[Editor’s Note] This interview was conducted in Seoul on August 24th, 2015. The interviewer was Professor Takahiro Nakajima of the Center for Philosophy Research of the University of Tokyo, Japan, and the interviewee was Professor Bai Yongrui of Yonsei University, South Korea, with Jin Hang as the translator. The original title of this article is "Giving Vitality to the Gap: An Interview with Bai Yongrui", which was signed by the author as "Conversation between Nakajima Takabo and Lu Chan" and published in Thought magazine (published by Lianjing Publishing Company on December 14, 2017). Reprinted by The Paper with authorization. The original interview was 20,000 words long, and here are some excerpts. There are notes in the original text, which are omitted here.

I. Born in Incheon shortly after the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement.

Nakajima Takahiro:When planning this dialogue, two texts came to my mind. One is a dialogue between Emmanuel Lévinas and Philip Nemo. This was originally an interview in a radio program, and later it was compiled into a book called Ethics and Infinity. This book is very good. Levinas talks about his philosophy in it, and there are some things that he may not put into writing. On the question "What kind of philosophy is Levinas’ philosophy?", he expounded it in his own words, which is very simple and easy to understand. I want to use this as a model to talk to you today. The dialogue between Levinas and Nemo began with the former’s childhood memories, and another text that came to my mind happened to be walter benjamin’s Childhood in Berlin around 1900. Today, I want to start a dialogue with these two texts as examples. First of all, please ask Professor Bai to recall his childhood and let everyone know the story of Bai Yongrui (= history).

Benjamin said in the book: "The picture of my urban childhood may be able to shape the future historical experience in advance." He listed his unique historical view and some corresponding childhood impressions. Excuse me, what is Professor Bai’s impression of his childhood?

Bai Yongrui:First of all, I would like to thank Professor Nakajima for coming to Seoul. Among the questions received in advance, it was written that "personal issues do not involve privacy issues". I think you indicated this article with reference to Benjamin and Levinas. This inspired me and looked back on my childhood.

First of all, I want to emphasize one point. I was born in August 1953, shortly after the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement (July 1953). My parents were born in Huanghai Road, North Korea, and moved to the south across the 38th parallel, which is called "Vietnam" in Korean, so my parents are both "Vietnamese citizens". This kind of birth and experience formed my first impression of childhood.

Incheon, like Yokohama in Japan, is also a seaport city that opened to the outside world very early. I was born in the slums of this city. Although he was born in a slum, he was not a poor family. My father is a primary school teacher, so our family is a rich class in the slums. I have been very sensitive to the "difference" between the poverty around me and my living conditions since I was a child. I am not only insensitive to the gap between the rich and the poor around me and the differences between myself, but also worried about poverty and the gap between the rich and the poor although I was a child.

My sensitivity to the gap between the rich and the poor probably stems from two influences. One is Christianity. My mother is a Christian. Under her influence, I learned to understand and face the gap between the rich and the poor. The other is family reasons, and parents are not in harmony. As a "Vietnamese citizen", there are often disputes at home. Mothers are sometimes treated violently by their fathers, which is a domestic violence. I have been thinking about "why do we live in such a violent environment" since a long time ago, and I feel the same for my mother. Because of this experience, I have a certain feminine sensibility inside. In short, one is the influence of Christianity; The second is thinking about the abused vulnerable groups such as women, that is, the minority groups in society. Since then, I have developed a perceptual knowledge of the weak and the poor in my body.

When I was young, I spent more time reading and writing at home than playing with my friends next door. Later, these became my interests and I spent most of my time on books. Maybe I have a little talent. My composition often wins prizes after school. In junior high school and senior high school, I participated in literary and art activity groups. When I was in college, I wanted to study literature, especially Chinese literature. However, they are opposed by their parents. They think that "learning literature and being poor all their lives" should be studied in law or philosophy. Finally, I made a compromise and chose history.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Recently, I just read Xian Xixian’s Till Death, and found that Christianity had an extremely important influence in South Korea in the second half of the 20th century. As a Christian, your mother should often be exposed to poverty.

Bai Yongrui:Christianity has played many roles in Korea. Especially in improving the status of women, this has become a religious and social phenomenon. After being hurt by her father, my mother may have found solace in the church. Until now, the church still has the function of spiritual healing. From the perspective of Christianity improving women’s status, my mother has no formal education, but learned Korean and parenting knowledge in church, and was exposed to society and culture.

My mother was deeply influenced by the church, and I was deeply influenced by my mother. However, in the process of my growth, this influence has become a huge burden in terms of emotion and sensibility. Give an impressive example. In my junior year, I was arrested and imprisoned for participating in the student movement. It was a winter, and when I thought that my son was in prison for the winter, my mother didn’t use the heating all winter. This is "maternal love and burden go hand in hand". In addition, through the communication with the parents of those students’ sports companions, the mother also joined the democratization movement. Under the influence of Christian spirit, the mother gradually regarded the love for her son and the democratization movement as one. I witnessed the changes in my mother with my own eyes and was surprised that a person could change like this. This is a very deep impression on my mother.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:I once asked the Koreans in Japan and South Korea. It is said that the problem of domestic violence among Koreans in Japan and South Korea was once very serious. Later some young people criticized this. Those who were familiar with the situation at that time could not give a reasonable explanation even if they were condemned. Of course, the same problem exists in Japanese society, and many families have experienced violence. From this, I thought that those war wounds that are everywhere may be vented in the form of "domestic violence". This is not only a matter of Professor Bai’s family, but also a common problem in East Asia.

If you are not afraid of misunderstanding, isn’t it because of the influence of childhood environment that Professor Bai has paid attention to minority groups? However, unlike you, more people choose to solve the problem through male or paternalistic violence.

I think that "minorities" are often associated with some kind of "fairness = fairness". Professor Bai once wrote that the antonym of forgetting is not memory but justice. That’s true. But besides "justice", I deeply feel that there is fairness in it. After listening to Professor Bai’s words just now, I think it is precisely because of your childhood impression of your mother.

Bai Yongrui:As Professor Nakajima said, the transformation of war trauma into domestic violence is not only a problem for our family, but also a common phenomenon throughout East Asia. We abandoned our wealth and took refuge from the Yellow Sea Road in North Korea. As "Vietnamese citizens", our lives were hard. Trauma is manifested as the violence of interpersonal relationship.

I witnessed my mother’s misfortune, and thus I became concerned about the minority. This is concern for the mother or the weak. But at the same time, there is also an important reason for his father’s misfortune, or that his life should be like this. The concern for minorities or feminism is not limited to the concern for the weak, but also the concern for interpersonal relationships and people themselves. In violent relationships, people themselves are devastated. I have a deep understanding of this since I was a child.

Looking back on the past, men in adolescence will have the illusion and desire to show their masculinity. But I am small, even if I want to be such a man, it is unrealistic. Because of this, I began to think about my body. This may be an opportunity for me to understand women later. Recently, I began to use the expression "female element in myself". Childhood memories leave not only rational perception, but also physical memory.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:In Professor Bai’s thesis, there have been many expressions about body feeling. But this kind of physical feeling keeps a certain distance from the thought, which is impressive. Although the dialogue will be mentioned again later, now I want to say that the part based on physical feeling is an important element in the "universality" that Professor Bai thinks about. It seems that there has always been a strong physical feeling in your article.

Bai Yongrui:Thank you, Professor Nakajima, for reading my article. But as far as I’m concerned, I didn’t realize that I would resort to words for my physical feelings. It should be said that this is my future topic.

Professor Bai Yongrui

Second, the crisis of reading life and peace

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Next, let’s change the topic. Please ask Professor Bai to talk about his childhood study life. Levinas mentioned in his dialogue with Nemo that he read Russian literature when he was a child. Levinas said that although he did not need to regard himself as a Russian national, he still read Russian literature. What books did you read when you were a child?

Bai Yongrui:When I was in primary school, I read the world famous books published for boys and girls. After entering middle school, I read the complete works of world literature. But I didn’t limit myself to reading a certain country’s literary works like Levinas did.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Are there any works that are particularly impressive?

Bai Yongrui:What impressed me most was a reading experience in Grade Two or Grade Three. Living in a slum, only the priest can study together. We read History and Eschatology by Rudolf Karl Bultmann. This is a book about theology. After reading it, I became interested in such questions as "What is the power to push history forward", "Some law to control history" and "What is faith". Just now, I said that my choice of history was the result of compromise with my parents. To tell the truth, I didn’t really accept it myself, but in retrospect, maybe it has something to do with that reading experience.

At that time, the history department of Seoul National University was divided into Korean history, oriental history and western history. I chose Oriental History without hesitation. One of the reasons is that I am very interested in how Bultmann’s historical philosophy, historical laws and historical forces reflect these problems in East Asia.

Another reason is the situation at that time. In 1971, Sino-US relations began to ease. The relaxation policy is spreading, and people’s attention to China is increasing. Influenced by this, I chose Oriental History.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:I think many people have had this experience, and in the process of growing up, there was some kind of identity crisis. Some people have survived this crisis, while others have not. What kind of junior and senior high school life did Professor Bai experience before he went to college? Is it calm or full of crisis?

Bai Yongrui:I have hardly experienced an identity crisis (laughs). My junior high school and senior high school are famous local schools, and I have been the president of the student union, and the activities of the literary and art activity group are also very smooth. It can be said that as a good student, I live a model life.

However, I experienced a big crisis in my freshman year. At that time, the principal graduated from Hiroshima Normal School and was an anarchist comparable to Xian Xixian. He insisted on his own idea and changed all school exams to unsupervised. An English quiz in Grade One of Senior High School was not as formal as the mid-term or final exam. I cheated. After being discovered by the English teacher, I was not only punished by corporal punishment, but also taken to the office for one day. For me as a model student, this incident has become a huge trauma.

For a period of time after that, I didn’t want to go to school, and I was not interested in anything. I began to learn and try to master French, which became an opportunity to make up for the trauma. Although it was a kind of self-satisfaction, it did help me through the difficulties.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Why study French?

Bai Yongrui:After the recovery of Korea, German was the second foreign language. In my freshman year, I could choose French besides German. I am not interested in law, but I am interested in literature, history, philosophy and French literature, so I naturally choose French. Maybe the aversion to law is too strong.

The experience of cheating in the exam in senior one and the experience of being imprisoned for participating in the student movement just now made me understand how fragile and precarious the "peace" created around me is under external forces.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Benjamin’s Childhood in Berlin around 1900 also gives people a premonition that the unique calm state of childhood will be broken. Perhaps everyone will find out after adulthood that if it is not created by themselves, in the words of Professor Bai, it is the "peace" generated by their own judgment, then it will not be realized. Professor Bai experienced this in high school, didn’t he?

