In recent years, Suqian has seized the new track of digital economy, built new opportunities for industrial development, and made every effort to build a "famous e-commerce city", and the e-commerce market has flourished. The pace of "Double Eleven" is getting closer and closer. Recently, e-commerce companies have sprinted to meet the "Double Eleven".

E-business people busy in front of the screen.

On October 30th, the staff of Suqian Malt E-commerce Co., Ltd. located in Sucheng District were busy processing a large number of orders on the computer screen. They are ready for the "Double Eleven".

It is reported that Suqian Malt E-Commerce Co., Ltd. was established in 2017. It is an e-commerce company specializing in carpet sales. At present, the company cooperates with many independent brands of carpets, covering a variety of styles to meet the needs of different customers. At the same time, it provides national multi-warehouse distribution service to ensure that customers can receive their favorite products in the shortest time. During the "Double Eleven" period last year, the company’s sales exceeded 9 million yuan, and this year, the company’s sales target during the "Double Eleven" period is to exceed 20 million yuan.

"At present, our company has 12 anchors, 16 customer service staff and 8 operators … The manpower is still sufficient. In order to welcome the’ Double Eleven’, we are also ready, which not only extends the live broadcast time of various e-commerce platforms, but also carries out related preferential activities. Customers will enjoy the lowest price in the whole year when they start our carpets at the’ Double Eleven’." Wang Wenjie, the person in charge of Suqian Malt E-Commerce Co., Ltd., said that recently, the popularity of the company’s live broadcast room has increased significantly, which is about three times as usual. Not only that, the daily sales in recent days have exceeded 300,000 yuan, and the sales target should be achieved steadily as expected.

In all the office areas of Suqian Malt E-Commerce Co., Ltd., balloons and pendants with the words "Facing the Double Eleven" were carefully arranged. In front of the computer, the voice of customer service staff tapping the keyboard came and went, and several dialogue windows flashed on the screen of each computer. In the live broadcast room on one side, the anchor is trying to recommend different styles of carpets to customers in front of the screen …

"Nowadays, there are more and more e-commerce platforms we cooperate with, and there are more promotional activities. Everyone’s consumption enthusiasm is very high. As an e-commerce merchant, what we have to do is to provide customers with intimate services as much as possible, and we must shoulder the responsibility before and after sales." Wang Wenjie said.

Meet the "Double Eleven" and have sufficient confidence and confidence.

On the morning of October 29th, in a software industrial park near Yingbin Avenue in Shuyang County, several logistics vehicles were parked in front of Jiangsu Zhimei Cosmetics Co., Ltd., and the staff were busy transporting the goods into the logistics vehicles through the conveyor belt, and these goods were about to be transported to thousands of households from here.

"Founded in February 2010, the company is a new e-commerce enterprise integrating cosmetics R&D, production, testing and sales. It has successfully hatched a number of cosmetics brands. We have a strict and perfect R&D management system, and the R&D team brings together all kinds of talents, with a total of 15 members. At the same time, it has internationally advanced R&D equipment and testing instruments to provide customers with many high-quality products with distinctive features." Wang Biao, general manager of the company, proudly introduced.

In order to welcome the "Double Eleven", in September this year, Jiangsu Zhimei Cosmetics Co., Ltd. began to plan ahead. "First of all, in terms of stocking, our operation department determines the required quantity of this year’s’ Double Eleven’ best-selling products in advance and submits it to the purchasing department, and then the purchasing department connects with the factory in advance to ensure sufficient supply of goods; Secondly, actively create a’ Double Eleven’ atmosphere within the company, hang banners and put up posters in the company, provide snacks and drinks for employees, and provide logistics support for employees. " Wang Biao said, at the same time, they also tested the network lines in advance to ensure the smooth operation of the network.

"We have more than 300 employees, and everyone is busy with the’ Double Eleven’. From November 1 to 11 last year, the number of parcels we delivered was about 550,000, and there were about 200,000 parcels on the 11 th." Wang Biao said that they have confidence and confidence to meet the "Double Eleven".

Focus on superior categories and publicize special agricultural products

"Let’s have a look, this product in my hand is the characteristic of Suqian …" On October 30th, in Suqian Jiangbei Food Co., Ltd. located in Buzi Town, Sucheng District, two anchors were facing the camera of the mobile phone, promoting Suqian’s special agricultural products with flying spirits.

According to reports, Suqian Jiangbei Food Co., Ltd. mainly sells agricultural products with local characteristics through e-commerce platforms and webcasts, and at the same time selects online celebrity products such as Xinjiang jujube, walnut and macadamia fruit to promote them vigorously. Up to now, the company has opened 20 stores in JD.COM, Tmall, Taobao and other well-known online platforms, and has storage centers in Shanghai, Wuhan and Tianjin.

"We have participated in the’ Double Eleven’ activities for nearly 10 years, and this time of year is the busiest. At present, we seize the time to expand our warehouse, prepare enough goods, and launch various preferential profit-making activities to do a good job in various services. Now, the staff of the warehousing department are picking and delivering various orders. " Chen Yunkai, manager of the company’s operation department, introduced.

