Generally, dynasties in history can maintain relatively abundant martial arts from the early days to the peak of their national strength, but in the Song Dynasty, the population accounted for 35% of the world and the GDP accounted for 75% of the world. From today’s point of view, it is a standard world power, but it seems that it still can’t compete with the Liao country in the north. What caused this rare situation in history?

Full-domain map of northern song dynasty

1. The right to release soldiers by drinking a glass of wine opened up the armed policy of the Song Dynasty, which was different from that of the previous generation.

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, the army could not defeat Liao, or it was impossible to defeat Liao after Zhao Kuangyin’s death. This is mainly because the Northern Song Dynasty and Liao State were fundamentally under two different systems. The difference in system determines the strength of their army.

The Liao army or the military organization of the Khitans did not fight against the Central Plains army until the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty. Not to mention the early tribal ambush in the Tang Dynasty, there were several records of Qidan troops going south to conquer the Central Plains in the Five Dynasties. In the confrontation with the five dynasties warlords at that time, both sides won and lost. However, the Liao army never occupied an absolute advantage, or gained a great advantage in a certain aspect. There is even an embarrassing record that after the warlord troops surrounded the five dynasties, they were rushed out of the position by their opponents and defeated the whole army.

2. In the Five Dynasties, the Khitans fought against the Central Plains Army.

However, it was also in the Five Dynasties that warlords or local military groups of our time all posed a great threat to centralization. Therefore, the political development of the Five Dynasties gradually developed from the initial late Tang model to the Northern Song model. Militarily, this development path is concentrated in the deployment of local elite soldiers to serve in the imperial army in the capital. The weakness of the border guards after the Northern Song Dynasty was the final result of this evolutionary route.

3. The areas that traditionally produced high-quality soldiers were not in the actual control area of Song Dynasty.

On the other hand, as several border regions with strong fighting in the Tang Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty basically didn’t touch any of them. In addition to occupying part of Hedong area, Youzhou and the whole Hetao are not under their actual control. These places are exactly the places that are the easiest to produce high-quality soldiers from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty. Because the local people have lived on the border between nomadic and farming culture for a long time, they are good at fighting and martial arts, and their folk customs are extremely tough. A large number of defectors from Central Asia and grasslands will also be stationed in the local area. These conditions are beyond the reach of mainland military sources.

The status of soldiers was suppressed to a very low level in Song Dynasty, and they were like slaves.

Since the military base is not good, and the military power and status of generals are not guaranteed, the army naturally cannot have good combat effectiveness. Even if it inherited the imperial army left by Zhao Kuangyin and the remaining Shatuo cavalry at that time, it would soon take the initiative to degenerate under this repressive system.

5. Liao country is also centralized, but it is more like the Federation.

On this basis, the Central Army of Liao State was established, including a large number of cavalry units and corresponding light cavalry forces. There are also many original Qidan aristocratic troops in the local area, which exist in the form of similar private armies. However, these private armies have never become subversive forces to overthrow the legalists, which is the advantage of the Liao federal system. Ordinary local soldiers are also feudal cavalry who depend on land for their livelihood. People with a certain status will have a small number of vassals. In battle, they will form a cavalry unit with the smallest unit.

6. Local autonomy provided Liao with a strong local army.

As for the local troops composed of other ethnic groups, including Han, Xi, Bohai, Mongolian and some Shatuo people, they all have their own infantry and cavalry organizations. The former may rely on cities and villages as units, while the latter may exist as units of cavalry or feudal leaders. When they faced Song Jun, they were often willing to play for Liao. In fact, it is also protecting its own way of life from being eroded by the more northern song dynasty.

These are the reasons why the Northern Song Dynasty could not defeat the Liao army in the founding of the People’s Republic of China. This reason is also accompanied by all the periods when the two dynasties coexisted, even when the Liao regime was wiped out by the Jin Jurchen.

