulan’s replacement cycle is longer. Compared with Qijun’s 60,000 km replacement, the new Loulan has reached the level of 100,000 km.

Spare parts prices and working hours(Fixed expenditure part)

  The cost of spare parts and materials of the new Loulan 2.5L model is not much different from that of Qijun’s 2.5L model, which is undoubtedly a good thing, except that the price of some parts and working hours are slightly different, this model does maintain a new price level.It should be noted that the working hours of the new Loulan adopt the "package system", which seems to be much more expensive than the previous Qijun 2.5L model.In other words, when you drive to the recommended maintenance, you only need to add up all the materials costs of the changed items, and then add the package working hours of the corresponding mileage.

Spare parts price and working hours price of Loulan 2.5L model

Fitting name

dosage Accessories price man hour fee machine oil 4.5L Mineral oil SM 5W-30 148 Yuan/barrel /4L 208 yuan Semi-synthetic engine oil SM 5W-30 280 yuan/barrel /4L,
74 yuan/barrel /1L
Synthetic engine oil SM 5W-30 388 Yuan/barrel /4L,
120 yuan/barrel /1L
Super synthetic engine oil SN 0W-40 498 yuan/barrel /4L, 131 yuan/barrel /1L oil filter one 44 yuan airfilter one 98 yuan 32 yuan Air conditioning filter one 314 yuan 64 yuan CVT transmission oil 2 barrels 260 yuan/barrel 240 yuan Brake fluid 1 bottle 62 yuan/bottle 160 yuan Spark plug 4 branches 158 yuan/piece x4 240 yuan antifreezing fluid 1 barrel 120/ barrel 80 The price information is collected from Dongfeng Nissan 4S store in Beijing, which may be slightly different in other areas for reference only.

 

Description of Nissan’s new Loulan working hours
(The following "package working hours fee" refers to the working hours fee generated when the vehicle is replaced according to the standard replacement items when driving to this mileage.
It is not the working hours of replacing a project alone. )

Mileage (km)

Working hours standard (yuan) Mileage (km) Working hours standard (yuan) 5000 be free of charge 35000 208 ten thousand 325 forty thousand 455 15000 208 45000 208 20000 364 50000 325 25000 208 55000 208 thirty thousand 325 60000 364

Trial calculation of maintenance cost(Fixed expenditure part)

  Next, we will calculate the maintenance cost.In the process of investigation, we learned that the oil consumption of the brand-new Loulan is about 4.5L, but the cheapest mineral oil by default in the original factory is not 1L, which means that you have to buy two barrels of 8L oil. Every time you change the remaining oil, it will cause a lot of waste, and the oil sealing is very particular. It is actually difficult to maintain the quality of the remaining oil.

  Therefore, I suggest that you can choose a higher level of semi-synthetic engine oil.Although the oil is tens of yuan more expensive, at least it won’t cause a lot of waste, and the quality of oil has also improved, which is relatively the most cost-effective choice.

Trial calculation of maintenance cost of brand-new Loulan 2.5L model (taking 5W-30 semi-synthetic engine oil as an example)

cycle
project
(km)

machine oil
Machine filter

air
filter

petrol
filter

air conditioner
filter
speed change
Tank oil

Brake fluid

antifreezing fluid Spark plug all-in cost
(yuan)
1000 zero zero zero zero Replace every 100,000 kilometers. zero zero Change it every 100 thousand kilometers be free of charge 5000 zero zero zero zero zero be free of charge ten thousand zero zero zero zero zero 723 15000 zero zero zero zero zero 606 20000 zero zero zero 1174 25000 zero zero zero zero zero 606 thirty thousand zero zero zero zero zero 723 35000 zero zero zero zero zero 606 forty thousand zero zero 1247 45000 zero zero zero zero zero 606 50000 zero zero zero zero zero 723 55000 zero zero zero zero zero 606 60000 zero zero zero 1174 The total maintenance cost of the brand-new Loulan 2.5L model when driving to 60,000 kilometers is about:8794 yuan Spark plug: change it every 100,000 kilometers.
Gasoline filter: maintenance-free design, just check it regularly.
Note: ●: Need to be replaced ○: Check/clean.