Goods are particularly important in the preparation before the "Double Eleven". "In the early stage, we have been paying attention to the daily data feedback of the e-commerce platform and selecting products that may become explosions. We find that consumers become more rational when making consumption choices, and they are more inclined to choose products with brand awareness. " Chen Yunkai said, therefore, from this year’s publicity strategy, they mainly focus on the company’s superior categories and carry out network promotion.

"The annual’ Double Eleven’ is a test for us. We also have great expectations for this’ Double Eleven’. " Chen Yunkai said that it is estimated that the company’s overall sales will be around 15 million yuan during the "Double Eleven" period this year.

Suqian builds a "famous e-commerce city" at a high level.

From January to September, Suqian completed e-commerce transactions and online retail sales of 188 billion yuan and 50 billion yuan respectively, up 13.9% and 11.1% respectively. From January to September, the express delivery service enterprises in Suqian completed 542.976 million pieces of business, up 25.6% year-on-year, ranking fifth in the province in terms of total volume and growth rate, with an average of 23 pieces of express delivery from Suqian to all parts of the world every second.

During the "Double Eleven" period, all e-commerce enterprises in Suqian are fully prepared and full of tricks, and various promotional activities will be launched simultaneously. The Municipal Bureau of Commerce will also continue to provide service guarantees to help e-commerce enterprises achieve "brand value+operating income" double growth. Actively organize local specialty products to carry out "Double Eleven" promotion, maintain dynamic communication with e-commerce business entities, and do a good job in various service guarantees; Guide business entities to carry out online and offline integration promotion activities. Highlight e-commerce to help agriculture, focus on local agricultural products and food, and further play the important role of e-commerce in helping rural revitalization. Highlighting live broadcast to help sales, and promoting live broadcast through e-commerce platforms have become an important way to drive product sales. Highlight the network boost, do a good job in promoting the image of Suqian local enterprises and products with the influence of "Double Eleven", and enhance the visibility and reputation of products; Strengthen communication and urge e-commerce business entities to operate in good faith.

Recently, Suqian issued "Several Measures on Building a Famous E-commerce City at a High Level" (hereinafter referred to as "Measures"), aiming at seizing the new opportunities of digital economy strategy, taking the high-quality development of the city’s e-commerce industry as the main line, highlighting the development focus of "industrial prosperity, multi-production, symbiosis and mutual promotion of production and city", speeding up the construction of e-commerce industry ecosystem, increasing the total volume, expanding the increment, optimizing the stock and improving the quality. The Measures shall come into force on January 1, 2024 and shall be valid until December 31, 2026. In these three years, Suqian will strive to achieve significant enhancement of e-commerce application innovation, continuous optimization of service support, comprehensive improvement of scale and quality, standardized and orderly development of the industry, and comprehensive enhancement of empowerment. The main energy level, professional services, innovative elements and business environment of the e-commerce industry rank high in the province and have national influence, and basically build a new highland for high-quality development of the national e-commerce industry with high concentration of subjects, efficient innovation of elements and perfect industrial ecology.

Once a cross-border e-commerce enterprise violates the tax law, it needs to bear criminal responsibility and non-criminal responsibility. Non-criminal liability should first pay taxes, second pay fines, and third pay late fees. The late fees are 18.25% annualized and the fines are 0.5 -5 times. The other is criminal responsibility. According to Articles 201-205 of the Criminal Law, the maximum sentence can be life imprisonment. Therefore, in order to enable cross-border e-commerce enterprises to develop in a long-term and better way, fiscal and taxation compliance is both the general trend and imperative.

The most important compliance is tax. The domestic e-commerce law aims at us to do pure export trade e-commerce, because the income is overseas, not in China. Many sellers have asked, what impact does this have on cross-border e-commerce? If we also do import e-commerce, such as Tmall and Taobao, it matters a lot, but it doesn’t matter if we do export.

The CRS common declaration standard, that is, global taxation, before 2017 and 2018, many sellers have registered offshore accounts, and funds may flow overseas. Since the implementation of CRS, this piece is almost inevitable, and all information will be exchanged. In the past, it would have been good for funds to go to overseas personal accounts, but now it is not.

Why do we have to let people pay attention to CRS? Because global taxation is in China, as long as it belongs to China resident taxpayers, as long as there is income, it needs to be declared.

So how on earth should we achieve compliance?

Pay according to domestic tax laws, in fact, compliance is very simple. However, our input invoices are not available, especially for small and medium-sized sellers, so it is difficult to comply with the tax. On the mainland side, taxes are set by votes, and if there is income, taxes will be paid.

If you have funds to spend, but you can’t offset the tax without the invoice, the tax for this kind will be very high.

For example, at the purchasing end, you have expenses, but because you have not obtained the cost ticket, you can’t offset the tax. It’s very high to pay taxes according to the full amount of income. Before income tax, it was 25%, and the value-added tax was 13%. After payment, it may be reversed.

So how to solve the tax problem?

One is value-added tax, and the other is income tax. For our cross-border sellers, the most important issue is income tax, because the state stipulates that export value-added tax is exempt. As long as you have the right to import and export, you can go abroad for tax-free filing and purchase without invoices. At the same time, income tax is divided into personal income tax and enterprise income tax. From the current point of view, income tax of most enterprises has been avoided, because the funds have gone to individuals. The income that should have been borne by the company did not go to the public account, but went to the private account, that is, this tax was passed on to the personal income tax, but has the personal income tax been paid? In the case of income, it is illegal not to pay taxes, and in life, personal income tax bears greater risks.

