Focus on controlling the emission pollution of heavy diesel vehicles and off-road mobile machinery.
The Beijing Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment has publicized and interpreted the Regulations on Prevention and Control of Pollution from Motor Vehicles and Off-road Mobile Machinery (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) in an all-round way since its implementation in May last year. However, the author believes that it is still necessary to make a key interpretation of the Regulations and the provisions concerning automobile manufacturers and sellers.
Interpretation 1
Six specific measures for source prevention and control are clearly defined.
The "Regulations" adopt a "small incision" method to legislate, that is, under the framework of atmospheric law, on the basis of the existing "Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Beijing", summarize the experience and lessons of pollution prevention and control by motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery for many years, and compile the additional provisions for the pollution control of motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery, that is, the parts of motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery in the "Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Beijing" are still valid.
In 2020, the main air quality index PM2.5 in Beijing’s national assessment was 38 μ g/m3, exceeding the national standard by 8.5%, and the ozone concentration was 174 μ g/m3, exceeding the national standard by 8.8%.
By the end of 2020, the number of motor vehicles in Beijing has reached 6.57 million, including 240,000 heavy-duty diesel vehicles; There are 40,000 to 60,000 off-road power machinery, and the NOx emitted by motor vehicles and off-road power machinery is about 70,000 tons, accounting for about 80% of the city’s air pollutants, which is the primary pollution source, while the NOx emitted by heavy-duty diesel vehicles and off-road power machinery accounts for about 70% of this 70,000 tons, making it the first major polluter.
Therefore, the formulation of the "Regulations" mainly focuses on strengthening the pollution control of heavy-duty diesel vehicles and off-road mobile machinery. Source prevention and control is the top priority of pollution prevention and control from mobile sources, and it is also one of the most important contents of the Regulations.
Adjusting and optimizing road settings and transportation structure, increasing the promotion of new energy vehicles, strengthening the environmental management of newly produced vehicles and improving the quality of oil products are important means to prevent and control motor vehicle pollution emissions from the source. To this end, the "Regulations" clearly stipulates specific measures for prevention and control.
First, promote the use of energy-saving and environmental protection, new energy vehicles and off-road mobile machinery, and promote the construction of new energy supporting infrastructure. The second is to guide the establishment of the concept of urban green development, develop new energy and gradually reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. The third is to adjust and optimize the transportation structure, giving priority to railway transportation of bulk goods. Fourth, it is stipulated that transportation enterprises and non-road mobile machinery users should use vehicle fuels that meet the standards. Fifth, innovate technical means to strengthen the supervision of heavy vehicles, and clarify the installation and supervision requirements of remote emission management vehicle terminals for heavy diesel vehicles, heavy gas vehicles and off-road mobile machinery. The sixth is to refine and supplement the responsibilities of relevant enterprises and individuals in sales and use to ensure that engines and pollution control devices meet the standards stably.
Interpretation 2
It is necessary to make breakthroughs in heavy-duty new energy vehicles.
Article 7 of the Regulations stipulates that this Municipality shall take measures such as finance, taxation, government procurement and convenient transportation to promote the construction of new energy supporting infrastructure and promote the use of energy-saving and environment-friendly new energy motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery. The specific provisions on the convenience of new energy vehicles shall be jointly formulated by the municipal traffic, traffic management of public security organs and ecological environment departments.
The fourth item of Beijing’s three-year action plan for defending the blue sky from 2018 to 2020 proposes to vigorously promote the electrification of vehicles. By 2020, the number of new energy vehicles in the city will reach about 400,000. Organize relevant departments to study and formulate incentive policies for the right-of-way traffic and sustainable operation of new energy trucks, and promote the basic use of electric vehicles for newly added and updated vehicles such as public transport, rental, sanitation, postal services, commuting and light logistics distribution, and new energy vehicles for newly added or replaced working vehicles such as airports and railway freight yards.