Display of maintenance cost of the same class of vehicles (based on pricing range and vehicle positioning)

car make and model

Small maintenance cost (yuan) Maintenance cost of 60,000 km (RMB) Brand-new Loulan (2.5L) 606 8794 Sharp boundary (2.0T) 596.8 8079.3 Kuwei (2.4L) 705 9459 Angkewei (2.0T) 939 12908 Highlander (2.0T) 822 6271 Qijun (2.5L) 307.25 5225.25

● Fuel consumption level(2.5L model)

  For the new Loulan 2.5L model, the fuel consumption is 9.7L/100km;; In the word-of-mouth system of netizens in car home, we can see that the actual fuel consumption of the Loulan 2.5L model is about 9.2L/100km. In order to be closer to reality, we choose the fuel consumption of car home Word-of-Mouth System as the measurement standard, and calculate the total annual gasoline expenditure according to the average family car driving 15,000 kilometers a year and the current price of 95#(97#) oil in Beijing is 6.3 yuan/liter.

Calculation formula of annual fuel cost: vehicle fuel consumption × single liter fuel price × total mileage per year ÷100= total fuel cost.

Annual fuel cost of the brand-new Loulan 2.5L model: 9.2L/100km×6.3 yuan/L× 15000km ÷100=8694 yuan.

● Insurance cost(Floating expenditure part)

  Because the insurance cost of each vehicle is different (high and low models, different types of insurance, different times of accidents and different purchase channels), we only use a reference price as a trial calculation.Take the brand-new Loulan 2.5XE two-wheel drive elite model as an example: the insurance price of compulsory insurance+commercial insurance (car damage, three, excluding deductible and passenger insurance) and vehicle and vessel use tax is about 5564 yuan.

  If you want to get a more accurate insurance quotation, you can also check it in the auto insurance calculator of car home quotation system. "Look at the auto insurance quotation? Please click here.

● Other miscellaneous expenses(Floating expenditure part)

  In addition to fuel, insurance and maintenance costs, there are a lot of miscellaneous small money, such as car washing, beauty, parking and so on. Here we quote the statistics of car home Data Research Center, that is, the average annual parking fee per car is 1,800 yuan, the monthly parking fee is 150 yuan, the annual car washing and beauty expenses are 440 yuan, and the monthly parking fee is 37 yuan. (The above data are for reference only)

Brand new Loulan 2.5Lcar make and modelAnalysis of car cost car make and model Gasoline insurance expense upkeep cost Car wash fee Monthly parking fee Total expenditure Quanxin loulan
2.5L car cost
724.5 yuan/month 463.6 yuan/month 183.2 yuan/month 37 yuan/month 150 yuan/month 1558.3 yuan/month 8694 yuan/year 5564 yuan/year 2198.5 yuan/year 440 yuan/year 1800 yuan/year 18,696.5 yuan/year Note:The above "Miscellaneous Fees" are obtained according to the big data of car home, and only calculated under the preset conditions for reference.

● Maintenance summary

  "At first, I thought that the maintenance cost of the brand-new Loulan 2.5L model should not be much more expensive than Qijun. It seems that it was miscalculated." Although the maintenance interval is the same and there are many common accessories, due to the high working hours, the maintenance cost of Loulan is still several thousand yuan more expensive than Qijun, who is also a 2.5L model, and the difference is quite big.

  Compared with its competing products, Loulan is in the middle level in terms of maintenance costs, cheaper than American rivals, and a little more expensive than Japanese representatives, which is generally reasonable. Don’t take Qijun’s price as a reference. Although the powertrain is the same, it is not a model after all. (Text/Figure car home Ren Bo)

Thanks to the following units for their cooperation and support in this topic:

Dongfeng south Dacheng
Tel: 400-872-9046
Address: No.9, Zone A, Huilongguan Oudebao Automobile Trading Market, Changping District, Beijing

Read more:

Talking about the brand-new Loulan: the configuration is satisfactory/the appearance is the selling point.
//www.autohome.com.cn/news/201509/878660.html

The Island exposed the new notice that Bo Huang kissed LAY and was rejected by Shu Qi.