How to solve the current personal tax problem?

The New Deal came out at the end of last year and was officially implemented on February 1 this year. The policy of 4% cross-border e-commerce income tax:

New Deal calculation method:

Explaining the appeal policy, the taxable income rate is uniformly determined by 4%, such as 10 million sales, the payable income is 10 million times 4% which is 400,000 (payable income), and then multiplied by 5% according to the payable income, which is to pay 20,000 yuan (small and micro enterprise policy), and the tax amount is controlled below 2,000.

It’s much lower than before, but many sellers can’t take the New Deal.

First of all, to use this policy, we must go through the approval process. At present, most areas have not formally implemented the new policy because:

First, there are many supporting measures that have not come out, so it is difficult to go through the procedure. Second, you have to have a lot of qualifications to go through the procedure.

In this regard, Yin Binzhi proposed two ways to reduce taxes:

The taxation of overseas warehouses is more advantageous. How can we build a compliance framework for overseas warehouses?

(Note: Overseas companies don’t need invoices, just pro forma invoices.)

The scheme adopted by most sellers:

Compliance method: the parent company in mainland China files overseas investment and sets up a subsidiary in Hong Kong. If there is an invoice, the parent company will be used for normal tax refund; Without an invoice, use a third-party tool to carry out capital settlement, so that the flow between individuals and companies will be reduced.

The above are the methods of reasonable tax avoidance and compliance management put forward by lecturer Yin Binzhi. The lecturer Yin Binzhi is currently the financial director of cross-border e-commerce sellers, the financial consultant of several cross-border e-commerce enterprises and the tax collector of cross-border e-commerce. He has more than 6 years of financial work experience in cross-border e-commerce, and his content is well received!

Click here to learn more!

Editor: Jiang Tong

1. Application status of invention patent in high-tech field

　　According to the classification scheme of high-tech industries (24 small industries) researched and formulated by the Ministry of Science and Technology and the international patent classification (IPC), the comparison table between industrial classification and international patent classification is established (see Annex 1). According to this comparison table, the number of invention patent applications in high-tech industries from 1997 to 1999 is counted (see Table 2). This paper briefly analyzes the situation of inter-industry and domestic patent application.

　　First, look at the development of the four major industries (see Table 1). In terms of the total amount, it was basically the same in 1997 and 1998, but it decreased in 1999, mainly due to the large decrease in foreign applications (the decrease was about 40%). Domestic applications have maintained a growth momentum, with an average annual growth rate of 14.2%, with a surge of 40% in 1999 compared with 1998, making the applications for invention patents in high-tech fields received by China in 1999 equally divided between domestic and foreign countries; Among them, "computer and office equipment manufacturing" has the fastest growth, with an annual growth rate of nearly 19 percentage points, followed by "electronic and communication equipment manufacturing", with an average annual growth rate of about 17%, which indicates the development of science and technology and the progress of these two industries in owning independent intellectual property rights to some extent. Although domestic applications in high-tech fields have increased by a large margin, they accounted for only about 4% of the total domestic applications in that year, which is still far from the 20% of foreign applications in high-tech fields.

　　Secondly, look at the development of various industries. As can be seen from Table 2, the industries with the highest number of applications have basically changed little in the past three years. Among them, there are four industries in which the number of domestic applications accounts for more than half of the total number of domestic and foreign applications (the number in 1999): ① "chemical preparation manufacturing" (mainly Chinese patent medicine manufacturing), ② "computer external equipment manufacturing", ③ "biological products manufacturing" and ④ "chemical raw material manufacturing". ① ② The two industries have always maintained great advantages, accounting for about 60% to 80% of the total patent applications at home and abroad; It is particularly noteworthy that in 1999, the number of foreign applications decreased by more than two times compared with the previous year, but the number of domestic applications increased by four times, making nearly 90% of applications in this field domestic, which is of great significance to changing the situation that the biological product technology market is monopolized by foreign patents. But generally speaking, among the applications for invention patents involving high-tech industries accepted by our bureau, those with relatively high technical content, dominant economic competition and international competitiveness are still mainly from abroad.

　　Finally, look at the application status of major countries in China. This paper takes the United States, Japan, Germany and South Korea, four countries with developed economies and patents, as the objects, and makes statistics on the application status in China during the three years from 1997 to 1999 (see Table 3). Generally speaking, compared with foreign applications to China in that year, the applications from the four countries all accounted for more than half; Especially, "electronic and communication equipment manufacturing" and "computer and office equipment manufacturing" are outstanding, accounting for about 90% of the total number of foreign applications, which has obvious advantages over similar domestic applications. Take the "electronic and communication equipment manufacturing industry", which has the fastest development, the widest application scope and the largest consumer market, as an example. In 1997, the number of domestic applications was only one seventh of that of foreign applications in China (only 35.4% of Japanese applications in China). By 1999, although this situation had improved, foreign applications still accounted for 80%. At present, applications in this field in China are mainly made by Panasonic, Sony, Hitachi and NEC in Japan, Motorola and IBM in the United States, and Samsung and Hyundai in South Korea. These are the major brands that monopolize China’s electronics and communication market today. Although state-owned brands are also striving to expand their market share, they are still at a disadvantage in terms of innovation, market competitiveness and brand awareness.