Bai Yongrui:I thought I created peace through my own feelings, but in fact, it was not through my own internal judgment, but based on the surrounding environment or the judgment of adults and schools. They think you are excellent, so I cooperate with external judgment to create a kind of peace. This is not the peace created by your own judgment. That "crisis" also gave me a chance to reflect on how fragile the so-called "model" is.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Have you participated in student sports since high school?

Bai Yongrui:In high school, I was not interested in student sports. I mentioned Bultmann just now. Actually, I was interested in historical philosophy at that time. However, after entering the university classroom, I found that there is no philosophy of history, but all courses are positivism. This may be influenced by Imperial University of Japan, and teachers have been discussing how to demonstrate historical facts. As a result, I gradually lost my interest in learning and couldn’t read well. Fortunately, students take part in the study meeting on their own-called "society" in Korea, which is similar to an ideological interest group-where they can learn about historical philosophy. In other words, we can discuss such issues as "What are the laws of history and the forces that push history forward", "What is the structure of capitalism" and "Who is the subject of history", and share various experiences with contemporary students.

Benjamin’s Humpty Dumpty: Childhood in Berlin Around 1900

Third, student sports and "learning as sports"

Bai Yongrui:After I went to college, I became interested in the structural problems of Korean society and joined a group aimed at cultivating social activists. Although the ideological interest group I joined had some connection with the student movement, what was more urgent at that time was the "October Reform" incident in Korea in October 1972. That is, President park chung-hee will change the constitution to realize the lifelong presidential system. Revise the constitution, formulate the "Reform Constitution" and move towards dictatorship. This happened in my freshman year. I went to school that morning, and the chariot was parked in front of the gate. The soldiers took control of the gate and drove the students out of the campus. Then, the university entered a state of long-term suspension. People can’t vote for the president directly, which runs counter to the democracy I learned in middle school and university. I can’t forgive the government’s behavior. This has also become an opportunity for me to directly participate in the student movement. The discussion about history study mentioned just now, for me, the influence from the ideological interest group far exceeds the formal university classroom, and its influence has continued to this day. As my own view of learning, I practice "learning as a sport". This is also directly related to the current research.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:I want to confirm the date. President park chung-hee promulgated the National Education Charter in 1968. At that time, Professor Bai was still a high school student, right?

Bai Yongrui:Grade three.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Professor Bai just mentioned that when you go to school, you can choose French as a second foreign language besides German. Is this a system reform because of the promulgation of the National Education Charter?

Bai Yongrui:There may be other reasons for adding two foreign languages. The important educational reform in 1968 was the beginning of military training in schools.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Dictatorships and similar regimes are bound to intervene in education and try to change it. The park chung-hee regime has completely intervened and changed this. You entered the university in March 1972, and the university was blocked six months later. How long did this blockade last?

Bai Yongrui:Five months.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:What happened in the meantime?

Bai Yongrui:Let’s talk about how the Reform Constitution elected the president. First of all, the "National Assembly of the Unified Subject" was established as the appointed body of sovereignty, and the president was indirectly elected through this meeting. Shortly after the October Reform, a meeting was held to elect a president. After that, various systems were improved by issuing presidential decrees. These things happened during the five months when the university was blocked. The regime established in the "Reform coup" became an orthodox regime, during which universities were closed. An exam was held in February, and the term ended.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima: You just said that when Nixon visited China in 1972, China and the United States started dialogue, and the situation in East Asia, including Japan, changed dramatically. As a history student, you should have thought a lot at that time, right?

Bai Yongrui:Let me explain the characteristics of the student movement at that time. The student movement at that time was not so much a political movement to change the system or play a certain political role as a large-scale cultural movement. Recently, some American scholars suggested that the student movement in South Korea in 1970s and 1980s created a "Counter Public Sphere". Let’s not talk about whether we should use this term, but our goal at that time was to build a popular national culture as an alternative to the orthodox culture of nationalism. Participating in the construction of alternative culture is the common value of activists. The main reason why the student movement can last until the 1980s is not only that it is a political movement, but also that it wants to create alternative culture in all fields of social life, and this conceit is the spirit of the student movement.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Since the beginning of the increasingly powerful reform system, you have spent this time as a college student.

Bai Yongrui:In April 1974, a large-scale demonstration took place in South Korea. This is a national parade led by college students. The authorities announced that the "All-China Federation of Democratic Young Students" led the March and attempted to create civil strife. They arrested the student leaders, and I was one of them. The All-China Federation of Democratic Young Students is referred to as the "Youth League". In fact, the Youth League of China is not a systematic organization. However, the authorities believe that this is an organization instructed by North Korea to act in a unified manner in an attempt to launch civil strife. I don’t have any officially appointed position, just a parade liaison in Seoul National University.

In the end, I was arrested as one of the masterminds of the civil strife. That parade happened just during the emergency measures taken according to the Reform Constitution, and the whole trial turned into a military trial. I was sentenced to seven years in prison and expelled from the university. At that time, the newspaper reported the Youth League as a criminal organization and attached a grass-roots organization chart. I’m in there, too. They said that behind this "criminal organization" was an organization called the People’s Revolutionary Party, in which spies instructed by North Korea attempted to launch a revolution, including Japanese independent journalists. In fact, the "People’s Revolutionary Party Incident" is part of a large-scale civil strife conspiracy fabricated incident. Later, when Roh Moo-hyun was in power, the case was retried. The court ruled that this was a fabricated event without any factual basis. In 2013, I was acquitted in the final trial, and seven years’ imprisonment was invalid. I was officially rehabilitated.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:It took nearly forty years.

Bai Yongrui:If you look at my resume, you will find that I seem to have studied in college for nearly nine years. In fact, from 1974 to the end of 1979, I was counted as a "student without citizenship". After the death of President park chung-hee, I was able to resume my studies in March 1980 and then graduated.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Before, I went to Jeju with Professor Bai. The "Jeju Island April 3rd Incident" in 1948 was also considered to have North Korea behind the scenes, and many people were killed. Such fabrications keep happening. Just now, you said that there were Japanese independent journalists in the People’s Revolutionary Party incident. What was the connection between the student movements in Korea and Japan at that time?

Bai Yongrui:I don’t think there is a direct connection between the two. Although Japanese and Koreans can bring Japanese books when they study in Korea, it is by no means easy and can easily be regarded as spies. Due to the situation at that time, everyone could not keep in touch with the outside world. After reading the works of the famous brothers Xu Sheng and Xu Jingzhi, you will know that it was a difficult time.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:The reason why I asked the question just now is because the student movement in Japan was at the end in 1983 when I entered the university, and everyone received a lot of news about the Korean student movement. Therefore, in my impression, students who participated in the Japanese student movement also participated in the Korean student movement, and there is a connection between the student movements in Japan and South Korea. But you just said that it would be regarded as a spy, which seems very difficult!

Fourth, reading life in prison

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:What books did you read in prison? What thoughts have you made?

Bai Yongrui:Although he was sentenced to seven years, the actual detention period was ten months and fifteen days. When I was in prison, my mother took part in the democratization movement. At that time, the democratization movement of the whole society was in full swing. The authorities were forced to make concessions and suspended my sentence. He was released from prison in February 1975. Although I stopped serving my sentence, I was not acquitted, so I could not return to school. Just like parole, you can’t go back to college, and you can’t walk around at will.

There are two books that are very important to my prison life. One is Taijun Takeda’s Sima Qian. After reading this book, I was deeply moved by Sima Qian’s spirit of writing history in a difficult situation. When I read that he was still recording history in prison after being tortured, I couldn’t help crying.

Another book is Li Yongxi’s The Theory of Changing Times, which is the fourth in a series of new books published by the Creation and Criticism Society. This book was lent to me by my cellmate Lee Hae Chan, who later became the prime minister of Roh Moo-hyun’s government. When he lent me a book, he said that after reading this book, you will have a new understanding of the China Revolution and the Vietnam War. Therefore, I take it for granted that this is a Japanese book, and I never thought that there would be such works in Korean books. I secretly got it in prison and found that it was actually a Korean book. There are new ideas about the "Cultural Revolution" in the book, and there are many new understandings of the history of China, including the "Cultural Revolution", which deeply shocked me after reading it. This book has refreshed my understanding of the history of China. It was not the class at Seoul National University that prompted me to revisit the study of China’s history, but the book The Theory of Changing Times that I read in prison.

Except me, all young Koreans in the 1970s were deeply influenced by this book. Including the late President Roh Moo-hyun, this book had an absolute influence on the young people at that time, so Li Yongxi was called "the mentor of the times". From the present point of view, you will feel that he is over-beautifying the "Cultural Revolution" and the Vietnam War. But at that time, during the period of capitalist development after rapid economic growth, various problems emerged in Korean society. This book provided us with a mirror to reflect on reality and understand ourselves. This is the meaning of this book. In short, The Theory of Changing Times is like putting a mirror outside us, so that everyone can reflect on themselves. In this sense, this book, as a weapon to criticize Korean society, has achieved remarkable results. Even now, we should acknowledge its value.

Li Yongxi later wrote Idol and Reason. This title simply and clearly summarizes the mental state of Korean society at that time. ……

In the situation in East Asia at that time, the atmosphere of reconciliation and relaxation policies between China and the United States swept across the country. In such an international situation, the key word "transformation" was generally accepted by Korean society at that time. If we regard this era as an era of transformation, we need new theories that conform to this era. Idol and Reason is a work that meets this requirement. Therefore, Li Yongxi’s works were accepted by many young people at that time.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:This is "learning as a sport".

Bai Yongrui’s Thoughts of East Asia

V. Changing society through language

Bai Yongrui:After I got out of prison, I was in a state of nothing to do. Criminal police often followed, and the general environment at that time was that the participants in the student movement either engaged in political activities in the wild, or worked in factories under cover, and then formed trade unions to carry out labor movements. These are the ways for people who are interested in the revolutionary movement, but I can’t do it. Later, I became an editor in a publishing house. This publishing house is the "Creation and Criticism Society" that is still related to me (its name was changed to "Chuangpi" in 2003).

Shortly after I got out of prison, I visited teacher Li Yongxi’s home. I admire Teacher Li very much. We read and discussed together, from literature to the revolutionary history of China. At the same time, as an editor, I work with books. Because of some trauma in my mind, or some feeling I have had since childhood, and I like reading and writing, I began to realize that it is my duty to change society through language through editing this job.

Of course, the reason why I think of changing society through language is also related to my personal habits and growing experience. But the most important thing is that I do feel the reform power of language. What impressed me the most was after returning to the university campus in the spring of 1980. At that time, the university wall was covered with posters, on which students quoted Mr. Li Yongxi’s words and extracted sentences from books and magazines published by my creative and critical society, showing the demand for social change. Seeing this, I deeply feel the power of language and how important it is to elaborate ideas.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:You can feel the vitality of language by quoting the ideas in the books of Teacher Li Yongxi and the Creation and Criticism Society. When I was in college, there were also vertical billboards and posters on campus, but the words on them made people feel old and lifeless. I passed the end of the student movement in Japan, which was completely different from Professor Bai’s experience.