Movie The Island poster


1905 movie network news Recently, Bo Huang’s first self-directed and self-directed film, The Island, released a preview and poster of the "Plot" version, showing the outline of this large-scale color feature film. The magnificent scenes are full of blockbuster temperament, the humorous dialogue is still unsatisfactory, and the theme with great connotation is also intriguing. In the preview, Bo Huang, who won an unexpected lottery of 60 million yuan, not only embraced Wang Baoqiang closely and staged a "flirting" with her eyes, but also "kissed" LAY, who was cursed by Shu Qi as "loser" in life. It is reported that the film The Island tells the story of a group of people who are accidentally shipwrecked and forced to live on a desert island, and face a series of "human nature" problems. The film was scheduled for August 10th, directed and performed by Bo Huang, starring Wang Baoqiang, Shu Qi, LAY, Yu Hewei, Wang Xun, Li Qinqin and Li Youlin, and the super-strong lineup hit in the summer.


Bo Huang and Yu Hewei are tit for tat.


Bo Huang lottery 60 million affectionate "tease" Wang Baoqiang relationship unknown plot reversal constant suspense overweight.


The previous "Director Bo Huang’s Film Experience" and the first release of the "Welcome" version of the trailer shocked the outside world, but many fans still said that such a glimpse made people curious about Bo Huang’s first self-directed and self-directed film, and also expressed great expectations. The "plot" version of the trailer released this time finally solved some doubts. This version of the trailer makes it more clear what happened to everyone on the island. Ma Jin, played by Bo Huang, was ecstatic at the beginning, saying that he won an unexpected lottery of 60 million yuan. He not only embraced Wang Baoqiang affectionately and staged a "flirting" with his eyes, but also got carried away and "kissed" LAY beside him, which made their relationship more exciting. The arrogance of Shu Qi’s showing off wealth in the camera revealed that the story on the island was closely related to money interests. In addition, Wang Baoqiang has subverted the image of honesty and honesty in the past, and the images of roaring people indicate that he occupies the position of "soul figure" in the island. In the film, Yu Hewei and Wang Xun appear as "followers" of Ma Jin, bent on ending the thrilling trip to the island and returning to the original world.


Bo Huang and Yu Hewei split up against each other.


Wang Baoqiang is domineering.

It is worth mentioning that this short 100-second preview also reflects the humorous and climactic features of the film. Just when Ma Jin was elated by the huge fortune that fell from the sky, the stormy waves on the sea broke everyone’s dream. After a short period of being at a loss, everyone started a plan for common survival in the next second, picking fruits, saving wood, carving boats, and living a leisurely life on the island. However, in the extreme environment where the rules are weakened, the establishment of the organization is in jeopardy, and factionalism and fraudulent competition are everywhere. Ma Jin seems to have lost his initial heart in vanity and pursuit. On the one hand, he was insincerely requested by Yu Hewei to take the boat, and on the other hand, he was cursed by Shu Qi as "loser" in life. With the acceleration of the music rhythm and the rapid switching of pictures, it is suggested that the film will usher in a new climax, and Ma Jin will also see the light of day and change his destiny. Did Shu Qi make further progress in their feelings after letting Ma Jin wake up like a dream? Did Wang Baoqiang finally leave this "doomsday island" for help? Will LAY, who is in rags, make a difference in the counterattack on the island? Everything needs us to find the answer in the movie.


Shu Qi is beautiful in the jungle.


After eight years, Bo Huang directed and performed for the first time to tell the fantasy "carnival world" for the summer file.