With the arrival of this year’s Chengdu Auto Show, major car companies have begun to build momentum for their own heavy new cars. As the leader of the new force in car-making, Weilai ET5 mirror powder, a subsidiary of Weilai Automobile, appeared at this auto show. At present, a lot of information about this new car has been released. New carThe big lock order will be opened on September 9, and the first batch of new cars will be delivered on September 30.

What information did Weilai ET5 announce at this conference? Let me take a look:

Accelerate from zero to 4.0s,

The braking distance of 100 kilometers is 33.8m,

The standard battery pack has a capacity of 75kWh.

The cruising range is increased to 560 kilometers under CLTC working conditions; The long battery life is 100kWh and the battery life is 710 kilometers.

Standard: HRS shock absorber, suspension does not support FOTA upgrade, LCC lane center/ALC lighting lane change, HOD capacitance sensing steering wheel, and trailer set is added, and the delivery time is in December;

It can be seen that Weilai ET5 not only upgraded the integrated seat, but also improved the acceleration time of the vehicle. Now the new car only takes 4.0 seconds. The braking distance of 100 kilometers only needs 33.8 meters. In addition, the new car ET5 also comes standard with LCC lane centering and ALC automatic lane change.HRS shock absorber, HOD capacitive sensing steering wheel,New and "Huayang No.1" fragrances are available for selection, andAdd a trailer set. It is equipped withWeilai ET5, a trailer set, will not be delivered until December.

In terms of price, if it is purchased by BaaS battery rental scheme,thatBefore subsidy, the selling price is 258,000 yuan, of which the monthly battery fee for 75kWh models is 980 yuan, and that for 100kWh models is 1,480 yuan. If the vehicle is purchased, the price of the model with 75kWh battery before subsidy is 328,000 yuan, and that of 100kWh is 386,000 yuan.

Weilai ET5 adopts a hatchback roof design with smooth side lines, and the taillights with penetrating design are also popular at present. Unfortunately, the laser radar at the top of the vehicle is a bit abrupt. In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the new car are 4790mmx1960mmx1499mm respectively, and the wheelbase of the car is 2888 mm.

In the interior, the new car still continues the concept of "second living room" dominated by Weilai. Whether it’s invisible air outlet design, exquisite and neat instrument panel, intelligent frameless electric suction door, and the use of Clean+ environmental protection fabric materials, Weilai ET5 is still very powerful.

In terms of automatic driving, ET5 is equipped withWeilaiAutomatic driving technology NAD, atWeilaiWith the support of extrasensory system Aquila and supercomputing platform Adam, Weilai ET5 will gradually realize the point-to-point automatic driving experience in expressway, urban road, parking, power exchange and other scenes. In addition, the complete functionWeilaiThe NAD function of autonomous driving technology adopts the service subscription mode, that is, "monthly opening and monthly payment".

In the power configuration part, Weilai ET5 adopts the dual-motor four-wheel drive mode, in which the induction motor is 150kW and the rear permanent magnet motor is 210kW. The overall system power of the whole vehicle can reach 360kW and the maximum peak torque is 700 N m. In terms of battery life, under CLTC working conditions, the standard battery life model with 75kWh battery pack has a battery life of 560 kilometers, and the long battery life model with 100kWh battery pack has a battery life of 710 kilometers.

Autumn and winter are coming, the climate is unstable, and it is time for sensitive muscle pain.

In daily life, excessive cleaning will be sensitive, and brush acid will also be sensitive if she is excessive, and sometimes she is sensitive even though she has done nothing.

In addition to repairing the skin wall (barrier), the nursing of sensitive muscles should also put out (suppress) the small fires (inflammatory factors) in the wall from time to time, otherwise, when the small fires become a prairie fire, it will cause thousands of miles of bare land (such as pigmentation and other problems).

Recently, there is an ingredient that is particularly hot-olive leaf extract, which claims to be a soothing and repairing "ceiling". What is the actual effect behind it? How can we choose so many related products? Today, I will take you through an article.