After resuming your studies, you graduated from undergraduate course in August 1981. In March of the following year, I entered the Graduate School of Tankook University (Korean schools graduated in August and entered in March). At that time, many partners who participated in the student movement and colleagues in the creative and critical society were outside the university campus. Who did you mainly act with?

Bai Yongrui:First of all, Lee Hae Chan mentioned just now, and Jin Zhihe, a poet who served his sentence together. Immediately after I got out of prison, I went to see Mr. Li Yongxi and studied the revolutionary history of China with him. Jin Zhihe told me that you shouldn’t be a political athlete or a labor athlete, you should be a scholar. He also said that Teacher Li Yongxi viewed the China issue from a journalist’s point of view. As a scholar, you can study the history of China as an ideological issue or a historical issue, which is exactly what you need now, and this is also your duty.

Six, from the history centered on human history to social humanities.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Just talking about Taijun Takeda’s Sima Qian, China’s historiography pays attention to exploring the changes of the times and its reasons, which is different from the emphasis of modern historiography. The history you want to learn from Mr. Li Yongxi is about the historical structure of the China Revolution, but it seems to be a combination of traditional China historiography and modern historiography to discuss how this structure came into being and how it changed.

Bai Yongrui:Professor Nakajima’s comments are very interesting. So far, I haven’t thought deeply about this problem. Now I can explain my thoughts.

Modern historiography expounds history with the system and structure as the center, but China’s viewpoints and narratives focus on people. I think we should find a narrative way that can transcend these two historiography. Therefore, we should focus on "people" first. However, this does not refer to a famous person or related historical stories of China, let alone modern historiography which focuses on system and structure. What I am concerned about is not the "people" themselves, but the relationship between those who live in the system and the structure. This is "history centered on human history". I wonder if I answered your question just now. How to develop history centered on human history is my current research topic.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:There are also historians like Naito Hunan. Naito’s stories are large in scale, which makes people understand the reasons for the rise and fall of traditional China’s rebellion, but in the end, it encourages the contempt for China at that time. Naito tried to combine the discussion of system and structure in modern historiography with China’s traditional historical narrative in some way, but eventually he lost his critical consciousness of the Japanese status quo.

Compared with Naito’s practice, Professor Bai wants to develop the two methods as two intersecting lines, which is exactly the opposite. In other words, your approach is neither to focus on the characters in China’s rebellion, nor to focus on the system and structure but make the characters disappear from history, as in modern western historiography. Therefore, Professor Bai’s article not only pays attention to human history, making it appear repeatedly, but also has a critical consciousness of the present situation.

Bai Yongrui:I am very grateful to Professor Nakajima for evaluating my research work from that perspective. You said that my research method is completely opposite to that of Naito Hunan, and I was really scared. In any case, Professor Nakajima did point out the direction of future historical research with a novel point of view.

No matter what changes and twists and turns occur in history, history must focus on human history. For me, this is the most important thing. The reason why I regard human history as the main content of historical research is not only because I have paid attention to literature since I was a child, but also because of my later creative activities in the quarterly journal of literary politics, Creation and Criticism, and the Creation and Criticism Society. Creation and Criticism is a comprehensive magazine that involves and intervenes in social movements and the current situation. It has exercised my sensitivity as an editor and a reporter. Later, how to construct and expound the history centered on human history became my main research topic. From this point of view, the crisis of "history as a system" and "history as an academic" is precisely a result of these historical studies ignoring human history. Therefore, in order to get rid of the "institutional" history that caused this crisis and result, I have always emphasized "history as empathy".

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:I’d like to ask Professor Bai again about the relationship between "academic" history. Excuse me, what was written in the graduation thesis of this master’s period?

Bai Yongrui:The undergraduate thesis is about Liang Shuming’s rural construction movement. My master’s thesis originally wanted to write about the May 4th Movement or the Communist Movement, but Mr. Min Douji suggested that, based on your experience, if you do research on the Communist Movement or Radicalism, it is not conducive to finding a job in the university in the future. On the contrary, you should study the Kuomintang movement, which is considered a "reactionary" even in China. Therefore, the master’s thesis wrote Zhu Zhixin, the left wing of the Kuomintang.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:I see. My master’s thesis was written by Zhu Zhixin, and later I did research on Dai Jitao who put forward the theory of national revolution.

Bai Yongrui:Zhu Zhixin was also one of the propagandists of Marxism, so he was studied in his master’s thesis. As for Dai Jitao, Japanese Sun Wen Studies introduced my Dai Jitao studies.

Photo taken on Dai Jitao’s rickshaw (taken in Tokyo in 1916). At the top left of the photo, it says "When I went to greet before the 5 th anniversary of the Republic of China". Hidden in the Meiwu Zhuangji Reference Room.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Have you been studying with Mr. Min Douji since you were an undergraduate at Seoul National University?

Bai Yongrui:Teacher Min Douji’s influence on me only became greater after the 1980s.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:I see. I thought you and Mr. Min Douji knew each other for a long time.

Bai Yongrui:After I got out of prison, I went back to the university campus first. After entering the graduate school, I entered the door of teacher Min Douji.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:When you first entered Seoul National University, wasn’t Mr. Min Douji there?

Bai Yongrui:When I entered school, Mr. Min Douji was already a teacher at Seoul National University, but he went to Germany for academic leave. Moreover, I have only taken one class, and there is no intersection with Mr. Min.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Just now you mentioned that positivism prevailed in the history department, and Mr. Min Douji was not one of them.

Bai Yongrui:In fact, there was another thing that happened. When I submitted my application for admission to the Graduate School of Seoul National University, I was told that I was not qualified for admission. At that time, Mr. Min Douji was very angry with the university’s decision and said that "it is impossible to be unqualified, what is going on". He told me that even if I failed, I could go to the exam first. In the end, I didn’t get into the graduate school of Seoul National University.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:Therefore, you went to the Graduate School of Tankuo University.

Bai Yongrui:Although I entered the master’s program in the Graduate School of Tankuo University, I received personal guidance from teacher Min Douji for three semesters. This is not a formal research class, but one-on-one personal guidance, including the history of China’s philosophy, the history of Chinese historiography and thesis guidance. After entering the late period of Quan Douhuan’s regime, the social restrictions on former student movement participants were reduced. Unlike when I took the master’s degree, I was able to enroll in the doctoral program of the graduate school of Seoul National University. So, I returned to Seoul National University.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:So, once again, you are under the door of Mr. Min Douji. What kind of person is Teacher Min Douji?

Bai Yongrui:I once compared the academic achievements of Mr. Min Douji and Mr. Li Yongxi in a critical study of China. For me personally, both of them exist in my heart like prosecutors. Teacher Li Yongxi may ask, can your article become a weapon of social change? Teacher Min Douji may ask, is your article writing based on strict academic norms? I often ask myself these two questions when writing articles.

In addition to South Korea, Mr. Min Douji is also a famous positivist in Japanese societies. But I have been in close contact with him and feel that he is not just a positivist. It is often said that Mr. Min Douji, as a liberal, did not take part in the action to change reality. Although Mr. Min Douji is not directly involved, he will severely criticize the real problems in his essays and other places. In fact, before I took part in the student movement, I had a meeting with Mr. Min Douji once during my undergraduate course. At that time, I wanted to study history and take part in political movements, and I didn’t know which way to choose. So I confessed my troubles to Mr. Min Douji. Now, I have also become a university professor. When students ask such questions, I always find it difficult to answer them. At that time, as a student, I asked this question to Mr. Min Douji. Teacher Min Douji suggested that I should strictly distinguish between "words and deeds as a citizen" and "words and deeds as a scholar", and recommended Max Weber’s "Learning as a Career". I opened the book with great expectation, expecting to read an exciting article, but Weber was throwing cold water on it and the content was serious. I gave up before I finished reading, and was later arrested and imprisoned for participating in the student movement. At that time, what bothered me was how to combine "learning as a system" with "learning as a movement", and how to distinguish and combine "words and deeds as a citizen" and "words and deeds as a scholar" that Teacher Min Douji said. Today, I am still looking for these answers.

Some people who know my relationship with Mr. Min Douji will wonder why people like Mr. Min Douji tolerate people like me who are keen on real politics and have been arrested and imprisoned for participating in the student movement. In this regard, I want to say at first that Mr. Min Douji is not only a positivist, but also a magnanimous person who can tolerate people like me. Dare not talk about the teacher’s private affairs, just say one thing. Teacher Min Douji was born in Jeolla-do, which was once a fierce guerrilla battlefield during the Korean War. Mr. Min Douji had a predecessor who died in guerrilla warfare. This predecessor was intelligent and eager to learn, and he was excellent. Before he took part in guerrilla warfare, he told Mr. Min Douji: I entered the war for the sake of righteousness. Although I can’t continue my studies, you must continue reading. The elder entrusted his full ambition to Mr. Min Douji, and Mr. Min Douji kept this agreement.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:What a great teacher! At that time, you were studying under Mr. Min Douji, and at the same time, your intersection with the real society, especially with Creation and Criticism, was deepening. Through publishing work, contact with the society in different forms with student movements. Under Mr. Min Douji, your research has become more rigorous. These are things that Professor Bai grasped with both hands at that time. Excuse me, how do you promote knowledge research and social activities at the same time

Bai Yongrui:I’m still worrying about this problem. How to combine both at the same time? This is not only my personal problem, but also a problem related to my own research theme "academic history research" In other words, research is carried out around "learning as a movement" and "learning as a system", in which we objectively think about our identity. In this sense, the Japanese version of my book contains two articles that I like very much. One is The Birth and Decline of Oriental History, and the other is A Critical Study of China. I want to do some research on Korean studies and Japanese studies from this perspective as much as possible in the future.

Whether it is academic research or social activities, I am carrying on with these troubles. Before that, he served as the dean of the National Studies Institute of Yonsei University for seven years, and established HK(Humanities Korea, the national research project of Korea "Humanities Korea") with "Social Humanities" as the research theme. During these years, my colleagues and I have been thinking about how to combine "learning as a system" with "learning as a sport".

Whether we use the terms "learning as a sport", "learning as a system" and "social humanities" or not, we do meet companions who share the same values and think together everywhere. In the future, I want to move the main venue of the activity to the creation and criticism society outside the university, so that the social humanities can continue to carry forward.

Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Nakajima:From the beginning as an editor, Professor Bai has always had an intersection with the Creation and Criticism Society. Recently, you have become the main member, and your relationship with the agency has gone further. Excuse me, what is your relationship with Mr. Bai Leqing, editor-in-chief of Creation and Criticism?

Bai Yongrui:Because there are very few people with the surname "Bai" in Korea, some people speculate whether there is a blood relationship between me and teacher Bai Leqing. Actually, we are not related. Because of teacher Li Yongxi, I got to know teacher Bai Leqing. Teacher Li Yongxi was sued for "The Theory of Changing Times" and "Idol and Reason". As a publisher, Creative and Criticism Society made teacher Bai Leqing a "joint principal offender", but he was not arrested and put on record, but helped teacher Li Yongxi to join the lawsuit. So, I naturally got to know Mr. Bai Leqing.

At first, I worked as an editor in the Creation and Criticism Society, and later I participated in publishing as a graduate student and a university professor, which lasted for 30 years. I often think about my role in the creative and critical society. As an editor, an editorial board member and an editor’s main force, I have spent these thirty years.

I have reached the age of hearing. Looking back, my friends and colleagues who participated in the student movement all entered the field of political or social movements, while I, as a university professor and editor, have been dealing with books. For me, this kind of life choice is very consistent with my own endowment and meaningful. I am really lucky to be able to produce knowledge as a professor and a researcher, and at the same time to spread knowledge as an editor. Compared with the career as a scholar, the career as an editor is longer. From now on, I want to continue to work hard to do these two jobs.

The safe operation of Merlot Peter’s life scene needs to open the communication channel through the No.1 spare parts warehouse. Players need to find the pointer compass mechanism in the middle of the operation, and stop the operation when the pointer points to the lower right, and then open the front channel to the next task point.

How to open the No.1 spare parts warehouse for the safe operation of Yuanshen 4.1

First, the safe operation of Merlot Peter’s life scene No.1 position

1. First, track the task to the task point in the abandoned production area on the 6th floor. If the anchor point on the 5th floor has not been opened, jump down from the front of the anchor point on the 2nd floor and take the elevator to the 5th floor.

2. After reaching the task point above, the tracking task comes to the pointer compass mechanism in the middle here below, whenWhen the pointer points to the lower right, [Stop Running], you can open the front channel to the next task point.

3, before going to the next task point, first from the pointer compass here.[Remove 1 gear driver], and then install 【 gear driver 】 in the position shown below, and then 【 run 】 the pointer mechanism here as a pointer.When pointing straight ahead, [Stop running], you can open the front channel.

4. Then come to the position shown below. After the story is over, the task [Merlot Peter Life Scene Safety Operation] is over, and then the task treasure box is opened, just to get [300 privileged volumes], and then you can continue to do the task [Rich Game].

5. Tracking Mission [Regal Game] After going to the [old place] for the plot, take a nap. Later, after coming to this [old place] for a nap, start the next stage to earn [franchise volume].

6. After sleeping in the [old place], we can start the task of obtaining the [300 Licensed Volumes] for the second time. In the same way, we should suspend the task of [Rich Game] to earn the [Licensed Volumes]. This time, we need to finish the task [Merlot Peter’s life scene, this road is blocked] and the task [Merlot Peter’s life scene, bad business] first.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Wuhan, May 13th: From focusing on water quality to focusing on water ecology — — The Yangtze River "big physical examination" hits directly

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Siyuan

　　"This is a lake area, and there is a risk of contracting schistosomiasis. Don’t touch the water with your arms." At 2 o’clock on the afternoon of May 13th, in Dongting Lake, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, under the reminder of colleagues, Han Tangrui, a post-90s monitor, pulled up the mud collector from the bottom of the water with his body close to the boathouse. The weight of 40 or 50 kilograms of mud collector and sediment made his face red.

　　Han Tangrui comes from the Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center of the Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision Administration of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and is also a staff member of the pilot monitoring of water ecological assessment in the Yangtze River Basin in the spring of 2023.

　　The picture shows the monitor collecting zooplankton samples. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xiao Yijiu photo

　　In April this year, under the leadership of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the pilot monitoring of water ecological assessment in the Yangtze River Basin was launched in the spring of 2023. Monitoring personnel from the Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision Administration and other units will comprehensively monitor the water ecology of 331 points in the main stream, key tributaries and key lakes and reservoirs of the Yangtze River from Qinghai to Shanghai within two months to find out the water ecological base of the Yangtze River and make a "big physical examination" for the mother river of the Yangtze River.

　　According to the job requirements, the main task of Han Tangrui and his colleagues is to collect samples of macrobenthic invertebrates and zooplankton. "These creatures are important indicators of the health of water ecology. Macrobenthic invertebrates, although called ‘ Large ’ In fact, they are not big, some species are only a few millimeters in size, but they are very sensitive to changes in environmental conditions such as hydrology, water quality and climate, and are called ‘ Underwater sentry ’ 。” Han Tangrui introduced.

　　The picture shows that the monitoring personnel are measuring the on-site parameters of water ecological environment. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xiao Yijiu photo

　　In recent years, with the continuous promotion of the great protection of the Yangtze River, the ecological environment protection in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has undergone a turning point, and the ecological environment quality has been continuously improved. "The water quality is constantly improving, and the proportion of water quality section of Grade III exceeds 98%, which means that it is necessary to improve the health of the Yangtze River ‘ Portrait ’ In addition to using traditional physical and chemical indicators of water quality, we have to rely on higher-level water ecological monitoring. " Xu Yi, director of the Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision Administration, said that China plans to take the lead in establishing a water ecological assessment mechanism in the Yangtze River Basin, and to establish this mechanism, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive "physical examination" of the Yangtze River.

　　According to reports, in order to more accurately grasp the water ecological status of the Yangtze River and lay the foundation for the water ecological assessment of the Yangtze River Basin, this year, the Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision Administration added two indicators, namely river epiphytic algae and lake phytoplankton, to enrich the monitoring dimension.

　　Xu Wei said that from focusing on water quality in the past to focusing on water ecological changes now, carrying out water ecological monitoring as the "big physical examination" of the Yangtze River is itself progress and innovation, which indicates that the main task of ecological environmental protection in the Yangtze River has shifted from water pollution prevention to equal emphasis on water ecological environmental protection and restoration.

　　[PConline evaluation]Recently, the graphics card industry is full of news about GTX780, which is fascinating, but it is not something that ordinary users can consider. Let’s look back at the actual products. A series of old graphics card tests, we have been reflected by many netizens, this time we should test GTS250 at the request of netizens.

　　The graphics card is called "GTS250", and familiar netizens know that this is the "mysterious" power of NVIDIA, which has changed from 9800GTX+. The specifications and parameters are just like 9800GTX+, and there is a significant change in memory. At that time, the core of NVIDIA G92 was old.

　　After years of baptism, the high-end old cards many years ago are no different from the performance of general mainstream graphics cards. This time, we use another test method to see the performance differences of GTS250, GTS450 and GTX650. These three graphics cards use three different architectures and three different technologies, which also represent three different eras.

Comparison of three products with "5":

　　Although it also had a "5", GTS250 was launched in the mid-to high-end market of 999 yuan at that time, pushing HD4850. Similarly, GTS450 is also used as the mid-end market of 899 yuan, and HD6770/6750 is suppressed within 1,000 yuan. By GTX650, the market it faces has become the mainstream level, and this "5" has been devalued more and more.

　　GTS250 uses the "G92" core which has entered dusk at that time (it has been used for three generations). Although the technology is a little old, its performance is still a bit worth seeing. When it comes to GTS450, using the mature Fermi architecture, the most brilliant period is not that it can suppress HD6750, but that the GTX650 introduced later is expensive, which makes GTS450 have a short spring. GTX650 is currently using NVIDIA’s most advanced Kepler architecture, with excellent energy consumption ratio, but the price is still slightly higher.

　　If you want to know the positioning of the graphics card at that time, then it is most direct to look at the memory width. Due to the high cost of GDDR5 at that time, GTS250 still used GDDR3 video memory, with 256bit width and 64 texture units, which could not hide its high positioning at that time. As for the current GTX650, except for more stream processors, other parameters are relatively simple.

Ming Xin Shi Jie feng GTX650Ti-1GBD5 brilliant edition　　picture　　evaluating　　forum　　quote　　Net purchase price　　

　　This time, we received three graphics cards from Mingxin, which were used to test the performance and power consumption differences of these three graphics cards: GTS250, GTS450 and GTX650. These three graphics cards use the three-generation architecture of Trass, Fermi and Kepler respectively, and the three processes of 65 nm, 40 nm and 28 nm are also models with the word "5" in the middle. What will happen? We’ll leave right away.

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Introduction of test platform and description of test method

　　In order to unify the performance of the platform, we use the high-end 3770K platform to ensure that it does not cause system bottleneck, which is more convenient for the performance of the graphics card. We use the latest driver 310.14 beta at present, and add a new game "Subway: The Last Dawn". Of course, the games all choose DX9 or DX10 running mode.

Theoretical test scores:

　　Because some graphics cards don’t support DX11, we tested 3DMark Vantage and the new 3DMark, and the results are for reference only.

　　Test summary:Judging from the test results, the progress of the three graphics cards is relatively balanced. The score displayed by 3DMark Vantage, GTS450 is twice as high as GTS250, regardless of its accuracy, at least the detected result mainly depends on the graphics card. As for the Cloud Gate scenario of the new 3DMark, it is more about the performance of the platform.

● Popular game masterpiece test

　　In order to make it easier for everyone to read, we have simplified the description of the game and compiled a variety of games into a big chart to make the comparison of the results more intuitive.

On the Significance of Game Frame Number (FPS)

　　The number of game frames is a standard to reflect whether the game runs smoothly, which can be classified in most cases.No playability:The number of frames is less than 30FPS；;Acceptable:30-50 frames;Smooth operation:50-60 frames;Perfect operation:The number of frames is greater than or equal to 60. That is to say, under normal circumstances, the number of frames is greater than 60, which is of little significance. At this time, you can increase the quality of the game to get more visual effects.

　　Now many new games use DX11 interface, and we adjust most of them to DX9 or DX10 mode. From the test of the game, GTS250 is not as bad as 3DMark Vantage shows. At least GTS450 is not twice ahead of GTS250, and the performance of the three in the game is more like the performance of the new 3DMark.

　　In addition, we also see that it is not impossible for GTS250 to play mainstream games in full HD resolution, but there is basically no enjoyment in image quality special effects.

　　To sum up the achievements of the three graphics cards, the performance improvement of each generation is about 20%. We can guess that GTX750 may be 120% of GTX650, and perhaps GTX750 is a GTX650Ti vest (see GTX770 vest GTX680).