　　2. Analysis of invention patent authorization

　　(1) Analysis and comparison of authorized cumulative quantity

　　From 1985 to August 18, 2000, there were more than 98,000 applications for ending the examination procedure of domestic invention patent applications, of which more than 21,000 were authorized to be announced. Compared with the number of domestic invention patent applications of more than 145,000, the settlement rate was about 68%.

　　In contrast, from 1985 to now, there are about 82,000 applications for foreign invention patent applications that have ended the examination procedure, of which more than 31,000 are authorized to announce. Compared with the number of foreign invention patent applications of more than 166,000, the settlement rate is about 50%, of which authorization accounts for 38% of the closed cases and authorization accounts for 19% of the applications.

　　Judging from the total number of applications and the total authorized amount, domestic invention patent applications account for 46.6% of the total invention patent applications, and foreign invention patent applications account for 53.4% of the total invention patent applications; Domestic invention patents accounted for 40.2% of the total invention patents granted, and foreign invention patents accounted for 59.8% of the total invention patents granted.

　　(2) Analysis and comparison of hot areas of technological innovation.

　　From the perspective of authorization rate, there is still a big gap between domestic invention patent applications and foreign invention patent applications. On the whole, although domestic invention patent applications and authorization are at a disadvantage, we still have advantages in some technical fields.

　　(a) Comparison of ten hot areas of technological innovation

　　From the statistical results, the top ten IPC categories in the cumulative amount of invention patent authorization in China are (see Table 1):

　　As can be seen from Table 1, among the top ten IPC categories in China, seven categories not only have a large number of patents granted, but also account for more than 50% of the domestic patents granted, which reflects that these categories have relatively strong technological development strength, active research and development, rapid technological development, and a large share of high-level technological innovation, so there are more new technologies and new products, and the upgrading of new technologies and new products is also faster. For example, in A61, the development of new products and technologies represented by traditional Chinese medicine, health care drugs and cosmetics is very active and of high quality.

　　Correspondingly, the top ten IPC categories in the cumulative amount of foreign invention patents granted in China are (see Table 2):

　　As can be seen from Table 2, among the top ten IPC categories of foreign invention patents, five categories are the same as those of domestic invention patents, but the order is different. It shows that in some hot areas, the development trend of domestic science and technology is basically consistent with that of the international community, but it is not synchronized.

　　(b) Changes in ten hot areas of technological innovation

　　In recent years, the top ten changes in the cumulative amount of domestic invention patents can better reflect the distribution, development and changes of domestic technological innovations with independent intellectual property rights in the technical field. The following table lists these changes.

　　As can be seen from Table 3, except that the number of authorization announcements in the first year is too small to be statistically significant, there are only two categories that rank first in the number of authorizations in each year. Before 1994, it was G01, and then it was A61. G01 category has been declining since 1994, and began to disappear from the top ten in 1999, which reflects that the technology development activities of G01 category are weakening in recent years. Before A61 was ranked as the first authorized category in 1994, it basically kept fluctuating among the top ten. After the revision of the patent law in 1992, the restrictions on traditional Chinese medicine and other drugs were liberalized, which was the main reason for A61′ s long-term ranking first.

　　3. Patent application status

　　In 2000, our bureau accepted a total of 170,682 applications for three kinds of patents, an increase of 36,443 over the previous year’s 134,239, with a growth rate of 27.1%.

　　By December 31st, 2000, our bureau had accepted 1,166,427 patent applications. Among them, there are 972,860 domestic patent applications, accounting for 83.4% of the total number of patent applications; There are 193,567 foreign patent applications, accounting for 16.6% of the total number of patent applications.

　　Since 1994, our bureau has officially become a member of PCT, and as of December 31, 2000, we have received 1,767 international applications. Received 1,709 international application search books and completed 1,299 international search reports; Received 903 requests for international preliminary examination and completed 698 international preliminary examination reports; International applications for entering the domestic stage in China: 59,419 inventions and 19 utility models. In 2000, 746 international applications were received; Received 671 international application search books and completed 364 international search reports; Received 267 requests for international preliminary examination and completed 230 international preliminary examination reports; International applications for entering the domestic stage in China: 15,798 inventions and 4 utility models.

　　The characteristics of patent applications in 2000 are as follows: (1) According to the number of three kinds of patent applications, there were 51,747 invention patent applications, up 41.0% from 36,694 in the previous year; There were 68,815 applications for utility model patents, up 19.7% from 57,492 in the previous year; There were 50,120 applications for design patents, up 25.1% from 40,053 in the previous year. (2) From the domestic and foreign composition, domestic applications are mainly utility model and design patents, accounting for 81.9%; Foreign applications are mainly invention patents, accounting for 87.0%. (3) judging from the composition of the three kinds of patents, domestic applications for invention patents have developed by leaps and bounds. In 2000, there were 25,346 applications, an increase of 62.5% over the same period of last year, making the number of domestic and foreign applications for invention patents equally divided; Domestic applications for utility models and designs account for more than 90% of the total.

　　4. Distribution of patent applications by region, industry and country

　　In 2000, the ranking of domestic patent applications by provinces and cities changed compared with the previous year. The top ten provinces and cities were: Guangdong, Shanghai, Taiwan Province, Beijing, Zhejiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Sichuan and Fujian.