01

What is an olive?

First of all, let’s look at the olive leaf extract, which is actually not the same thing as the olive we eat every day, but the olive (Olea europaea) growing in the Mediterranean region, a famous subtropical fruit tree, which is a long-lived tree.

　

At present, olive leaf extract mainly has the following functions:

1 Soothes & reduces redness:

According to the data of Hallstar, a well-known raw material supplier, we can see that although it is inferior to dexamethasone (a synthetic corticosteroid), it also has a good inhibitory effect on the expression of IL-1α.

　

At the same time, from the data given by the supplier, we can see that 1% olive extract can improve the redness and oil secretion of acne muscle in 7 days, so the title of acne muscle mother is not random.

2 anti-oxidation:

Olive leaf extract contains high content of oleuropein (3%-18%), and oleuropein has been proved to have good antioxidant effect by many experiments. However, it should be noted that compared with the preventive effect (applied before being irradiated by ultraviolet rays), it has a better soothing effect (applied after being irradiated by ultraviolet rays).

Nowadays, many people are looking for a milder substitute for C (antioxidant) in morning C and evening A. Olive leaf extract here is not a good substitute, but it is a good hand when used for after-sun repair.

3. Repair:

This is actually the unknown killer of olive leaf extract, which can not only resist oxidation, but also promote PPAR up-regulation.

PPAR is a signal molecule, which is related to the synthesis of lipids and even collagen, thus increasing collagen IV (the main component of basement membrane) and repairing the inner wall of skin (basement membrane).

Of course, the repair of sensitive muscles should not only take care of the inner wall (basement membrane), but also the outer wall (stratum corneum), such as using products containing ceramide and squalane.

02

How to choose products?

There are many products containing olive leaf extract in the market. How to choose? Let’s talk about it one by one:

Although everyone adds olive leaf extract, their family has its own patent, which is mainly aimed at a series of optimization of the active substance of oleuropein mentioned above. After optimization, the oleuropein component in the raw materials can be stabilized at around 6-10%.

The dosage of the formula reached 10%, much higher than the 1% suggested by the raw material supplier, which may be the reason why it works so well. In addition, the formula also added zinc gluconate for oil control and a small amount of arbutin for whitening.

On the whole, this product is a good choice except that it is expensive and suitable for relieving acne muscles or for fear of causing post-inflammatory pigmentation after using heavy drugs.

　

CSS, an olive gel, is known as a flat version of Ou Ma. Although the core ingredient is not Omaqiang, the olive leaf extract is directly dried to 19%.

At the same time, Centella asiatica and various peptides are added, which will be more suitable for the soothing use of anti-aging people in general. For example, it is a good choice to form cp with alcohol A.

　

Yan Yan’s anti-oxygen mada combines soothing and anti-oxidation.

3% ethyl VC+ powder ergothionine (antioxidant devil) forms a circulating antioxidant effect in the epidermis, and you don’t have to worry about skin oxidation and dullness all day;

The callus extract and mosaic extract of Leontopodium alpinum are also added, which are rich in edelic acid and increase the anti-aging function in the direction of strengthening anti-oxidation; Under the action of olive leaf extract, this multi-channel antioxidant combination has become extremely gentle, and it has become a star anti-oxidation and brightening item that sensitive muscles can also use happily.

　

Mainly 3% tranexamic acid +2% olive leaf extract +1% rhamnose, on the whole, it will be more suitable for dealing with red acne marks, because tranexamic acid itself has a good repair effect, and it is a whitening raw material that Japan likes to use.

This small green bottle of Baizhu Extract is known as colorless and plain, which tastes like a cocktail formula. Anyway, this bottle has all the common soothing ingredients, including chamomile extract, β-glucan, olive leaf extract, etc., and it also adds PCA zinc, which is more suitable for soothing oil skin.