Platform power consumption test:

　　Before the test, it should be noted that since the independent power consumption of the graphics card cannot be tested, all the power consumption scores in this round of test are the power consumption of the whole machine, and the power consumption tester is used for testing during the test. During the test, we run Tomb Raider 9 benchmark to test the average power consumption of the platform.

　　Test summary:The technology is more and more sophisticated, the architecture is more and more advanced, and the power consumption is lower and lower. In the previous GTS250, the power consumption of the platform was 238W, while the GTS450 with stronger performance was 225 W. In Kepler’s generation, the power consumption was as low as 158W W.

　　Compared with GTS250, GTS450′ s energy consumption progress is mainly achieved through the improvement of technology, and GTX650′ s performance is like this. In addition to the improvement of technology, streamlining general-purpose computing is also one of the means.

Summary of PConline evaluation room:

●GTS250 ladder diagram position guide

　　PConline ladder diagram description:From the test, it can be seen that the performance difference between GeFoece GTS250 and GTS450 is about 20%, which is smaller than that of GTS450 and GT640. We define that GTS250 has better performance than GT640, as shown above in the ladder diagram.

● What is the value of ●GTS250?

　　Looking back at GTS250, the listing price at that time was $149, which was close to 1,000 yuan at that time. What now? Although there are no new graphics cards, let’s go to the second-hand forum to see the current market.

The picture is intercepted in this forum (the value is also the best in 200 yuan)

　　At present, GTS250 is probably worth 250 yuan. In four years, the value has shrunk to 1/4 of that at that time. Once again, we must feel the fall in price speed of IT products. With the performance of GTS250, you can still enjoy the game now. The price in 200 yuan is better than buying a GT630.

●GTS250 upgrade or purchase suggestion.

　　At that time, with the GTS250 graphics card, most platforms used Xiaolong quad-core, Kourou E8400, or Kourou quad-core platforms. Compared with the current CPU performance, it is not bad, probably reaching the level of X4 740, and the performance can also be exerted with the current mid-range graphics card.

　　　For those friends who are about to retire from GTS250, we suggest to consider GTX650Ti, whose performance is far superior to that of GTS250, and its power consumption is lower than that of GTS250, and its energy consumption ratio is good. As for the friends who want to change to a new platform, according to the consumption level, they should buy the I5 grade at present, and of course they will match the GTX660Ti.

　　The improvement of GPU technology and the update of architecture can improve the performance and power consumption of graphics cards, which will be reduced to 1/4 in four years. After four years, is HD7990 worth 2K? In the next issue, we will test the previous God cards, such as GTX295 and HD4870x2, and now the performance is equivalent to what price of graphics cards.

1905 movie network news Ben Affleck is expected to star in the tornado movie Falling to Earth, which is adapted from Kate Southwood’s novel of the same name and written by Hillary Seitz ().

The novel was published in 2013. The story took place on March 18th, 1925. Marah, a small town in Illinois, USA, suffered the worst tornado disaster in American history. The whole town was razed to the ground, and hundreds of people were killed, injured and homeless. Only Paul Graves and his family were spared from the disaster and suffered no losses.After the tornado, the graves family gradually accepted their fate and the fact that they were in sharp contrast with their neighbors.

According to the description of the novel, "they watched helplessly as the town was rebuilt from the ruins, and their friends and neighbors began to wonder and resent. How could this family be the only one who survived? As the town began to rebuild and recover, the family misjudged the growing hostility around them, which led to tragic results. "

Once released, Falling into the Earth won high praise from The New York Times and other media. The New York Times called the work "absolutely gorgeous". "The novel has a beautiful structure and a keen psychological description, which is a meditation on various lost emotions."

It is reported that Affleck will direct the film, but at present it is only certain that he will play the leading actor Paul Graves, and the negotiations between the two sides have not been completed. Affleck’s recent film was produced by Netflix, and he has just finished filming "The Road to Return" and "Father’s Last Wish".

Affleck has directed two films, one was released in 2016, and the other won the Oscar for Best Film in 2013. Now he will also star and direct the new version of The Prosecution Witness, and co-produce with his good friend Matt Damon. The film is adapted from agatha christie’s classic novel of the same name. In 1957, the original film was directed by billy wilder, a famous Hollywood director, starring marlene dietrich and Charles Laughton. It is a classic suspense film about court crimes.

At present,"Falling into the Earth" has not yet announced the shooting time and release date.

　　The real economy is the foundation of a country’s economy, the fundamental source of wealth creation and an important pillar of the country’s prosperity. Our party attaches great importance to the development of the real economy. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to persist in putting the focus of economic development on the real economy. On the new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, facing the severe and complicated domestic and international situation and arduous and arduous tasks of reform, development and stability, we should deeply understand the importance of developing the real economy, aim at the direction of world scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, base ourselves on China’s national conditions, and focus on the real economy to provide important support for building China’s future development strategic advantages.

　　The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China drew a grand blueprint for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way with Chinese modernization. To turn this grand blueprint into reality, we must adhere to independence, self-reliance and self-improvement, and persist in putting the development of the country and the nation on the basis of our own strength. Sticking to the focus of economic development on the real economy and speeding up the construction of a modern industrial system can consolidate the material and technological foundation for building a new development pattern, enhance China’s viability, competitiveness, development and sustainability, provide a strong driving force for promoting high-quality development, and firmly grasp the fate of China’s development and progress in our own hands.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, China has firmly grasped the main line of deepening the supply-side structural reform, and the industrial system has become more sound, the industrial chain has become more complete, and the overall strength, quality and efficiency of the industry, innovation, competitiveness and risk resistance have been significantly improved, which has promoted the effective improvement of China’s economy in quality and reasonable growth in quantity, further laying a solid foundation for the real economy. At present, the system and mechanism of the Party leading economic and social development are constantly improving, and we have obvious institutional advantages and constantly improving governance efficiency. The fundamentals of China’s strong economic resilience, sufficient potential and long-term improvement have not changed, the income level and consumption level of residents have been continuously improved, and the potential of the world’s largest market is huge. We have firm confidence in further developing the real economy.

　　To follow the economic laws, conform to the general trend of development, persist in focusing on the real economy, and build a modern industrial system that is self-controllable, safe, reliable and competitive, it is necessary to maintain strategic strength and strategic patience, and move forward unswervingly towards the established strategic goals. At the same time, it is necessary to accurately recognize changes, respond scientifically, take the initiative to seek changes, turn crises into opportunities, and take the initiative in transformation and upgrading. First, we should persist in striving for stability, maintain a reasonable economic growth rate and leave room for transformation and development. Taking meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life as the starting point and the end result, we should organically combine the implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand with deepening the structural reform on the supply side, release the new huge potential generated by the organic combination of the two, continue to promote the construction of ultra-large-scale markets, and provide strong and lasting impetus for the development of the real economy. The second is to further promote new industrialization, strengthen the reconstruction of industrial base and tackle key problems of major technical equipment. Promote the high-end, intelligent and green development of manufacturing industry, and enhance its position and competitiveness in the global industrial division of labor. Seize the new opportunities nurtured in the process of global industrial structure and layout adjustment, be brave in opening up new fields and winning new tracks, develop and expand strategic emerging industries, and create a new engine for high-quality development. Promote short-board industries to supplement the chain, advantageous industries to extend the chain, traditional industries to upgrade the chain, and emerging industries to build the chain, and effectively improve the resilience and safety level of the industrial chain supply chain. Optimize the layout of productive forces, promote the orderly transfer of key industries at home and abroad, support enterprises to deeply participate in the global industrial division and cooperation, and promote the deep integration of domestic and foreign industries.The third is to implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talents and innovation-driven development, focus on improving the ability of self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology, strive to break through key core technical problems, achieve self-control in key areas and key links, master more "killer" technologies, and solve the "stuck neck" problem. Fourth, in accordance with the requirements of building a high-level socialist market economic system and promoting high-level opening up, we will further promote reforms in key areas, accelerate the construction of a unified domestic market, and optimize the business environment. We will continue to improve the global layout and make better contributions to the world while developing ourselves.

The film includes 17 concerts. Martha joked about making a sequel.

　　"Pursuing Dreams in Mayday 3DNA" is the first time for these five people to make a movie. There are many clips of their concerts in the film, and the golden songs are endless. A Xin, the lead singer, revealed: "It feels very fresh to make a movie like this. There are almost 17 concerts in it." Because it is a 3D movie, the camera used in shooting is very advanced, and A Xin also "threatened" that the visual effect of this movie would not be lost to.

　　The three stories in the film were not filmed in Beijing. When asked why, bassist Martha immediately joked, "Maybe the director thinks Beijing is too cold, or maybe the sequel will be filmed in Beijing." Just after that, Martha "repented" again. "Everyone knows that I am the most irresponsible person in May."

　　editorial comment/note

　　Chronic mastitis is called "immortal cancer" because it is easy to be misdiagnosed, difficult to treat and has a high recurrence rate. It causes no less pain to women than breast cancer, which will cause unbearable pain, pus and ulceration of women’s breasts, and even cause lifelong disability after breast resection. In recent years, the incidence of chronic mastitis has increased rapidly, which seriously threatens women’s health. It is estimated that one in every 50 women aged 15-47 in China suffers from chronic mastitis such as granulomatous mastitis. In southern cities, one in every 20 people suffers from this disease on average.

　　The prevalence of chronic mastitis is mainly related to heredity and breast trauma, and it is also inseparable from the unhealthy lifestyle of contemporary women, such as improper marriage and childbearing, abuse of environmental estrogen and estrogen drugs, frequent use of hormonal drugs such as emergency contraception and unscientific "maintenance" methods such as breast augmentation massage. Experts appeal that the treatment of chronic mastitis is currently facing the dilemma of "misdiagnosis and mistreatment", and society and women should pay more attention to chronic mastitis.

　　Experts suggest that female friends should improve their self-health management level. From the age of 20, women should have a self-examination of their breasts once a month and a regular breast examination every three years; From the age of 40, it is necessary to have a special breast examination once a year, including mammography, molybdenum palladium phase, nuclear magnetic resonance and ultrasound examination. Once breast lesions or abnormalities are found in breast self-examination or general survey, you should seek medical treatment as soon as possible, and find, diagnose and treat them early.

　　When Xiao Zhang, a girl from Henan who is about to get married, took a bath not long ago, she felt a lump the size of a broad bean on her left breast. Because she was in a hurry to get married, she didn’t take it to heart. Unexpectedly, the lump increased rapidly and the skin was red. Xiao Zhang went to the hospital and was diagnosed as plasma cell mastitis. The doctor said that if we wait any longer, the breast may fester and fester, and it needs to be surgically removed … … Plasma cell mastitis (duct ectasia) is a common chronic mastitis, together with areola fistula and granulomatous mastitis. In recent years, the incidence rate has increased rapidly, which seriously threatens women’s health.