The film The Island, which was written, directed and performed by Bo Huang, not only brought together Wang Baoqiang, Shu Qi, LAY, Yu Hewei and Wang Xun to form a super lineup, but also the team was full of sincerity in script creation. Previously, at the roadshow sharing meeting, Bo Huang expressed that he was not a trendsetter. The story ideas in the director’s debut film began to be conceived as early as 2010, and have been adjusted for eight years. Even during filming, he discussed some contents with famous directors such as Xú Zhēng, Ning Hao, Guan Hu and Chen Zhengdao. The "plot" version of the trailer not only presents a constantly reversed outline for fans in the plot of the film, but also announces the framing, composition and tone of the film, and reveals the deep meaning of topics such as fairness, competition, cooperation, rules and humanity. How many shameful facts are hidden behind the truth covered by lies, and what are the fragile illusions after the scene where everyone seems to laugh? The closed island, the survival of all people, the carnival feast and the good and evil of human nature, it seems that Bo Huang’s work this time is by no means a simple desert island comedy. In the "carnival world", there are bound to be many thought-provoking plots and connotations.


Bo Huang LAY is in rags.


When the island is in trouble, everyone survives.

At the same time, the film also released a heavy poster and a set of unique stills, which showed the unique natural scenery and characters in the film to the audience, and the profound meaning was also evident. The seemingly simple "group photo" is a hidden mystery. Bo Huang is thrown into the air by everyone, and the lively scene is vividly portrayed. At the same time, the uniform blue and white costumes and the full smile on his face indicate that everyone will usher in a new life. From the rough sea to the rocky beach of the trickling stream, from the laughter and dancing to the infighting, and then to the seemingly sloppy but meaningful expression, the texture of the film is also on the paper. Bo Huang and LAY huddled in a narrow space with the ground as their bed. Their shabby costumes and messy space suggested that everyone was facing a dangerous natural environment. The sight of the former and Yu Hewei playing chess at both ends of the wooden bridge makes the dangerous and mysterious intrigue on the desert island self-evident. Wang Baoqiang stands aloof and despises everyone, and his tit-for-tat giving orders with Bo Huang highlights his image of "occupying the island as king" this time. Shu Qi, on the other hand, is in the jungle, holding a wooden stick in her hand and looking alert, which makes people wonder whether she has experienced some strange stories in the island.

The immune system is "sick". What’s wrong with it?

The immune system can also get sick and even be life-threatening.

  "Wang Lin, a qigong master, died of multiple organ failure due to ANCA-related vasculitis and autoimmune peripheral neuritis." This news brought "immune system diseases" into public view.

  In the course of millions of years of evolution, human beings have formed a complex defense mechanism against foreign microorganisms and harmful substances. This defense mechanism has a clear division of labor and powerful functions, and can cope with the changes and challenges of the living environment. We call it "immune system".

  But like other organs of the human body, the immune system will get sick and even be life-threatening. What’s wrong with this?

  The innate immune system is derived from invertebrates.

  The normal immune system consists of immune organs, immune cells and immune molecules.

  Immune organs mainly refer to lymph nodes, spleen and thymus. Among immune cells, there are cells involved in immune response and immune regulation, mainly T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. Among them, T lymphocytes come from thymus and play an important role in the regulation of immune response, while B lymphocytes are mainly involved in the formation of antibodies, including autoantibodies. Immune molecules are mostly synthesized and secreted by immune cells, which play an important role in the initiation and regulation of immune response and the attack on tissues and organs.

  Humans have inherited the innate immune system of invertebrates in the process of evolution. This ancient defense system identifies invading external pathogenic microorganisms through germinal cells widely distributed in human immune organs; Through the macrophages of innate immune system, we can identify the virulence factors of main microorganisms, directly kill pathogens and protect human body. This kind of protection is an immune response that is quickly started and mobilized, and it is non-specific. That is to say, innate immunity is reacted and cleared in the same way for any foreign microbial invasion, so it is not the most effective.

  However, while the innate immune system slows down infection, it will activate the acquired immune system-the acquired immune system. Acquired immunity will react specifically to foreign antigens or pathogens. After the first contact with antigens, the second contact with the same antigen can trigger a faster and stronger immune response, attack foreign antigens and remove them from the body.