By 2020, postal services, urban express delivery and light sanitation vehicles (below 4.5 tons) will basically be electric vehicles, and light logistics distribution vehicles (below 4.5 tons) that apply for truck passes will basically be electric vehicles, and public transport vehicles used in central urban areas and urban sub-centers will be electric vehicles.
When Beijing formulated its own three-year action plan, it did not consider continuing to develop clean energy vehicles because of nitrogen oxides and refueling problems of natural gas vehicles. In terms of heavy-duty new energy vehicles, limited by factors such as bearing capacity, driving range, reliability, charging convenience and cost, it is limited to the development of new energy buses and sanitation vehicles.
Restricted by the above factors, about half of the buses updated in Beijing in recent years have finally chosen extended-range hybrid vehicles, and most of the sanitation vehicles have chosen light electric vehicles.
Due to the progress in carrying capacity, driving range, reliability and charging convenience of light electric logistics vehicles, and the policy guidance of issuing daytime city passes to light electric logistics vehicles, the proportion of new energy vehicles (hazardous waste removal and cold chain vehicles) in licensed light electric logistics vehicles has increased from 4% in 2018 to 63% in 2019, and this proportion has reached 94.2% in the fourth quarter of 2020. It can be said that Beijing has made positive progress in light electric logistics vehicles.
Based on the experience of these three years, the Regulations require the vigorous development of new energy vehicles, especially the breakthrough development of heavy-duty new energy vehicles.
Interpretation 3
Vehicle terminals for remote emission management should be installed in the relevant motor vehicles for sale and use.
Articles 10 and 34 of the Regulations stipulate that the engines, pollution control devices, on-board emission diagnosis systems, remote emission management on-board terminals and other equipment and devices of motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery sold in this Municipality shall meet relevant environmental protection standards. Do not meet the standards, the municipal ecological environment department shall order the production enterprises to make corrections, confiscate the illegal income, and impose a fine of 1 ~ 3 times the value of motor vehicles and non-road mobile machinery. Heavy-duty diesel vehicles, heavy-duty gas vehicles and off-road mobile machinery sold in this Municipality shall be equipped with remote emission management vehicle terminals according to relevant environmental protection standards, and shall be networked with the municipal ecological environment department.
The emission limits and measurement methods for heavy-duty diesel vehicles (China Phase VI) (GB17691－2018) clearly states that the on-board emission diagnosis system (OBD) is a pollution control device, and it has the functions of monitoring the working conditions of the engine and emission control system, identifying possible fault areas and so on. When the vehicle emission exceeds the standard, the fault lamp or the warning lamp for checking the engine will light up, and the on-board emission diagnosis system will store the fault code. At present, heavy-duty diesel vehicles above the national emission standard IV have installed the system according to the requirements of the national emission standard.
Remote emission management vehicle terminal refers to the equipment used to collect, store and transmit vehicle on-board diagnostic system information and engine emission data, which can immediately grasp vehicle emission data and find out that it exceeds the standard, and is a new means of emission supervision. The sixth stage national emission control standard for heavy-duty diesel vehicles has required that newly produced vehicles should be equipped with remote emission management vehicle terminals that meet the requirements, and submit the data to the ecological and environmental departments. At the same time, the technical requirements of the terminals, including functional requirements, performance requirements, test methods, inspection rules, signs, transportation, storage and installation, are stipulated accordingly.
Beijing public transport and sanitation vehicles have implemented the above standards on July 1, 2019, and other heavy-duty diesel vehicles will be implemented on January 1, 2020. By the end of 2020, more than 80,000 heavy-duty vehicles in this city have installed remote emission management terminals.
Pollution control device refers to a device that controls or restricts the emission of atmospheric pollutants or evaporative pollutants. After-treatment devices such as DPF, DOC and SCR, which are usually installed on heavy-duty diesel vehicles, are all important components of pollution control devices.