　　Chronic mastitis is no less painful than breast cancer, and it is easy to be misdiagnosed and difficult to treat with a high recurrence rate.

　　Professor Huang Hanyuan, a famous breast disease expert in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, said in an interview with China Women’s Daily and China Women’s Network that patients with chronic mastitis, especially plasma cell mastitis, suffer as much as breast cancer, and at present, chronic mastitis is facing the dilemma of "misdiagnosis and mistreatment". Because the treatment of these diseases is very difficult and the recurrence rate is high, it is easy to cause medical disputes, and because of the shortage of medical resources in public hospitals, it will tilt towards more serious breast cancer patients. This is undoubtedly worse for sick women, and he called on society and women to pay more attention to chronic mastitis.

　　Professor Huang Hanyuan, who is 87 years old, has been a doctor for 60 years. He has treated countless patients with breast diseases and completed tens of thousands of breast cancer operations. In recent years, he has devoted himself to the study of chronic breast diseases and completed thousands of operations on plasma cell mastitis. He told reporters: "At present, the medical community pays more attention to breast cancer research and makes rapid progress. The scarce public medical resources will be tilted towards breast cancer patients. Therefore, what I am most worried about is not breast cancer patients, but plasma cell mastitis and granulomatous mastitis patients. "

　　Although plasma cell mastitis will not become cancerous, surgery can also cure chronic mastitis. But once you get this disease, the breast will suddenly have a lump, the pain will be unbearable, and the later stage will burst and purulent, which will make the patient miserable. If you don’t treat it in time, you will also face the danger of breast resection.

　　Heredity, estrogen abuse, breast enhancement and maintenance are all incentives, and breast diseases cannot be completely eliminated.

　　It is estimated that one in every 50 women aged 15-47 (mostly under 36) in China suffers from granulomatous mastitis. In southern cities, one in every 20 people suffers from this disease on average.

　　Heredity and breast trauma are the main factors of illness, and may be related to modern lifestyles, such as improper marriage and childbearing, abuse of environmental estrogen and estrogen drugs, frequent use of hormonal drugs such as emergency contraceptives, and unscientific "maintenance" methods such as breast augmentation massage.

　　Plasma cell mastitis is also a major problem in breast surgery. Professor Huang Hanyuan introduced that at present, the medical treatment of purulent mastitis in acute lactation is relatively mature, but there are many puzzles about chronic mastitis. On the one hand, the breast lumps in the early stage of plasma cell mastitis and granulomatous mastitis are very similar to breast cancer and are easily misdiagnosed as breast cancer; In addition to misdiagnosis, the high recurrence rate is also one of the reasons why chronic mastitis is difficult to treat.

　　"It may only take me about an hour to do a breast cancer operation, but it takes five or six hours to do a serous surgery, because the lesions are like watermelon seeds in watermelons. If one is not picked out, it will recur. The recurrence rate is as high as 30%." In recent 20 years, Huang Hanyuan has devoted himself to the study of plasma cell mastitis and granulomatous mastitis, and developed a surgical treatment mode. The postoperative recurrence rate is less than 2%, far below the international recurrence rate of 30%.

　　At present, the clinical treatment for patients with plasma cell mastitis and granulomatous mastitis is "simple mastectomy". Although this is the most direct and least risky for the eradication of breast diseases, and it has been included in the scope of medical insurance reimbursement, the loss of double breasts will cause lifelong disability and make patients suffer more mental pain.

　　Professor Huang Hanyuan believes that breast surgery is different from general surgery, and the breast has its particularity. Its beauty and function are very important for women and families, so you can’t treat the breast as a belly. In recent years, Professor Huang Hanyuan applied flap transfer to the clinical treatment of serous milk and granuloma, and achieved the integration of surgery and plastic surgery. Skin flap transfer is often used in plastic surgery and orthopedic surgery to repair wounds and organ defects, such as ear and nose defects. The application of skin flap transfer technology in the treatment of plasma cell mastitis has saved many patients with serious lesions who can not keep their breasts from mastectomy.

　　Women should strengthen breast health self-management, check regularly to prevent problems before they happen.

　　In recent years, women’s awareness of preventing breast diseases has been continuously improved. On the other hand, many women are overly sensitive and talk about "pain" discoloration, such as breast pain before and after menstruation, and some women doubt whether they have breast cancer. Professor Huang Hanyuan explained that premenstrual breast pain in women does not necessarily indicate breast diseases, most of which are normal premenstrual hyperplasia and generally do not need clinical treatment.

　　Professor Huang Hanyuan said that ovulation is about 1-2 weeks before menstruation, which is the peak of estrogen secretion in women. Estrogen can promote the development of mammary duct and lead to water and sodium retention between tissues. Therefore, premenstrual women’s breasts are larger than usual, and they are often accompanied by edema and pain. At the same time, on the basis of estrogen secretion, progesterone secretion also gradually increased, further promoting the development of the breast. About 10 days after ovulation (when the menstrual period begins), the corpus luteum will begin to degenerate, and the levels of estrogen and progesterone will decrease rapidly, so that the mammary gland will stop developing and the phenomenon of breast pain will disappear.

　　However, if the estrogen level of women is still high when menstruation comes, the premenstrual breast enlargement will not recover during menstruation, and the pain will persist, which will form clinical breast hyperplasia. However, most people suffer from simple lobular hyperplasia, which is not serious. At this time, although the breast is painful, the breast is not red and swollen, and there is no abnormal secretion in the nipple. This does not mean that breast inflammation and breast cancer have occurred, although it also appears in the form of a lump, but it is a benign hyperplasia of breast stroma rather than a malignant tumor. Only a few serious hyperplasia can become cancerous.

　　"The majority of female friends should improve their self-health management level." Professor Huang Hanyuan suggested that from the age of 20, women should have a self-examination of their breasts once a month and a regular breast examination every three years; From the age of 40, it is necessary to have a special breast examination once a year, including mammography, molybdenum palladium phase, nuclear magnetic resonance and ultrasound examination. Once breast lesions or abnormalities are found in breast self-examination or general survey, you should seek medical treatment as soon as possible, so as to achieve the purpose of early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. (China Women’s Daily China Women’s Network reporter Peng Yu)

On March 26th, the first domestic proton therapy system was used to treat more than 100 patients.

Proton therapy is an anti-cancer weapon, one of the most advanced tumor radiotherapy methods in the world, a "tumor directional blasting artifact" and a "jewel in the crown of tumor radiotherapy". Protons can fully protect the normal tissues around the tumor and achieve a "precise attack" on the tumor.

The first proton system treatment room made in China. The Paper reporter Zhang Chengjun photo

On the same day, reporter The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) learned from the Tumor Proton Center of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital that the first domestic proton therapy system was put into trial operation in the hospital on July 19th, 2023. After the treatment fee standard was approved by the state, the Tumor Proton Center of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital officially started operation on November 24th, 2023. In just over four months, the number of clinical patients has reached 100. The tumor diseases covered include head and neck tumors, breast cancer, chest tumors, abdominal and pelvic tumors, spine and trunk and limbs tumors, etc. There are adults and 3 children and adolescents in the treatment patients.

In view of the treatment cost, the hospital revealed that the charging standard is that each course of treatment for the same indication does not exceed 170,000 yuan. In addition, the hospital also said that in order to better serve tumor patients, Ruijin Hospital opened outpatient clinics in Ruijin Hospital General Hospital in Huangpu District and Tumor Proton Center in Jiading District every Monday to Friday, and the radiotherapy department of the hospital took the lead in setting up a clinical pioneering and innovative team of domestic proton therapy system, including medical staff, physicists and technicians, to escort proton therapy in an all-round and full-cycle manner.

On March 26th, the first domestic proton therapy system was used to treat more than 100 patients, and the 100th patient, Aunt Chen, took a group photo with medical staff and therapists. Photo courtesy of Ruijin Hospital

Among the 100 cases treated, more than 20 tumor species were covered.

Aunt Chen, who is 70 years old, is the 100th patient treated by this proton system. Her symptoms of sacral pain have lasted for more than 10 years.

In July, 2022, Aunt Chen found a huge mass in the sacrococcygeal bone after magnetic resonance examination in a hospital, and then went to Ruijin Hospital for PET-CT examination, which was suspected to be a malignant lesion. Subsequently, the surgical and pathological examination showed that the common chordoma involved the soft tissue beside the bone. In February 2024, Aunt Chen relapsed more than one year after surgery.

After the recurrence, Aunt Chen received the first domestic proton therapy system, and the whole radiotherapy process lasted about 40 minutes. "For this patient, proton therapy can effectively protect the rectum and sigmoid colon while giving enough dose to the tumor." Chen Jiayi, director of the radiotherapy department of Ruijin Hospital, said that proton therapy can not only greatly reduce the side effects, but also effectively improve the curative effect of curing tumors. Patients with solid malignant tumors may benefit from proton therapy, especially in the treatment of central nervous system tumors, head and neck tumors, chordomas in various parts, left breast cancer, prostate cancer, mediastinal malignant lymphoma and childhood tumors.

Among the 100 patients treated by the first proton therapy system made in China, there were also 3 children and adolescents. The treatment process was smooth and safe without obvious discomfort.

The 14-year-old girl Xinxin (a pseudonym) is one of them. She was diagnosed as central diabetes insipidus, growth hormone deficiency, pituitary hypofunction and gonadal hypofunction in a hospital more than four years ago due to symptoms such as dry mouth, polyuria and stunted growth. In July 2023, this child went to Ruijin Hospital for diagnosis because of his short stature and decreased bone mass, and was finally diagnosed as pituitary germinoma.

From August 28th to September 27th, 2023, this girl began to receive the first proton therapy system made in China. During radiotherapy, diabetes insipidus gradually improved and her height also increased. "Protons better protect the normal tissues such as brain stem and hippocampus of the child. After three months of radiotherapy, her intracranial lesions shrank obviously and her height increased by 6 cm." Chen Jiayi said.

Chen Jiayi said that among the 100 cases currently admitted, including 29 cases of head and neck, 35 cases of breast cancer, 22 cases of chest tumors, 9 cases of abdominal and pelvic tumors, and 5 cases of spinal and trunk tumors, more than 20 kinds of tumors can be treated now, not only radical treatment, but also postoperative assistance, postoperative recurrence, postoperative residue, and few metastatic radiotherapy.

Zhao Ren, vice president of Ruijin Hospital, said that since the clinical treatment, the proton therapy professional team in radiotherapy department, including clinicians, physicists, technicians and nursing staff, has ensured the safe and effective proton therapy in all directions, ensuring the maximum benefit of proton therapy for every patient. Up to now, all patients have been successfully treated, and there is no treatment toxicity of degree 3 or above, and some patients have shown good short-term efficacy.