  In short, the normal immune system has three important characteristics: one is a variety of antigen receptor libraries, which can identify almost endless pathogens; The second is immune memory, which can initiate a rapid memory immune response, which is why we can be immune for life after injecting some vaccines; The third is immune tolerance to avoid immune damage to normal self-tissues.

  Distinguish the Immune Tolerance of "Friend or Foe"

  The most important function of so-called "immunity" is to identify "self" and "non-self", and it will not produce immune response to its own tissue components, which is called immune tolerance.

  The human body can achieve immune tolerance through autoantigen isolation, so that its own tissues can not contact with the immune system, and the specific immunity of related T or B cells is "unresponsive". For the "non-ego" of foreign microorganisms or foreign tissues and organs introduced into the body, the immune system will protect the body from the damage of intruders by starting an immune "response" reaction.

  Therefore, if the function of the immune system is disordered and the normal components of the body are regarded as foreign substances, autoimmune diseases will occur. From the pathogenesis, autoimmune diseases are diseases caused by the breaking of immune tolerance. The immune system cannot correctly identify "self" and "non-self", thus attacking its own tissues and organs.

  In addition, the dysfunction of T cells with the function of regulating immunity can not stop or inhibit the immune response in time, which will also lead to the occurrence of autoimmune reaction.

  Autoimmune diseases are related to genes.

  It is necessary for us to understand the role of genes in autoimmune diseases.

  In the process of immune response, many auxiliary molecules are needed to produce specific immune response against foreign microbial antigens. Among them, the most important helper molecule is MHC (major histocompatibility complex). T cells can be activated and the subsequent immune response can be initiated only after the foreign microbial antigen and MHC molecules combine to form a complex.

  MHC is usually called human leukocyte antigen (HLA), and its related gene is located on chromosome 6. HLA antigen complex is regarded as the genetic determinant of immune activation. In other words, HLA mainly determines the characteristics of immune response and the occurrence and development direction of immune response. At present, more and more genetic studies show that HLA determines a person’s susceptibility to many diseases, especially autoimmune diseases. People who carry these susceptibility genes have a much higher risk of autoimmune diseases than the general population.

  In reality, scientists have found some susceptible genes related to autoimmune diseases. It is certain that human immune response is influenced by genetic factors, and some autoimmune diseases have genetic tendencies.

  People with genetic susceptibility should beware of "molecular simulation"

  Generally speaking, autoimmune diseases often occur in genetically susceptible people. Their immune cells have abnormal functions, and they will get sick when they encounter suitable external triggers.

  These external triggers include microorganisms, such as some bacterial or viral infections, and some harmful substances in the environment, such as smoking. For example, some microbial antigens, such as staphylococcal protein A and staphylococcal enterotoxin, can stimulate T or B cells, making these cells transform into autoreactive T or B cells, leading to autoimmune reactions.

  In addition, because the components of some microorganisms are similar to the fragments in normal human tissues, the normal immune response to foreign microorganisms will activate autoimmune lymphocytes in the form of "molecular simulation" or cross-reaction, causing autoimmune reactions. The most typical autoimmune disease caused by molecular simulation is rheumatic fever. The anti-Streptococcus M protein antibodies in rheumatic fever cross-react with actin, laminin and antigens of nervous system, and start inflammatory reaction in the heart, causing rheumatic heart disease. If these antibodies enter the brain tissue, they can cause chorea. Studies have shown that in type I diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, there is a "molecular simulation" effect between this microbial protein and human tissues.

  In a word, the immune system is a delicate and complex barrier to protect the body from external harm. However, the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is very complicated, so far, the exact pathogenesis of a considerable number of diseases has not been fully studied. It should be noted that after the occurrence of autoimmune diseases, patients should seek medical advice in time, diagnose and treat early, so as to avoid irreversible damage to important organs. (Tian Xinping, Peking Union Medical College Hospital)