Ok, that’s all for today. What else do you want to dig into? Please leave a message in the comments section ~

References:

[1] Perugini P, Vettor M, Rona C, et al. Efficacy of oleuropein against UVB irradiation: preliminary evaluation[J]. International journal of cosmetic science, 2008, 30(2): 113-120.

[2] Majewski G P, Singh S, Bojanowski K. Olive leaf-derived PPAR agonist complex induces collagen IV synthesis in human skin models[J]. 2021.

[3] Kimura Y, Sumiyoshi M. Olive leaf extract and its main component oleuropein prevent chronic ultraviolet B radiation-induced skin damage and carcinogenesis in ha irless mice[J]. The journal of nutrition, 2009, 139(11): 2079-2086.

[4] Wanitphakdeedecha R, Ng J N C, Junsuwan N, et al. Efficacy of olive leaf extract–containing cream for facial rejuvenation: A pilot study[J]. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2020, 19(7): 1662-1666.

　

Graphic design: Wild Horse/Editor: cindy

Review: Yan ‘antang Research Institute

Some pictures come from the Internet.

This article was originally written by Yan Antang’s content team.

Support originality, plagiarism is shameful, please contact me for reprinting.

Mr. Weng Weijian is a professor at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and a famous health care expert. Anyone who meets Professor Weng himself is moved by his special temperament. At the age of 83, his body is tough and his skin is delicate, which is completely unlike an old man. Mr. Weng founded the first Chinese medicine nutrition specialty in China before his death, and made outstanding contributions in many fields such as Chinese medicine teaching, scientific research, diet therapy, health preservation and rehabilitation. The theory and method of health preservation advocated and practiced by him are precious wealth for future generations.

Professor Weng said that the purpose of TCM nutrition and health care is not just to treat diseases and prevent diseases. From a deeper level, it is to use natural diet to keep the human body in the best or even extraordinary state. He believes that the two characteristics of food performance, tonic and diarrhea, can best reflect the theme of TCM nutrition. He said that food supplements replenish qi, nourish blood and replenish essence; Diarrhea can relieve exterior syndrome, fire and poison. He developed thousands of recipes for China health food (longevity diet) and medical health food (medicated diet). Mr. Weng’s medicated diet is not a food containing drugs, but a natural food containing drugs, which is harmless to human body. Medicine and food should be eaten together. In his view, only color, taste, fragrance and shape are not comprehensive, and "quality" should be added. This quality is rich in nutrition and has a health care effect.

Professor Weng Weijian has been engaged in health care for 20 years, and summed up a set of health care experience from "eating, pulling, sleeping, urinating and walking": "If you want to live longer, your stomach will be clear; Don’t be partial to food, don’t blame food, and eat omnivores. " To eat miscellaneous food, eat at least 30 kinds of various foods every day, and eat breakfast seriously; Have enough stool every day, preferably twice. For this reason, eat more fiber-rich food and drink more boiled water, and drink at least 8 cups of boiled water in ordinary water cups every day. Old people go to bed early and get up early, and their sleep time is sporadic. They should let nature take its course, and they can sleep at any time when they are sleepy. Bite your teeth tightly at the moment of urination and don’t make any noise, which can make your teeth strong. As long as you persist for a long time, the troubles such as poor urination will be alleviated or even disappeared; People are old before their feet, and there are more than 20 acupuncture points on the soles of their feet. It is a good way to keep stimulating and walk for one hour every day. No matter what the season is, we should insist on scalding our feet with hot water for 15 minutes before going to bed. One or two Chinese medicinal rhubarb can be broken, wrapped in gauze, boiled for 15 minutes, and then washed with this water, which has the functions of diminishing inflammation, sterilizing, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.

He also said: it is better to keep in good health sooner than later. Health preservation is not a science of providing for the aged. People’s aging has already begun before the arrival of old age, and health and longevity activities should be carried out in many aspects of life as soon as possible.