Article 11 of the Regulations stipulates that heavy-duty diesel vehicles, heavy-duty gas vehicles and off-road mobile machinery registered in this Municipality, as well as heavy-duty diesel vehicles and heavy-duty gas vehicles from other places that have been driving within the administrative area of this Municipality for a long time, should be equipped with remote emission management vehicle terminals in accordance with regulations and networked with the municipal ecological environment department …
In April, 2020, Beijing issued the Measures for the Installation and Management of Vehicle Terminals for Remote Monitoring and Management of Motor Vehicles and Off-road Mobile Machinery in Beijing, requiring motor vehicle manufacturers and parts manufacturers to cooperate with the owners or users of national V heavy-duty motor vehicles to install vehicle terminals for remote monitoring and management of emissions within the specified time, in accordance with relevant requirements, and to connect with the remote monitoring and management platform of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment.
Article 12 of the Regulations stipulates that the owners, drivers or users of motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery in this Municipality shall ensure the normal use of the loaded pollution control devices, on-board emission diagnosis systems, remote emission management on-board terminals and other equipment and devices. No unit or individual may interfere with the function of the remote emission management system; The data stored, processed and transmitted in the remote emission management system shall not be deleted or modified without authorization.
Article 13 stipulates that if the municipal ecological environment department finds that more than 30% of the on-board emission diagnosis systems of the same type of motor vehicles or non-road mobile machinery registered in this city do not meet the relevant standards through the remote emission management system, it shall notify the production enterprises to find out the reasons within a time limit and eliminate the faults. The production enterprise shall submit the relevant information to the municipal ecological environment department.
At present, more than 80,000 heavy-duty vehicles in Beijing have installed remote emission management terminals, including 210 vehicle enterprises, 686 vehicles and 20 engine models. However, after the implementation of the Regulations, big data analysis shows that some enterprises have problems with their vehicles. Although it has not reached 30%, the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment has written to and interviewed enterprises to urge the vehicles produced by enterprises to meet the standards. If it exceeds 30%, it may be a production problem, and the investigation procedures of Articles 10 and 34 will be initiated.
Interpretation 4
Unified planning, unified standards, unified monitoring and unified prevention and control in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.
Articles 29 and 32 of the Regulations stipulate that the Municipal People’s Government shall establish a coordination mechanism for joint prevention and control of pollution emitted by motor vehicles and non-road mobile machinery in Tianjin, Hebei Province and surrounding areas, carry out joint prevention and control in accordance with the requirements of unified planning, unified standards, unified monitoring and unified prevention and control measures, and implement the target responsibility of air pollution prevention and control. This Municipality, Tianjin and Hebei Province have established a collaborative mechanism for sampling and checking new cars to supervise and inspect the emission of air pollutants from newly produced and sold motor vehicles and non-road mobile machinery.
Every year, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei carry out the analysis of in-use vehicle periodic emission inspection data, road inspection and road inspection and other monitoring sampling data, focusing on screening the models that have been reported and complained, the models with high emission exceeding standard rate in in-use vehicle periodic emission inspection and monitoring sampling, and the models with large registration data (ownership) and high annual mileage. In view of the above-mentioned models, we will formulate a work plan for spot checks of new cars, clarify the inspection of models and enterprises in the three places, avoid repeated inspections of models and enterprises, and improve the efficiency of law enforcement.
For illegal sales of vehicles with excessive emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the eco-environmental departments of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region form a joint investigation team, and the members of the investigation team take samples to collect evidence on the illegal sales of vehicles with excessive emissions in their respective jurisdictions. The random inspection of vehicles can be sent to a third-party laboratory or sent to the laboratory of the Motor Vehicle Emission Management Center of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment for testing.
The author Li Kunsheng is the second-class inspector of Beijing Ecological Environment Bureau and the director of motor vehicle emission management office.
(Editor: Yang Xiufeng)
Source: China Environment News
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