　　In 2000, the number of patent applications from domestic industrial and mining enterprises was 45,862, an increase of 40.5% over the previous year’s 32,636; The number of patent applications from domestic colleges and universities was 2,924, an increase of 65.3% over the previous year’s 1,769; The number of patent applications from domestic scientific research institutes was 4,122, an increase of 35.2% over the previous year’s 3,048.

　　As of December 31st, 2000, there were 105 countries and regions that applied for patents in China. In 2000, there were 71 countries and regions that applied for patents in China, and there were 6 new countries: Vatican (2), Andorra, Dominican Republic, Estonia, Morocco and Vietnam (1 each). The top ten countries and regions in terms of applications are: Japan, the United States, Germany, South Korea, France, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Sweden and Italy.

　　5. Distribution of patent applications in various technical fields

　　In 2000, according to IPC classification, 116,769 patent applications for inventions and utility models were completed, an increase of 19.5% over the previous year’s 97,753.

　　Judging from the classification of invention patent applications in 2000, its characteristics are as follows: (1) Applications for medical, dental and cosmetic preparations (A61K) ranked first in the total number of applications for the tenth consecutive year, of which domestic applications accounted for nearly 70%; Applications related to electronic digital data processing (G06F) rank second, and domestic and foreign applications are basically equally divided; (2) The application for peptide and amino acid (C07K) was a hot spot in the growth of domestic applications in 2000, ranking second in the domestic rankings, and the application for drugs (A61K) and electronic digital data processing (G06F) ranked third in the domestic rankings for the fifth consecutive year; (3) The foreign applications are mainly about heterocyclic compounds (C07D), information storage (G11B) and transit switching equipment (H04Q), which account for more than 80% of the total applications.

　　Since more than 95% of utility model patents are domestic applications, the ranking actually reflects the status of domestic utility model applications: applications for containers or packages for storing or transporting substances (B65D) have been in the first place for eight consecutive years, and applications for valves, ventilation, inflatable devices, etc. (F16K), electronic digital data processing (G06F) and door and window devices, etc. (E06B) are among the best.

　　6. Examination and approval of patent applications

　　By December 31st, 2000, China Patent Office had granted a total of 636,385 patents. In 2000, 105,345 patents were granted, up 5.2% from 100,156 in the previous year.

　　In 2000, 38,290 invention patent applications were published. In 2001, 33,449 requests for actual examination of invention patents took effect. In the substantive examination, 961 applications for invention patents were rejected and 5,820 were withdrawn. 12,683 invention patents were granted, an increase of 66.1% over the previous year’s 7,637.

　　In 2000, 54,743 utility model patents were granted, a decrease of 2.9% compared with 56,368 in the previous year; 273 cases were rejected and 9,841 cases were withdrawn.

　　In 2000, 37,919 design patents were granted, an increase of 4.9% over the previous year’s 36,151; 21 cases were rejected and 4,543 cases were withdrawn.

　　Table 1: Statistics of three kinds of patent applications at home and abroad in 2000 by job and non-job respectively.

　　Table 2: Distribution of job and non-job applications in China in 2000

　　Table 3: Distribution of Domestic Job Applications from 1997 to 2000

　　Table 4: Top Ten Foreign Companies and Enterprises with Applications in 2000

　　Table 5: Top Ten Colleges and Universities with Domestic Applications in 2000

　　Table 6: Top Ten Research Institutes with Domestic Applications in 2000

　　Table 7: Top Ten Industrial and Mining Enterprises with Domestic Applications in 2000

　　Table 8: Top Ten Provinces and Cities with Domestic Applications in 2000

　　Table 9: Top Ten Countries with Foreign Applications in 2000

　　Table 10: Classification of Invention and Utility Model Patent Applications by IPC in 2000

　　Table 11: the top ten categories of invention patent applications in 2000 according to IPC classification

　　Table 12: the top ten categories of utility model patent applications in 2000 according to IPC classification

　　Table 13: Approval Status of Three Kinds of Patent Applications at Home and Abroad in 2000

　　7. Technical development prospect of biological fertilizer

　　"Bio-fertilizer" technology refers to the technology that crops get specific fertilizer efficiency by the life activities of organisms. It includes two kinds of inventions: the invention of using organisms to prepare fertilizers and the invention of fertilizer products containing organisms, and the latter invention accounts for the vast majority.

　　In fact, the research and application of bio-fertilizer in China began shortly after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. At first, leguminous plants were inoculated with rhizobia. In 1950s, autotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus bacteria and silicate bacteria were introduced from the Soviet Union. In 1960s, China successfully developed actinomycetes "5406" antibiotic fertilizer and nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria fertilizer. From 1970s to 1980s, VA mycorrhiza made of soil fungi was developed, which improved the phosphorus nutrition conditions of plants and increased water use efficiency. From 1980s to 1990s, China successively applied combined nitrogen-fixing bacteria and bio-potassium fertilizer as seed dressing agents, and recently developed to popularize the application of bio-fertilizer made of rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria and organic fertilizer as base fertilizer.

　　Since the implementation of China’s patent law in 1985, the number of patent applications for biological fertilizers has changed as shown in Figure 1.