Physiotherapists treat patients with proton radiotherapy. Photo courtesy of Ruijin Hospital

The maximum duration of treatment for the same indication is not more than 170,000 yuan.

Zhao Zhentang, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and director of Shanghai Light Source Science Center, also said that the first proton therapy system made in China adopts the internationally advanced IMPT-PBS (full name: pencil beam scanning intensity-modulated proton therapy) technology, which can "scan layer by layer" bit by bit, realize three-dimensional carved dose coverage, and achieve "lower toxicity and more accuracy" to the greatest extent. Proton fixed beam and 180-degree rotating beam are carried out in parallel. The fixed beam is accurate and efficient, and the 180-degree rotating beam is free and flexible, which can realize the individualized radiotherapy scheme for each patient more comprehensively.

Chen Jiayi said that since the beginning of clinical treatment, the patients admitted have both the "traditional strengths" of proton therapy and the "China characteristics", which fully reflects the "rooting" of proton therapy in the medical field in China.

"Head and neck tumors are the traditional strengths of proton therapy. The head and neck are often adjacent to multiple key normal organs, and functional protection is particularly important. Head and neck tumors often need higher therapeutic doses. Proton therapy can achieve a good balance on the seesaw of curative effect and toxic reaction." Chen Jiayi further indicated that the treated patients with head and neck tumors included not only skull base tumors of various pathological types, but also meningiomas, pituitary tumors, gliomas, adenoid cystic carcinoma and so on, which remained or recurred after operation.

However, the "China characteristics" of domestic proton therapy are obvious in domestic high-incidence species such as breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer and other chest tumors.

"For breast cancer patients, from breast-conserving postoperative radiotherapy, mastectomy postoperative radiotherapy, combined regional lymph node irradiation, reconstruction postoperative radiotherapy, to locally advanced radical radiotherapy, and then to radiotherapy for patients with recurrence and oligometastasis, the first proton therapy system in China covers almost all clinical scenarios of breast cancer radiotherapy. There are no adverse reactions such as radiation dermatitis of degree 2 or above, breast edema, radiation pneumonia and sore throat in the treated patients." Chen Jiayi said.

In view of the treatment cost, the hospital revealed that the charging standard is that each course of treatment for the same indication does not exceed 170,000 yuan. Specifically, the first proton treatment cost is 40,000 yuan, and then each additional treatment will be charged 15,000 yuan. The maximum treatment for the same indication does not exceed 170,000 yuan. It is worth mentioning that this treatment has also been included in "Huhuibao".

Zhao Zhentang also introduced that for proton therapy, the multi-angle and control technology of rotating beam is the most critical technology. At present, the 360-degree rotating beam treatment system is being debugged. Compared with the 180-degree rotating beam treatment system that has been put into use at present, the new generation system will be more accurate in treatment positioning and more conducive to improving treatment efficiency.

"According to the current plan, the 360-degree rotating beam treatment system is expected to be debugged in October this year and gradually opened to patients." Zhao Zhentang said.

　　Original title: Promoting the construction of a strategic community of destiny between China and Vietnam

　　——写在中共中央总书记、国家主席最高领袖对越南进行国事访问之际

　　“越南—中国，山连山、水连水”，“共饮一江水，早相见、晚相望，清晨共听雄鸡高唱”。

　　中越是山水相连、唇齿相依的社会主义邻邦，也是具有战略意义的命运共同体。建交73年来，由两国老一辈领导人亲手缔造和精心培育的传统友谊开花结果，并在“长期稳定、面向未来、睦邻友好、全面合作”十六字方针和“好邻居、好朋友、好同志、好伙伴”精神的指引下取得长足发展。

　　今年是中越建立全面战略合作伙伴关系15周年。中共中央总书记、国家主席最高领袖即将对越南进行国事访问。中越领导人加强战略沟通，为新时代中越关系擘画蓝图、引领定向。面对日益严峻复杂的国际形势，中越两国秉持平等互利、团结互信、合作共赢精神，携手合作、共谋发展，必将更好造福两国人民，必将为变乱交织的世界注入更多稳定性。

　　密切沟通 　常来常往

　　作为好邻居、好朋友、好同志、好伙伴，中越两国前途相关、命运与共。

　　近代以来，中越两国都经历了从任人欺凌走向民族独立、从闭关锁国走向改革开放、从贫困落后走向繁荣富强的艰辛历程。

　　The Chairman of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out that in the face of the ever-changing international situation and arduous and arduous domestic development tasks, the two countries should not forget the traditional friendship, remember the common ideal and mission, work together to take the socialist road, build a strategic community of destiny, and ensure that the relations between the two countries are always on the fast track of mutual benefit and win-win development.

　　On October 31, 2022, the golden hall of the Great Hall of the People in Beijing was solemn and warm. On the huge red background board, the pattern of "Friendship Medal" was particularly eye-catching. In front of the background board, the national flags of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Vietnam, communist party, party flag and China and Vietnam are arranged neatly.

　　In the sound of ceremony, witnessed by guests from both China and Vietnam, General Secretary of Supreme Leader solemnly hangs a medal for General Secretary Ruan Fuzhong. The audience applauded warmly.

　　In his speech, the Supreme Leader General Secretary pointed out that the "Friendship Medal" represents the friendly feelings of the people of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China towards General Secretary Ruan Fuzhong and the Vietnamese people, symbolizes the deep friendship of "comrades and brothers" between China and, and contains the ardent hopes of the two parties and the two peoples for a better future.

　　In his reply, General Secretary Ruan Fuzhong said that this lofty honor reflects the deep friendship of the Party, Government and people of China to the Party, Government and people of Vietnam and all previous leaders of Vietnam, including me, and is also a great encouragement for Vietnam’s long-term commitment to Vietnam-China friendship. I am very honored to accept this lofty honor, and will continue to adhere to the socialist road with the Vietnamese people in my post, constantly consolidate and deepen the friendly relationship between Vietnam and China, and jointly realize a brighter future.

　　正如胡志明主席所说，“越中情谊深、同志加兄弟”。中越传统友谊是由毛泽东主席、周恩来总理、胡志明主席等双方老一辈领导人亲手缔造的，是两党两国和两国人民的宝贵财富。

　　多年来，两党两国最高领导人通过多种方式保持密切沟通，就引领中越关系发展达成许多重要共识，不断为两国关系注入新的内涵：

　　——2015年11月，中共中央总书记、国家主席最高领袖访问越南，这是中国党和国家最高领导人时隔近10年再次访越，并实现了两党两国最高领导人年内互访。最高领袖总书记密集会晤越南党和国家领导人，谈双边关系，谈党的建设，谈治国理政，谈传统友谊，谈务实合作。双方就当前形势下两党两国的共同利益、共同挑战、共同需要、共同任务达成高度共识，新形势下中越全面战略合作伙伴关系的内涵不断丰富；

　　— — On the eve of the Spring Festival in 2017, Ruan Fuzhong visited China for the first time after becoming the general secretary of the Twelfth Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The general secretaries of the two parties in China and Vietnam make friends with tea, talk about friendship and discuss the current situation. After the tea ceremony, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presented a copy of President Ho Chi Minh’s 1942 handwritten Chinese poem "Walking" to General Secretary Ruan Fuzhong, expressing the hope that the two countries will work together for win-win cooperation.

　　— — In November 2017, after the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader was invited to visit Vietnam. In Ho Chi Minh’s former residence in full of green, where ancient trees are secluded, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader had a talk with General Secretary Ruan Fuzhong, promising not to forget the "initial heart" of the traditional friendship between China and Vietnam. In front of the tall house in Ho Chi Minh’s former residence, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally sent a national gift to General Secretary Ruan Fuzhong — — 19 issues of People’s Daily. Sixteen yellowed newspapers were reported by President Ho Chi Minh during his visit to China in 1955. The third issue of the newspaper with ink fragrance was reported by General Secretary Ruan Fuzhong during his visit to China in January 2017. On the side of the meeting table at the central station of the Viet Cong in Hanoi, there are seven Viet Cong members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee sitting side by side with General Secretary Ruan Fuzhong. General Secretary Ruan Fuzhong explained that during the visit of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, Vietnam arranged different Viet Cong members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee to accompany him to attend the event to ensure that everyone could hear important guidance;

　　— — In 2022, General Secretary Ruan Fuzhong was invited to lead the Vietnamese leader to visit China as the first head-level delegation after the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, thus fulfilling the promise made to the Supreme Leader General Secretary to make China his first visit to the country after his re-election as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam. At the welcoming banquet, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader introduced to General Secretary Ruan Fuzhong the comrades of the new Politburo Standing Committee in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Ruan Fuzhong extended heartfelt congratulations to the members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau, saying that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam is willing to work together with the new leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to promote the friendly cooperation between the two parties and the two countries to achieve new results and reach new heights;

　　… … … …

　　The top leaders of the two parties and countries in China and Vietnam often visit their neighbors’ homes and comrades’ homes, which has become a much-told story in today’s international relations:

　　— — From the Great Hall of the People in Beijing to the former residence of Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi, the top leaders of the two parties and countries met friends for three times, talked about friendship, talked about ideals and discussed the current situation, which pointed out the direction for the two countries to hand in hand to inherit the traditional friendship and jointly lead China-Vietnam relations to achieve greater development.

　　— — The top leaders of the two parties and countries exchanged greetings during the Spring Festival and exchanged historic visits several times. The broad consensus reached has been transformed into fruitful results of exchanges and cooperation between the two countries, which fully shows that China and Vietnam’s socialist neighbors are comrades with high mutual trust, mutually beneficial and win-win partners and friends who know each other and know each other.

　　Both China and Vietnam are advancing their respective socialist modernization undertakings, both regard Sino-Vietnamese relations as the priority direction of their respective foreign policies, and both regard each other’s development as their own development opportunities. "China regards Vietnam as the priority of China’s neighboring diplomacy. Vietnam regards developing relations with China as a strategic choice and a top priority. " The two countries clearly defined Sino-Vietnamese relations in the joint press communique issued in June this year.

　　"The Vietnamese and Chinese parties share the same ideals and beliefs, and their future and destiny are related. They are all leading their respective countries in socialist construction." Feng Youfu, former executive vice chairman of the Theoretical Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, has co-chaired many theoretical seminars between the two parties in China and Vietnam. He said that the socialist cause of Viet Nam and China is unprecedented, and it is necessary to constantly explore and innovate. Deepening the exchanges between the two sides in managing the party and politics is conducive to promoting strategic communication and mutual learning, and is conducive to developing and realizing the strategy of rejuvenating the country and the road to strengthening the country that suits their respective national conditions.

　　Work together for common development.