　　As can be seen from Figure 1, the patent application for bio-fertilizer increased rapidly in 1991, and now it has reached about 30 patent applications every year. It is believed that with the continuous development of high and new technologies in China, especially biotechnology, and the continuous pursuit of modern agriculture, the number of patent applications for bio-fertilizer will also increase, which will have a far-reaching impact on China’s agriculture.

　　We believe that the following aspects are the development trends of bio-fertilizer in China at present and in the future:

　　(1) Development from single biological strain to compound multi-strain

　　Because the fertilizer efficiency of microbial fertilizer is not the result of single function, it will inevitably develop into the compound of many bacteria. At present, domestic microbial fertilizers tend to combine rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria and other microbial strains to form a variety of synergistic effects by using different mechanisms of different biological strains on crops, so it is inevitable to develop from a single biological strain to a compound multi-strain direction.

　　(2) Development from inoculants to compound bio-fertilizers.

　　Because it is difficult to meet the demand of the vast farmland for fertilizer by using effective fungi as inoculants for crop seed dressing fertilizer. Farmland soil is hardened due to the decreasing application of farm manure, which affects the fertility base. This phenomenon has become the biggest obstacle to the further development of agriculture in China. Using biological compound fertilizer composed of microbial fungi and organic fertilizer matrix can greatly increase the beneficial flora in rhizosphere and increase the active organic matter and nutrient elements in soil, which is the mainstream direction of microbial fertilizer in the future.

　　(3) From single function to multi-function.

　　Although the mechanism of action on microorganisms in the field of bio-fertilizer has been debated for many years, the basic consensus is that the functions of various microorganisms are not single. For example, some nitrogen-fixing bacteria can not only fix nitrogen, but also inhibit germs, some insecticidal bacteria can also inhibit bacteria, and many soil microorganisms can stimulate plant growth. With the deepening of people’s understanding of bio-fertilizer, it is bound to put forward higher and more comprehensive requirements for this kind of fertilizer, which requires bio-fertilizer to have comprehensive functions such as improving plant nutrition, stimulating growth and inhibiting bacteria. Therefore, in the future, bio-fertilizer should develop in a multi-functional direction, which requires not only its fertilizer efficiency, improving crop quality and appearance, but also its multiple functions such as preventing and controlling crop diseases and insect pests and adjusting crop maturity.

　　(4) Development from spore-free bacteria to spore-bearing bacteria.

　　The rhizobia and nitrogen-fixing fungi used in the existing biological fertilizers belong to spore-free fungi. Because Bacillus-free bacteria are not resistant to high temperature and drying, their stress resistance is low, and they are not resistant to storage, so they have to adopt liquid form or adsorb microbial strains in some carriers, such as peat or vermiculite, for convenience of storage and transportation. However, with the continuous expansion of the application scope and the increasing dosage of bio-fertilizers, it is difficult to transport and fertilize liquid or adsorbed bio-fertilizers, especially to commercialize them. In order to change the dosage form of microbial fertilizer, it is necessary to update the strains. The above situation can be avoided by using Bacillus as the strain in the bio-fertilizer. For example, at present, many patent applications have proposed to select Bacillus B.megatherium, Bacillus B.polymyxa and Bacillus B.mucilaginosus. These Bacillus and their variants can withstand high temperature and drought, so the bio-fertilizer containing these strains can be dried into dry powder or formed into particles, so as to be stored for a long time.

　　With the increasing attention of society to environmental protection and the development of ecological agriculture, China’s bio-fertilizer is bound to develop greatly. More than 70 countries in the world have been vigorously promoting the application of microbial fertilizer, and its application ratio has reached more than half of the total agricultural fertilizer in developed countries in Europe and America, and it is gradually replacing chemical fertilizer products. Although research work has been carried out in China for nearly 50 years, and there are hundreds of manufacturers, its scale, depth, breadth and application have lagged behind developed countries.

　　8. Nanotechnology Analysis and Prediction

　　At present, nanotechnology is in a period of rapid development. The number of patent applications for nano-materials and technologies has increased sharply. From the perspective of patent applications in China, there are about 312 in total, of which domestic ones are the main ones. Since 1997, there have been about 149 inventions, including 136 inventions, mainly from scientific research institutes, universities and large enterprises in China. According to the derwent database, there have been a lot of foreign applications for nano-materials and technologies in recent one or two years. The number of applications in several major hot areas in the past 99 years is now counted in Table 1.

　　Analysis:

　　A) The number of applications is relatively concentrated in China, the United States, Germany, Japan and South Korea.

　　B) The contents of the application can be roughly divided into three categories: first, nanomaterials and their developed products; second, preparation methods and devices; and third, the application of nanomaterials. As far as chemistry is concerned, nanomaterials mainly involve the development and application of metals or nonmetals and their oxides, coating compositions, polymer nanocomposites, catalysts, ceramics, alloys, single crystals and medical or cosmetic preparations, and carbon nanotubes.

　　C) Most domestic applications involve material preparation methods; There are relatively many applications involved in foreign applications.

　　D) In terms of preparation methods, besides the traditional sol-gel method and pyrolysis method, there are also gas-phase and solid-phase methods, and modern technologies such as radiation, ultrasound and laser are added.

　　E) The products developed with nano-materials involve various fields, and are concentrated in ceramics, coatings and medical or cosmetic preparations at home and abroad; Foreign applications are higher than domestic ones, such as magnets and optical components.

　　Forecast:

　　A) From next year, foreign countries may apply to China in large quantities, mainly focusing on materials, developed products and their applications. At the same time, domestic applications will also increase, mainly focusing on developed products, methods and devices.

　　B) In the field of organic chemistry, the applications of three kinds of nano-lubricating materials, such as organic macromolecule modified nano-particle lubricating oil additives, solid lubricating coatings for enhancing adhesion, nano-particle reinforced polymer composite materials or reinforced metal-polymer multilayer composite materials, and ultra-thin organic lubricating films, will gradually increase.

　　C) Recently, the patent application of carbon nanotubes is still a hot spot, and carbon nanotube arrays will make new progress.

　　D) In the future, applications for promising hydrogen fuel sources, information technology, preparation of nanoparticles with bioactive substances, and nanomaterials that can be used in the fields of pharmacy, medicine and cosmetics will continue to increase.

　　9. Mobile communication technology analysis and patent application prediction

　　In recent years, mobile communication technology has developed rapidly, and its patent applications account for a large proportion in China’s communication field. The number of patent applications in 2000 was basically the same as that in 1999. The proportion of patent applications in major countries and regions in 1999-2000 is shown in Figure 1, and the proportion of patent applications in major companies is shown in Figure 2.

　　From the statistical data, we can see that the number of applications is relatively concentrated in several communication companies in the United States, Japan, Europe and South Korea, such as Nippon Electric, Lucent of the United States, Samsung of South Korea, etc., while the number of applications for mobile communication patents of Chinese communication companies has increased slightly. From the perspective of patented technology, it mainly focuses on power control, diversity reception, switching, terminal equipment and so on.

　　At present, because communication companies are actively developing the third generation mobile communication products, it is expected that in the future, patent applications such as smart antenna technology, baseband processing, power control technology, switching technology, congestion control, resource allocation and management will be the hot spots of patent applications. In addition, a patent application will also be filed for the small image mobile terminal technology applying the wireless access protocol (WAP).

　　Therefore, it is expected that the patent application in the field of mobile communication technology is still a hot spot in patent application in China; In the future, the number and proportion of patent applications of domestic communication companies will increase.

　　China Overseas Chinese Network June 15th Issue: Attention overseas Chinese friends! When you return to China during the Dragon Boat Festival, you can enjoy another entry and exit convenience.

　　I’m afraid overseas Chinese friends have encountered this annoying thing when they return home on holidays: getting off the plane and getting ready to enter the country, looking at the long queue waiting for customs clearance in front of them, thinking that it will take an hour at the earliest to pass the border inspection, and the enthusiasm for returning home to visit relatives and friends immediately cooled a lot …

　　Xiaoqiao had a similar experience. On the last day of the National Day holiday in a certain year, the overseas Chinese who returned home after traveling caught up with the return peak. It took a full hour and a half to get off the plane and go to the border inspection. They were exhausted by the long flight and felt even more exhausted after going through customs.

　　Someone wants to ask, isn’t there a self-service entry channel? Wouldn’t it be quicker to go there? On the one hand, the self-service channel requires a new version of electronic passports, and many people’s old passports have not expired and have not been replaced yet, so they cannot enjoy convenience; On the other hand, self-service customs clearance is exempt from stamping, but when applying for visas from some countries, the entry stamp on the passport must be complete.

　　At present, although many self-service aisles are equipped with cover patches, many people are not aware of them. There was a case before: when Ms. Zhao applied for a tourist visa, because she entered the country through the self-service channel when she returned to China the previous time, the "entry stamp" was missing from her passport. The travel agency worried that she might be refused a visa, and suggested that she go to the airport to reissue the entry stamp, which was equivalent to running again.

　　However, starting from the 18th of this month, that is, this year’s Dragon Boat Festival, all China citizens, including overseas Chinese, will no longer have to worry about the long queue for entry and exit customs clearance!

　　China’s National Immigration Bureau announced at the press conference of the Ministry of Public Security on the 14th that starting from June 18th this year, the national land, sea and air ports will be required to queue up for entry and exit customs clearance of China citizens for no more than 30 minutes, so as to solve the problem of long queues of China citizens at the peak of large ports.

　　I have to say that the introduction of this regulation is too timely! In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people’s living standards and the deepening of China’s opening up to the outside world, China citizens’ overseas travel, visiting relatives and business activities have greatly increased.

　　The data shows that in 2017, the total number of entry-exit personnel nationwide reached 598 million, an increase of more than 140 times compared with 1977 before the reform and opening up, and an increase of 73% compared with 2007. Among them, there are quite a few overseas Chinese groups who frequently travel between China and foreign countries.

　　The increasingly huge passenger flow undoubtedly puts great pressure on the border inspection port. According to statistics, up to now, there are 35 ports with an average daily inspection of more than 5,000 passengers, 19 ports with more than 10,000 passengers and 7 ports with more than 50,000 passengers.

　　Especially on weekends and holidays, the inbound and outbound passenger flow is relatively concentrated, and the queue waiting for inspection at peak hours is longer. Then, what measures will the relevant departments take to ensure the 30-minute customs clearance period?

　　Currently known methods are:

　　Set up a special passage for China citizens.