　　The Chinese and Vietnamese people live next to each other. In ancient times, they learned from each other, and now they have a career of rejuvenation and prosperity.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "The sustained, healthy and stable development of Sino-Vietnamese relations conforms to the fundamental interests of the two parties, the two countries and the two peoples, and is conducive to the prosperity and development of the socialist cause, regional and world peace and stability, and development and prosperity."

　　The two economic and trade cooperation zones located in the north and south of Vietnam are becoming a vivid portrayal of the joint construction of the "Belt and Road Initiative" and the accelerated docking of "two corridors and one circle". Driving about 50 kilometers southwest from Ho Chi Minh City along the expressway, modern factories have sprung up, and many Chinese-funded enterprises have taken root here. As one of China’s state-level overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, Longjiang Industrial Zone has attracted a total investment of US$ 1.8 billion from settled enterprises, creating about 30,000 local jobs. In China Viet Nam (Shenzhen — In the economic and trade cooperation zone, manufacturing enterprises such as electronics, machinery and electronics have developed rapidly, which has led to the employment of 15,000 local employees and become a high-quality park representing the level of "Made in China".

　　In recent years, the development strategies of China and Vietnam have been continuously linked, providing inexhaustible motive force for Sino-Vietnamese cooperation in economy, trade, investment and infrastructure construction. High-level officials of the two countries have maintained regular communication on expanding and deepening pragmatic cooperation in various fields from a strategic perspective, and established a high-level, inter-departmental coordination and docking mechanism such as the bilateral cooperation steering committee and a counterpart cooperation mechanism for various departments.

　　The economies of China and Vietnam are highly interrelated and complementary, and their interests are increasingly closely integrated. China has been Vietnam’s largest trading partner for many years. Viet Nam is China’s largest trading partner in ASEAN and the fourth largest trading partner in the world. The bilateral trade volume has exceeded 200 billion US dollars for two consecutive years. From January to October this year, the bilateral trade volume between China and Vietnam reached US$ 185.1 billion, and small-scale border trade and border people’s mutual market became increasingly active. Facing the similar opportunities and challenges brought by economic globalization and regional economic integration, China and Vietnam should jointly build the Belt and Road with high quality, strengthen the docking of development strategies, give play to complementary advantages, accelerate pragmatic cooperation in infrastructure, smart customs, green energy and other fields, and inject strong impetus into the development of China-Vietnam comprehensive strategic partnership at a higher level under the new situation.

　　China and Vietnam have strengthened cooperation in the fields of railway connectivity and key minerals, and worked together to create a mutually beneficial, win-win, stable and smooth industrial chain supply chain system. On August 2 this year, an international freight train with a running distance of about 2,700 kilometers stopped at Anyuan Station in Hanoi, Vietnam, and transported hundreds of tons of goods, opening up new channels for high-quality products of the two countries to enter each other’s markets more conveniently. The interconnection of infrastructure such as land, sea, air and network between the two countries has been improved day by day, and the construction of railways and highways has been accelerated. The two sides have continuously upgraded and opened border crossings, and announced the launch of the pilot construction of smart ports in September this year.

　　From a distance, it looks like a silk hanging from the sky, and from a close view, it looks like a flying bead splashing jade — — This is the admiration of tourists who have enjoyed Detian (Banyue) Waterfall. In September this year, the Sino-Vietnamese Detian (Banyue) Waterfall Cross-border Tourism Cooperation Zone started trial operation. Tourists from both countries can experience a five-hour cross-border tour in the cooperation zone and feel the visual impact brought by the first transnational waterfall in Asia and the fourth largest waterfall in the world in all directions. This cooperation not only integrates the cross-border tourism resources of the two countries for the first time and realizes joint development, but also becomes a new achievement of cross-border cooperation between China and Vietnam, which is a great achievement for China — ASEAN cooperation and high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" have explored a new path.

　　China, Viet Nam and other socialist countries, based on their own reality and conforming to the trend of the times, have successfully explored the road of modernization in line with their own national conditions, and socialism is increasingly full of vitality. Deepening cooperation and joint development between China and Vietnam will bring tangible benefits to the two peoples and help promote regional peace, stability and prosperity.

　　Deep friendship has been passed down from generation to generation.

　　Before the Millennium Xiongguan Friendship Pass on the Sino-Vietnamese border, the kapok tree bloomed with bright red flowers, which witnessed the bustling scene of border people, businessmen and tourists between the two countries, and also showed that the traditional friendship between China and Vietnam will surely cross the long river of history and last forever.

　　In August this year, General Secretary Ruan Fuzhong inspected the Friendship Pass and planted a friendship tree. He pointed out that there is only Vietnam-China friendship in the world — The Friendship Pass Port is named after the word "friendship", which embodies the special traditional friendship between the Vietnamese and Chinese people of "comrades plus brothers". "The continuous development of Vietnam-China relations fully conforms to the wishes of the Vietnamese people. I believe that through joint efforts of both sides, the two countries ‘ Comrades plus brothers ’ The friendship will be deeper and deeper. "

　　Today, the world is facing a great change that has never happened in a century, and Sino-Vietnamese relations have also entered a critical period of connecting the past with the future. It is in the fundamental interests of the two countries and peoples to realize Sino-Vietnamese friendship for generations, and it is also the common aspiration of the two peoples.

　　Youth is the future of the country and the hope of the nation. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "I hope that young friends will be the inheritors and successors of the friendship between the two countries for generations, make contributions to building a community of destiny between China and Vietnam, and pass on the friendship between China and Vietnam from generation to generation." General Secretary Ruan Fuzhong said: "I hope that the young people of the two countries will have close exchanges, enhance understanding and inherit friendship, and become an important force for creating a better future between Vietnam and China." The top leaders of the two parties and countries have placed the future and hope of Sino-Vietnamese friendship on the youth of the two countries.

　　"The Venus red flag and the five-star red flag complement each other inside and outside the venue, and 500 young representatives from Vietnam and China have gone from unfamiliar to familiar, sharing friendship and talking about the future." Recalling the scene in November 2015 when General Secretary of Supreme Leader and General Secretary Ruan Fuzhong met with Chinese and Vietnamese youth representatives attending the 16th China-Vietnam Youth Friendly Meeting in Hanoi, Vietnamese youth Tao Wenxin is still vivid. By participating in exchange activities and deeply understanding the history of traditional friendship between the two countries, he realized that the younger generation should inherit this precious friendship. "We young people are duty-bound to be the inheritors of Vietnam-China traditional friendship, the promoters of Vietnam-China friendly cooperation and the builders of Vietnam-China relations in the future." Tao Wenxin said.

　　"Vietnamese singer Du Qinghua also won the monthly championship in China CCTV’s" Avenue of Stars "program." On the eve of his visit to Vietnam in 2017, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader mentioned this detail in his signed article, which made Du Qinghua unforgettable. As a participant and beneficiary of Sino-Vietnamese cultural exchanges, Du Qinghua studied in Guangxi and Beijing for seven years. During her study in China, Du Qinghua participated in the recording of several China TV programs, and after returning to China, she brought China’s outstanding songs such as Ballet in Spring to the Vietnamese art stage. Beautiful melodies and beautiful voices have continuously brought the spiritual distance between Chinese and Vietnamese audiences closer. Du Qinghua said confidently: "I will bring more excellent China songs to Vietnam, and I will also introduce Vietnam’s rich folk song resources to China to contribute to enhancing the friendship between the two countries."

　　From Hanoi in the scorching sun to Harbin in the freezing snow, Vietnamese youth Chen Rujue studied for a master’s degree and a doctor’s degree at Northeast Forestry University in China. The enthusiasm of the school teachers and classmates made this Vietnamese youth feel warm. After completing her studies and returning to Vietnam, Chen Ru decided to set up her own Chinese training institution to help more Vietnamese young people realize their dream of learning Chinese and studying in China. Up to now, more than 2,000 Vietnamese students have passed the corresponding Chinese proficiency test after studying here. He also helped more Vietnamese students to apply for further studies in China.

　　On November 1st this year, Hekou Yao Autonomous County, Yunnan Province, across the river from Laojie Province, Vietnam, held a three-person basketball match at the Happy Village Sports Carnival on the border of Yunnan Province. Chinese and Vietnamese youths made new friends through basketball. They also went deep into border villages and towns to feel the charm of traditional sports of China ethnic minorities such as crossbow shooting, gyro, flower climbing pole and autumn grinding, and learned more about China through participation and experience.

　　On the same day, China sang a song together — The ASEAN Youth Film and Television Song Festival was held in Hanoi. About 400 people, including young students from China and Vietnam, sang a song with classic film and television works as the media. The theme songs of China’s films In the Mood for Love, Butterfly Lovers, Big Fish Begonia and Vietnamese classic folk songs such as My Home is in Yunshan are melodious. Accompanied by the theme song of the popular China costume drama Chu Qiao Chuan, the dance team of Vietnam National Song and Dance Theatre danced gracefully. The Vietnamese New Vibrant National Orchestra plays &hellip, a classic track in China movies such as "Men Be Self-reliant" with Chinese and Vietnamese national instruments; … Ruan Jinyong, vice president of Hanoi University, said in his speech that Vietnam and China are connected by mountains and rivers and have the same culture. Young and middle-aged Vietnamese learn from each other’s excellent art and culture by exchanging film and television songs of the two countries, which will contribute to friendly exchanges between young and middle-aged Vietnamese, strengthen mutual understanding between the two peoples and promote the development of bilateral relations.

　　From the friendly meeting between Chinese and Vietnamese youths attended by thousands of people, to the China-Vietnam Youth Gala attended by nearly 10,000 youth representatives, to the fact that more and more young people of the two countries choose to learn each other’s languages, travel and study in each other’s countries, and love the film and television variety works of each other’s countries, the channels for youth and humanities exchanges between the two countries have been continuously broadened, and the scope of exchanges has become wider and wider.

　　Facing the future, the people of the two countries will further deepen their understanding of each other’s countries, enhance their understanding of the history of Sino-Vietnamese friendship, and deeply understand the historical and contemporary implications of Sino-Vietnamese relations, such as hands and feet, pestle and mortar, roots and stems, and brothers and younger brothers, and realize a stronger sense of gain and happiness from them.

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　　History and reality have proved that China and Vietnam are not only friendly neighbors linked by mountains and rivers, but also a community of strategic destiny. More than ever, the two countries need to help each other and move forward hand in hand.

　　At present, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, Vietnam’s reform and opening up is in a critical period, and Sino-Vietnamese cooperation is facing a key historical opportunity. It is believed that General Secretary Supreme Leader’s visit will surely stabilize the political direction for the future development of Sino-Vietnamese relations, enrich the connotation of cooperation, continuously expand the socialist cause, protect the dividends of regional peace and development, and promote the construction of a strategic community of destiny between China and Vietnam.