　　Optimize on-site organization, improve process setting and improve inspection management level.

　　Improve the application level of scientific and technological informatization, promote self-service customs clearance and increase the proportion of self-service customs clearance.

　　Improve the customs clearance environment, and solve the problems such as narrow waiting area and insufficient inspection channels.

　　Undoubtedly, this is another big gift package to improve the level of entry and exit facilitation after the establishment of the National Immigration Bureau. Why do you say "again"? Friends who pay attention to media reports must be well aware that since the official establishment of the Immigration Bureau in April this year, all kinds of good news about entry and exit have simply poured in:

　　Launched "visa-free entry travel for personnel from 59 countries in Hainan"

　　From May 1st this year, Hainan Province implemented a visa-free policy for inbound tourists from 59 countries, further supporting Hainan’s comprehensive deepening of reform and opening up.

　　Handling entry and exit documents such as passports "only runs once"

　　Also on May 1st, the whole country began to implement the system of "only running once" for passport and other entry and exit documents:

　　Optimize the process of handling licenses, and concentrate all the links scattered in different time periods and places, such as photo collection, fingerprint collection, application materials submission, face-to-face verification and certificate payment, in the same place at the same time;

　　The "green channel" permits, increasing the scope of emergency permits, and providing "go and go" expedited permit service for those who go abroad to attend meetings and negotiations, sign contracts, and report for study abroad when the time is approaching, and their documents are lost or damaged before departure;

　　"Non-working-day certification", which provides office workers with the service of accepting applications on Saturdays, during the peak of certification, and before holidays.

　　"Shorten the time for applying for permits in different places", and the time limit for examination and approval of cross-provincial applications for entry and exit documents has been shortened from 30 days to 20 days;

　　"One form", one person who applies for multiple documents at the same time only needs to submit an application form, take a number, and send it synchronously according to the applicant’s needs;

　　"One-line processing", applicants can make an appointment in advance by using the Internet booking platform, which is convenient for applicants to apply for entry and exit documents at the entry and exit reception window according to the appointment time period; Provide the service that applicants voluntarily choose two-way express mail entry and exit documents.

　　Improve and perfect the examination and approval mechanism for permanent residence qualifications.

　　After the establishment of the National Immigration Bureau, the review process for foreigners’ applications for permanent residence was continuously optimized to improve work efficiency. In two months, 1,881 eligible foreigners were approved for permanent residence in China, equivalent to the total amount of approval in 2017.

　　Some of these new regulations directly cover overseas Chinese groups, while others can indirectly benefit foreign Chinese, and once they are promulgated, they will be recognized by overseas Chinese. I believe that with the continuous advancement of the work of the Immigration Bureau, there will be more powerful new policies coming out one after another, which will bring more convenience to the entry and exit of overseas Chinese.

　　(Source: China Overseas Chinese Network official WeChat, Author: Fu Qiang, ID: qiaowangzhongguo)

Special topic: the incident of smashing, looting and burning in Lhasa, Tibet

Photos described by Dalai as "China soldiers posing as lamas to stir up riots".

Using this photo to slander "China soldiers pretending to be lamas" is full of flaws.

　　　 On March 29th, the Dalai Lama held a press conference in India, and made a rumor by himself that "China soldiers pretended to be lamas to stir up riots", so as to shirk the responsibility of launching the "March 14th Tibet incident". And there is a lot of evidence that this is another smear of Dalai’s low level that can’t stand scrutiny.

　　　 On this issue, the World Wide Web contacted Ren Yan, a special correspondent of Global Times in India. At that time, the fact was that the Dalai Lama only gave lip service at the press conference and did not produce evidence and photos. Moreover, the general view in India was that China had been committed to the stability of Tibet and could not take the initiative to provoke conflicts. Therefore, the Indian media only mentioned the Dalai Lama’s press conference and did not agree with Dalai’s outrageous slander. In the report, he described Dalai’s nonsense as a "war of words".

　　　 According to the Global Times reporter, the "China soldiers posing as lamas" mentioned by the Dalai Lama came from an online photo, but with a little analysis, it can be found that this photo could not have been taken during the "314 Tibet smashing and looting incident":

　　　 First of all, the picture is not China’s army but the armed police force; Secondly, according to the news of Xinhua News Agency in 2004, from January 1, 2005, the officers and men of the Armed Police Force will wear armbands and chest tags in a unified way, but the armed police soldiers in the photo did not wear armbands and chest tags, indicating that this photo was taken at least before 2005; Another fact is that, according to the news of Tibet Business Daily in October, 2004, from October 13th, 2004, human tricycles in Lhasa will uniformly use blue, red and green curtains with Tibetan characteristics, while the color of the tricycle curtain in the picture is still blue, which shows that the photo can’t be taken after November, 2004.

　　　 这张被达赖集团拿来污蔑“中国军人假扮喇嘛挑起暴动”的照片，非但没有起任何效果，照片本身反而成了揭露达赖集团唯恐西藏不乱真面目的铁证，而达赖言之凿凿的新闻会又成了一场可笑的闹剧。

　　　 正如外交部发言人姜瑜31日就达赖称中国军人“假扮僧侣”一事答记者问时表示，达赖用道听途说的谣言无法改变事件真相，只能证明他心虚气短。 (环球时报?环球网 郝?石)

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